Эпидемиологические аспекты энтеровирусной инфекции в Российской Федерации за период 2018–2019 гг.

Aim: Analysis of enterovirus infection morbidity and characteristics of the etiological agents of this infection on some territories of Russia in 2017.Materials and methods: We investigated 7858 samples of the biological material from the patients suffering from enterovirus infection. The isolation and identification of enteroviruses were conducted by virological and molecular methods.Results: The epidemic process and the clinical picture of enterovirus infection on different territories had some peculiarities. On some territories enterovirus meningitis was the predominant form of infection, on other territories enterovirus infection with exanthema prevailed. In Saint-Petersburg, Archangel and Saratov regions the percentage of enterovirus infection cases with the clinical picture of enterovirus meningitis was significantly higher than the percentage of enterovirus infection with exanthema. In the Komi Republic, Leningrad and Murmansk regions the percentage of infection with exanthema was statistically higher than the enterovirus meningitis portion. Enteroviruses of 30 serotypes were detected in the samples of patients suffering from enterovirus infection. We determined the etiology of sporadic and epidemic cases of enterovirus infection represented by different clinical forms. On some territories the epidemic foci of enterovirus infection among children were revealed. The etiological agents of enterovirus meningitis foci in Saint-Petersburg, Murmansk and Saratov regions were Coxsackievirus B5, Coxsackievirus B4 and Echovirus 30. The foci of enterovirus infection with exanthema in Archangel, Leningrad, Murmansk and Novgorod regions were caused by Coxsackieviruses A10, A16 and A6.Conclusion: The clinical forms of enterovirus infection on some territories were provoked by enteroviruses which dominated in the circulation on one or other territory. Enteroviruses of species B, mainly Echovirus 30, Echovirus 6 and Coxsackieviruses B1–6 were the etiological agents of enterovirus meningitis. The etiological factors of enterovirus infection with exanthema were Enteroviruses of species A, mainly Coxsackieviruses of different serotypes as well as Enterovirus 71.Цель: анализ заболеваемости энтеровирусной инфекцией и характеристика ее этиологических агентов на ряде территорий Российской Федерации в 2018–2019 гг.Материалы и методы: исследовано 7858 проб биологического материала от больных энтеровирусной инфекцией. Выделение и идентификацию энтеровирусов проводили вирусологическим и молекулярно-генетическим методами.Результаты: течение эпидемического процесса и клинические проявления энтеровирусной инфекции на разных территориях имели отличия. На одних территориях преобладали заболевания с клиникой энтеровирусного менингита, на других территориях превалировали экзантемные формы заболевания. В Санкт-Петербурге, Архангельской и Саратовской областях удельный вес случаев энтеровирусной инфекции с клинической картиной энтеровирусного менингита достоверно превышал аналогичный показатель для экзантемных форм энтеровирусной инфекции. В Республике Коми, Ленинградской и Мурманской областях доля случаев энтеровирусной инфекции с экзантемными проявлениями была достоверно выше, чем доля заболеваний энтеровирусным менингитом. Энтеровирусы 30 серотипов были детектированы в пробах от больных энтеровирусной инфекцией. Была установлена этиология спорадических и групповых заболеваний энтеровирусной инфекцией с разными клиническими формами. На некоторых территориях были выявлены очаги групповых заболеваний среди детей. Этиологическими агентами групповых заболеваний энтеровирусным менингитом в Санкт-Петербурге, Мурманской и Саратовской областях были энтеровирусы Коксаки В5, Коксаки В4 и вирус ECHO30. Групповые заболевания с клиникой вирусной экзантемы в Архангельской, Ленинградской, Мурманской и Новгородской областях были обусловлены энтеровирусами Коксаки А10, А16 и А6.Заключение: клинические формы энтеровирусной инфекции на отдельных территориях были обусловлены энтеровирусами, которые доминировали в циркуляции на той или иной территории. Этиологическими агентами энтеровирусного менингита были энтеровирусы вида В, чаще всего ECHO30, ECHO6 и Коксаки В1–6. Этиологическими агентами экзантемных форм энтеровирусной инфекции являлись энтеровирусы вида А (в основном, вирусы Коксаки А разных серотипов и энтеровирус 71 типа)

Fatty acid and carbohydrate metabolism in acute myocardial ischemia

Fatty acid metabolism (FA) requires 60-70% of O2 coming to myocardium. In O2 deficit, FA and carbohydrate metabolism declines. Reversible and irreversible ischemic damage is caused by unoxydated metabolites’ storage. Medicament therapy-induced carbohydrate metabolism is perspective, due to its less O2 demand

Radiation Damping of Surface Plasmons in a Pair of Nanoparticles and in Nanoparticles near Interfaces

