Burn death rate among hospitalized patients in Zare\' teaching hospital of Mazandaran medical University, Sari, Iran (2002-04)

Background & Objective: Burning is a general health problem and is also a global injury as well as a very serious sanitary issue in industrial and developing countries. In its severe form, burning can claim lives. It seems essential in every society to analyze burning, to study the causes of burning, treatment outcomes and the death rates, etc. to find proper preventive measures. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the medical records of all patients who were hospitalized and finally deceased during the years 2002 and 2004 in Zare' teaching hospital, Sari, were examined. Some variables including the age span average, the degree and percentage of burning, patients' residence, gender, the cause of burning (i.e. boiling water, fire, acids and explosives), average hospitalization period, surgery and also the abundance of self – burning attempts were examined. Results: This study indicate that during these 3 years the total number of those who died from burns was 506 (23.4%). The residential places were in Mazanderan province (41.7%), Golestan province (41.4%), and Gilan province (10.2%). The abundance of burning ranges as below: The 2 and 3 degree of burning at 91.8%. Regarding the percentage of burns, 31.7% of abundance pertains to burning at 90% and more. The greatest external causes leading to burns are petrol, gas, and gas oil at 57.9%. Also, the percentage of burns does not have much influence on death rate among 50 – year – olds and older people. Conclusion: This study indicated that the importance of death between burned patient in special sex and age. To establish hospitals, some issues must be considered as: distance, transportation, route dangers, characteristics of area, existing epidemiological survey, and finally the epidemics and event statistics

Use of indexing rules and filing of MPI in hospitals of Mazandaran university of medical sciences, 2005

AbstractBackground and purpose : The master patient’s index (MPI) card is the key to locate the patient’s record in medical records department. Use of MPI in hospital information systems is important. An accurate MPI is noted in evaluation and accreditation program. Our study was done on MPI at medical records depatment of teaching hospitals in Mazandaran medical university in respect of using indexing rules and arrangement of cards for filing.Materials and methods : This survey was done on patient’s cards in 5 teaching hospitals of Mazandaran medical university and 1999 MPI cards were checked. A part of data related to using indexing rules and filing was gathered with checklist and factors associated with management of department collected in questionnaire. Data processed with SPSS software and analyzed with descriptive and inference statistics.Results : Findings showed that 20% of staff responsible for indexing and filing of MPI were technician (post diploma course) in medical records. In 100% of hospitals, guide card and cross-index card wasn’t use. Indexing error increased with the increasing the number of admitted patients (p= 0.003), low experience (p= 0.001) and degree and no course study relation of medical records department managers (X2= 9./03 , p = 0.000). In addition, indexing error increased in staff with no academic training (X2= 3.84 , p = 0.05). Also results showed that there is 64.2% indexing error and 9% of cards are misfiled.Conclusion: According to the findings, staffing professional personnel, training them with up dated knowledge, periodic control of issued cards, creating needed rules and regulation based on new scientific materials, exact indexing and filling rules suggested

The effects of anesthesiologist residency on mortality of patients in ICU in Imam Khomeini teaching hospital of Mazandaran Medical University, Sari (2000 – 2004)

Background and purpose: Anesthesiologists have become the first priority since they can play an important role in crisis situations to support respiratory and cardiac urgencies. In this survey, the effects of the resident anesthesiologists were studied on the death of patients having been hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Imam Khomeini training and treatment center, Sari from 2000 to August 2004.Materials and Methods: In this survey, the subjects of the "case group" (passed-away patients during the residency of the anesthesiologist) have been compared to the subjects of the "control group" (having no resident anesthesiologist). The following variables were considered for analysis: age, gender, hospitalization reasons, the original ward, reason of and the service of reference to the Intensive Care Unit, the cause of death, hospitalization period in the original ward and Intensive Care Unit, as well as the number of the visits paid by anesthesiologist. Other interfering variables (such as facilities) were not taken into account, since they had been the same for both groups. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software and the descriptive and analytical (X2,Z,T) statistical tests.Results: The findings of this survey showed that men have died more than women (61.9% vs 38.1%) in the intensive care unit. The total hospitalization period reduced from 14 to 11 days, having an anesthesiologist residing in this ward. It was revealed that the presence of an anesthesiologist reduced the death rate from 24% to 14%.Conclusion: According to the findings of this survey, it has been revealed that the presence of an anesthesiologist can have an outstanding effect on the reduction of the death rate. It is taken for granted that choosing patients must be done in accordance with Classic Indications since there are limited number of beds in ICU and the admission request for different patients. In equal situations, those patients who have better opportunity and less mortality probability and better prognosis in this unit have priority

