52 research outputs found
From logic of competition to conflict: understanding the dynamics of EU-Russia relations
To understand the gradual worsening of EUâRussia relations in the decade preceding the Ukraine crisis, it is essential to understand the dynamics of their interaction. This article divides EUâRussia relations into three stages on the basis of changing intergroup dynamics: asymmetrical cooperation (1992â2003), pragmatic but increasing competition (2004â2013) and conflict (2013âpresent). It draws on the concept of âattributional biasâ to explain the escalating logic of competition during the second stage. The EU and Russia started to attribute each other negative geopolitical intentions up to the point where these images became so dominant that they interpreted each otherâs behaviour almost exclusively in terms of these images, rather than on the basis of their actual behaviour. With the Ukraine crisis, EUâRussia relations changed from competition over institutional arrangements in the neighbourhood and over normative hegemony to conflict over direct control
Extremal single-charge small black holes: Entropy function analysis
We study stretched horizons of the type AdS_2 x S^8 for certain spherically
symmetric extremal small black holes in type IIA carrying only D0-brane charge
making use of Sen's entropy function formalism for higher derivative gravity. A
scaling argument is given to show that the entropy of this class of black holes
for large charge behaves as \sqrt{|q|} where q is the electric charge. The
leading order result arises from IIA string loop corrections. We find that for
solutions to exist the force on a probe D0-brane has to vanish and we prove
that this feature persists to all higher derivative orders. We comment on the
nature of the extremum of these solutions and on the sub-leading corrections to
the entropy. The entropy of other small black holes related by dualities to our
case is also discussed.Comment: 19 pages, v2:typos corrected and references adde
TeV-Scale Black Hole Lifetimes in Extra-Dimensional Lovelock Gravity
We examine the mass loss rates and lifetimes of TeV-scale extra dimensional
black holes (BH) in ADD-like models with Lovelock higher-curvature terms
present in the action. In particular we focus on the predicted differences
between the canonical and microcanonical ensemble statistical mechanics
descriptions of the Hawking radiation that results in the decay of these BH. In
even numbers of extra dimensions the employment of the microcanonical approach
is shown to generally lead to a significant increase in the BH lifetime as in
case of the Einstein-Hilbert action. For odd numbers of extra dimensions,
stable BH remnants occur when employing either description provided the highest
order allowed Lovelock invariant is present. However, in this case, the time
dependence of the mass loss rates obtained employing the two approaches will be
different. These effects are in principle measurable at future colliders.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figs; Refs. and discussion adde
Quasinormal modes for tensor and vector type perturbation of Gauss Bonnet black holes using third order WKB approach
We obtain the quasinormal modes for tensor perturbations of Gauss-Bonnet (GB)
black holes in dimensions and vector perturbations in
and 8 dimensions using third order WKB formalism. The tensor perturbation for
black holes in is not considered because of the fact that it is unstable
to tensor mode perturbations. In the case of uncharged GB black hole, for both
tensor and vector perturbations, the real part of the QN frequency increases as
the Gauss-Bonnet coupling () increases. The imaginary part first
decreases upto a certain value of and then increases with
for both tensor and vector perturbations. For larger values of , the
QN frequencies for vector perturbation differs slightly from the QN frequencies
for tensorial one. It has also been shown that as , the
quasinormal mode frequency for tensor and vector perturbation of the
Schwarzschild black hole can be obtained. We have also calculated the
quasinormal spectrum of the charged GB black hole for tensor perturbations.
