1,368 research outputs found
Assessment of mesoscale eddy parameterizations for coarse resolution ocean models
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 1999Climate simulation with numerical oceanic models requires a proper parameterization
scheme in order to represent the effects of unresolved mesoscale eddies. Even though
a munber of schemes have been proposed and some have led to improvements in the
simulation of the bulk climatological properties, the success of the parameterizations
in representing the mesoscale eddies has not been investigated in detail. This thesis
examines the role of eddies in a 105-years long basin scale eddy resolving simulation
with the MIT General Circulation Model (GCM) forced by idealized wind stress and
relaxation to prescribed meridional temperature; this thesis also evaluates the Fickian
diffusive, the diabatic Green-Stone (GS) and the quasi-adiabatic Gent-McWilliams (GM)
parameterizations in a diagnostic study and a series of coarse resolution experiments with
the same model in the same configuration.
The mesoscale eddies in the reference experiment provide a significant contribution
to the thermal balance in limited areas of the domain associated with the upper 1000M
of the boundary regions. Specifically designed diagnostic tests of the schemes show that
the horizontal and vertical components of the parameterized flux are not simultaneously
downgradient to the eddy heat flux. The transfer vectors are more closely aligned with the
isopycnal surfaces for deeper layers, thus demonstrating the adiabatic nature of the eddy
heat flux for deeper layers. The magnitude of the coefficients is estimated to be consistent
with traditionally used values. However, the transfer of heat associated with timedependent
motions is identified as a complicated process that cannot be fully explained
with any of the local parameterization schemes considered.
The eddy parameterization schemes are implemented in the coarse resolution configuration
with the same model. A series of experiments exploring the schemes' parameter
space demonstrate that Fickian diffusion has the least skill in the climatological simulations
because it overestimates the temperature of the deep ocean and underestimates
the total heat transport. The GS and GM schemes perform better in the simulation of the bulk climatological properties of the reference solution, although the GM scheme in
particular produces an ocean that is consistently colder than the reference state. Comparison
of the eddy heat flux divergence with the parameterized divergences for typical
parameter values demonstrates that the success of the schemes in the climatological simulation
is not related to the representation of the eddy heat flux but to the representation
of the overall internal mixing processes.The financial support for this research was provided by ONR grant number NOOOl4-
98-1-0881, Alliance for Global Sustainability and American Automobile Manufactures
Association
ANTI-CRISIS SOLUTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES AS A FACTOR IN IMPROVING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE
The article presents anti-crisis measures to support small and medium-sized businesses implemented by the Government of the Russian Federation in the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper reviewed also the foreign experience of using measures to support small and medium-sized businesses in the context of the spread of a new coronavirus infection and proposed measures to improve the effectiveness of anti-crisis programs to support small and medium-sized businesses during the spread of coronavirus infection. The authors used in this article the following research methods: analysis and generalization of Russian and foreign anti-crisis measures. The study proposed, based on this analysis, measures to improve the effectiveness of anti-crisis programs to support small and medium-sized businesses during the spread of coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation
Assessing the Impact of RPA on the Modern Economic System
The study examines the iss ues of assessing the impact of the technology of robotization and automation of business processes on the modern economic system and on enterprises in the field of high information technologies. The hypothesis is put forward, according to which the introduction of RPA technologies can significantly reduce the costs of companies for the organization and implementation of manual labor by delegating such labor to the described technologies. The relevance of the research is due to the growing influence of RPA technologies on the business processes of companies, the structure of their costs and revenues, as well as the outstanding financial results of companies that have implemented business process automation technologies. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and expediency of the use of robotization of business processes by domestic companies. During the analytical activity, a strong relationship was revealed between the growth of the RPA technology market and the dynamics of the financial assessment of companies related to the field of business process automation. A sociological survey was also conducted, the purpose of which was to find out the level of popularity of RPA among people, their opinions about automation technologies, confidence in such services and the desire to use the technologies under study in their own lives. The research uses general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, sociological survey, correlation analysis, as well as a systematic approach. As a result of the study, the hypothesis was confirmed, proving that modern companies should implement RPA technologies in order to withstand competition by reducing costs. The sociological survey showed that the vast majority of respondents are familiar with RPA technologies and trust them to a certain extent. A large percentage of respondents stated their readiness to use automation, which gives companies access to new horizons of opportunities due to the likely increase in people’s confidence in automation tools. Recommendations were given to domestic companies on the introduction of robotics into the business structure and the prospects for improving labor productivity at all levels of the company were described. The above measures may also be the result of changes in the company’s recruitment policy and the system of training and introduction of new personnel
Electrophoretic deposition of YSZ layers on pyrolytic graphite and a porous anode substrate based on NiO-YSZ
Solid oxide fuel cells are promising hydrogen energy devices. The goal of this research was to create ceramic layers for SOFCs based on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) and to investigate their parameters. YSZ ceramic layers with a thickness of 5.14 μm on a porous NiO–YSZ substrate and 7 μm on pyrolytic graphite were obtained by electrophoretic deposition. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy were used to determine the composition, structure, and morphological features of ceramic layers. The effects of the substrate's nature, the degree of dispersion of the initial YSZ powder, and the heat treatment conditions on the properties of the ceramic layer YSZ were considered
Chiral-loop and vector-meson contributions to eta -> pi pi gamma gamma decays
The process eta -> pi0 pi0 gamma gamma is discussed in Chiral Perturbation
Theory (ChPT) extending two recent analyses. Special attention is devoted to
one-loop corrections, eta-eta' mixing effects and vector-meson dominance of
ChPT counter-terms. The less interesting eta -> pi^+ pi^- gamma gamma
transition is briefly discussed too.Comment: 15 pages, 3 Postscript figures, uses epsfig.st
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