Atmospheric effects of a relativistic electron beam injected from above:chemistry, electrodynamics, and radio scattering

Abstract We present numerical simulations and analysis of atmospheric effects of a beam of 1 MeV electrons precipitating in the upper atmosphere from above. Beam parameters of 100 J or 1 kJ injected in 100 ms or 1 s were chosen to reflect the current design requirements for a realistic mission. We calculate ionization signatures and optical emissions in the atmosphere, and estimate the detectability of optical signatures using photometers and cameras on the ground. Results show that both instruments should be able to detect the beam spot. Chemical simulations show that the production of odd nitrogen and odd hydrogen are minimal. We use electrostatic field simulations to show that the beam-induced electron density column can enhance thunderstorm electric fields at high altitudes enough to facilitate sprite triggering. Finally, we calculate signatures that would be observed by incoherent scatter radar (ISR) and subionospheric VLF remote sensing techniques, although the latter is hindered by the limitations of 2D simulations

Study of awarencess towards and the Pattern of Milk Consumption in 7-12 year old Elementary School Students in the City of Sari and their Mothers (2005-2006

Background and purpose: Tody, most societies face significant decrease in consuming milk products in children and this process would cause problems in providing the calcium needed by children, particularly since the osteoporosis is definitely connected to a lack of receiving sufficient calcium in children and adolescence age. Therefore, the goal of this study is to study the knowledge and pattern of milk consumption in 7-12 year old children of Sari and their mothers.Materials and Methods: The research samples consisted 638 male and female student at 7-12 in elementary schools (urban and rural), chosen at random from 16 schools. Necessary data were obtained through separate and different questionnaires on the output of milk consumption and its products through direct interviews. The data of the study were analyzed using t-Test, ANOVA, Duncan follow up, Chi-square and correlation coefficient.Results: In this study, 44% of children and 37.7% of mothers consumed milk and 50.1% of children and 19.4% mothers sometimes consumed milk. 5.5% of children and 19.4% of mothers did not consume milk. Mostly, the reason for non-consuming milk among children and mothers was: not having access to milk (27.9% and 17.7%). The awareness towards the advantages of milk was desirable in 67% children and 48.7% of mothers. It was almost desirable in 21.1% children and 4.5% of mothers and undesirable in 1.4% of children and 1.1% of mothers. The amount of milk consumption for 62% of urban children and 49% of rural children was only one unit, and, in sum, the amount of milk consumption for 59% of boys and 55% of girls was less than the recommended figures. The mean average of criteria deviation in the amount of milk consumption for children showed a significant difference from their educational levels (p=0.001) and insignificant difference from their sex. In addition, the pattern of milk consumption of children had significant relationship with the sex, education level and education of father; however, it had significant relationship with the education level of mothers and the jobs of mother and father. Children's knowledge about the advantages of milk had a significant relationship with the education level of mothers, fathers and jobs of mothers (P<0.004); however, it had a insignificant relationship with their sex.Conclusion: In this study, the amount of milk consumption in half of the population subjects of the study was less than the standard recommended amount; therefore, to improve children's health status and prevent the destructive effects of osteoporosis in adulthood, there should be necessary actions to increase milk consumption among children