Here we have found that the real oscillation frequency increases, while the
imaginary part of the frequency falls with the increase of the charge. We also
show that the quasinormal frequencies for scalar field perturbations and the
tensor gravitational perturbations do not match as was claimed in the
literature. The difference in the result increases if we increase the GB
coupling.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures, change in title and abstract, new equations and
results added for QN frequencies for vector perturbations, new referencees
adde
Infrared effects in inflationary correlation functions
In this article, I briefly review the status of infrared effects which occur
when using inflationary models to calculate initial conditions for a subsequent
hot, dense plasma phase. Three types of divergence have been identified in the
literature: secular, "time-dependent" logarithms, which grow with time spent
outside the horizon; "box-cutoff" logarithms, which encode a dependence on the
infrared cutoff when calculating in a finite-sized box; and "quantum"
logarithms, which depend on the ratio of a scale characterizing new physics to
the scale of whatever process is under consideration, and whose interpretation
is the same as conventional field theory. I review the calculations in which
these divergences appear, and discuss the methods which have been developed to
deal with them.Comment: Invited review for focus section of Classical & Quantum Gravity on
nonlinear and nongaussian perturbation theory. Some improvements compared to
version which will appear in CQG, especially in Sec. 2.3. 30 pages +
references
Barbero-Immirzi parameter, manifold invariants and Euclidean path integrals
The Barbero-Immirzi parameter appears in the \emph{real} connection
formulation of gravity in terms of the Ashtekar variables, and gives rise to a
one-parameter quantization ambiguity in Loop Quantum Gravity. In this paper we
investigate the conditions under which will have physical effects in
Euclidean Quantum Gravity. This is done by constructing a well-defined
Euclidean path integral for the Holst action with non-zero cosmological
constant on a manifold with boundary. We find that two general conditions must
be satisfied by the spacetime manifold in order for the Holst action and its
surface integral to be non-zero: (i) the metric has to be non-diagonalizable;
(ii) the Pontryagin number of the manifold has to be non-zero. The latter is a
strong topological condition, and rules out many of the known solutions to the
Einstein field equations. This result leads us to evaluate the on-shell
first-order Holst action and corresponding Euclidean partition function on the
Taub-NUT-ADS solution. We find that shows up as a finite rotation of
the on-shell partition function which corresponds to shifts in the energy and
entropy of the NUT charge. In an appendix we also evaluate the Holst action on
the Taub-NUT and Taub-bolt solutions in flat spacetime and find that in that
case as well shows up in the energy and entropy of the NUT and bolt
charges. We also present an example whereby the Euler characteristic of the
manifold has a non-trivial effect on black-hole mergers.Comment: 18 pages; v2: references added; to appear in Classical and Quantum
Gravity; v3: typos corrected; minor revisions to match published versio
Geometrothermodynamics of five dimensional black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-theory
We investigate the thermodynamic properties of 5D static and spherically
symmetric black holes in (i) Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet theory, (ii)
Einstein-Maxwell-Gauss-Bonnet theory with negative cosmological constant, and
in (iii) Einstein-Yang-Mills-Gauss-Bonnet theory. To formulate the
thermodynamics of these black holes we use the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy
relation and, alternatively, a modified entropy formula which follows from the
first law of thermodynamics of black holes. The results of both approaches are
not equivalent. Using the formalism of geometrothermodynamics, we introduce in
the manifold of equilibrium states a Legendre invariant metric for each black
hole and for each thermodynamic approach, and show that the thermodynamic
curvature diverges at those points where the temperature vanishes and the heat
capacity diverges.Comment: New sections added, references adde
Screening of cosmological constant for De Sitter Universe in non-local gravity, phantom-divide crossing and finite-time future singularities
We investigate de Sitter solutions in non-local gravity as well as in
non-local gravity with Lagrange constraint multiplier. We examine a condition
to avoid a ghost and discuss a screening scenario for a cosmological constant
in de Sitter solutions. Furthermore, we explicitly demonstrate that three types
of the finite-time future singularities can occur in non-local gravity and
explore their properties. In addition, we evaluate the effective equation of
state for the universe and show that the late-time accelerating universe may be
effectively the quintessence, cosmological constant or phantom-like phases. In
particular, it is found that there is a case in which a crossing of the phantom
divide from the non-phantom (quintessence) phase to the phantom one can be
realized when a finite-time future singularity occurs. Moreover, it is
demonstrated that the addition of an term can cure the finite-time future
singularities in non-local gravity. It is also suggested that in the framework
of non-local gravity, adding an term leads to possible unification of the
early-time inflation with the late-time cosmic acceleration.Comment: 42 pages, no figure, version accepted for publication in General
Relativity and Gravitatio
Organised crime and international aid subversion: evidence from Colombia and Afghanistan
Scholarly attempts to explain aid subversion in post-conflict contexts frame the challenge in terms of corrupt practices and transactions disconnected from local power struggles. Also, they assume a distinction between organised crime and the state. This comparative analysis of aid subversion in Colombia and Afghanistan reveals the limits of such an approach. Focusing on relations that anchor organised crime within local political, social and economic processes, we demonstrate that organised crime is dynamic, driven by multiple motives, and endogenous to local power politics. Better understanding of governance arrangements around the organised crime-conflict nexus which enable aid subversion is therefore required
Prescribed exercise to Reduce Recidivism After Weight Loss-Pilot (PREVAIL-P): Design, Methods and Rationale
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