A theory of surface plasmon radiation damping in a system of coupled spherical metallic nanoparticles is developed, and a simple formula for the radiation line width is obtained for the first time. It is shown that as a result of surface plasmon frequency redshift, a notable reduction of the radiation damping rate takes place. For small separations, the radiation line width narrows by a factor of 3 as compared to large separations. The theory is expanded to the case of a spherical metallic nanoparticle placed near an interface of two dielectric media. The dependence of the redshift of surface plasmon frequency and the radiation damping rate on the particle–interface separation are calculated. It is revealed that in both cases, a decrease of refractive index of the surrounding media also leads to a decrease of the damping rate

REMODELING OF THE RIGHT HEART AND THE LEVEL OF BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Aim. To study the right heart remodeling and level of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Material and methods. Patients (n=79) after pulmonary embolism were included into the study. The main group consisted of patients (n=43) with an increase in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) >30 mm Hg: 30 (37.9%)  patients had pulmonary hypertension (PH) degree I, and 13 (16.5%)  — PH degree II–III. Group of comparison con- sisted of 36 patients expired pulmonary embolism and having SPAP <30 mm Hg. The control group consisted of 20 people. 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) and Doppler echocardiography were performed in all patients. Besides myocardial tissue Doppler echocardiography and assessment of Nt-proBNP level were performed in 38 and 71 patients, respectively. Results. Dyspnea occurred in 90.7% of patients with various degrees of PH and 80.5% of patients with normal SPAP. Patients without PH and with PH I complained of palpitations, weakness, fatigue, and dizziness with similar frequency. Patients with PH I were comparable with ones of comparison group in 6-MWT distance that dramatically decreased in patients with PH II–III. Enlargement of the right atrium (RA) and/or right ventricular (RV) was observed in 76.7% of patients with PH I and 100% of patients with PH II–III. RV diastolic function abnormalities (E/A<1 and E/A>2) were detected in 19.4%, 16.7% and 61.5% of patients of comparison group, PH I and PH II–III patients, respectively. According to myocardial tissue Doppler echocardiography Em/Am<1 was observed in 8 (72.7%) patients of the comparison group and in 13 (76.4%) patients with PH. Nt-proB-NP level was 17.3 [2.3, 33.9] fmol/ml in PH I patients and 142.1 [62.1, 171.8] fmol/ml in PH II–III patients. Nt-proBNP level was 6.5 [3.1, 18.3] fmol/mL in patients of the comparison group, and it was higher than this in patients of the control group (3.5 [1.8, 7.5 fmol/ml]. Conclusion. Various indicators of heart remodeling and RV diastolic dysfunction were found in the majority of patients after pulmonary embolism, including those with nor- mal SPAP. Elevation of Nt-proBNP level adequately reflects the severity of RV dysfunction in CTEPH patients only in PH II–III. This marker has low diagnostic value in patients with- out CTEPH and PH I patients

REMODELING OF THE RIGHT HEART AND THE LEVEL OF BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARY HYPERTENSION: A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Aim. To study the right heart remodeling and level of N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Material and methods. Patients (n=79) after pulmonary embolism were included into the study. The main group consisted of patients (n=43) with an increase in systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) >30 mm Hg: 30 (37.9%)  patients had pulmonary hypertension (PH) degree I, and 13 (16.5%)  — PH degree II–III. Group of comparison con- sisted of 36 patients expired pulmonary embolism and having SPAP <30 mm Hg. The control group consisted of 20 people. 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) and Doppler echocardiography were performed in all patients. Besides myocardial tissue Doppler echocardiography and assessment of Nt-proBNP level were performed in 38 and 71 patients, respectively. Results. Dyspnea occurred in 90.7% of patients with various degrees of PH and 80.5% of patients with normal SPAP. Patients without PH and with PH I complained of palpitations, weakness, fatigue, and dizziness with similar frequency. Patients with PH I were comparable with ones of comparison group in 6-MWT distance that dramatically decreased in patients with PH II–III. Enlargement of the right atrium (RA) and/or right ventricular (RV) was observed in 76.7% of patients with PH I and 100% of patients with PH II–III. RV diastolic function abnormalities (E/A<1 and E/A>2) were detected in 19.4%, 16.7% and 61.5% of patients of comparison group, PH I and PH II–III patients, respectively. According to myocardial tissue Doppler echocardiography Em/Am<1 was observed in 8 (72.7%) patients of the comparison group and in 13 (76.4%) patients with PH. Nt-proB-NP level was 17.3 [2.3, 33.9] fmol/ml in PH I patients and 142.1 [62.1, 171.8] fmol/ml in PH II–III patients. Nt-proBNP level was 6.5 [3.1, 18.3] fmol/mL in patients of the comparison group, and it was higher than this in patients of the control group (3.5 [1.8, 7.5 fmol/ml]. Conclusion. Various indicators of heart remodeling and RV diastolic dysfunction were found in the majority of patients after pulmonary embolism, including those with nor- mal SPAP. Elevation of Nt-proBNP level adequately reflects the severity of RV dysfunction in CTEPH patients only in PH II–III. This marker has low diagnostic value in patients with- out CTEPH and PH I patients