American Law: Integrating Ultra-Traditional Muslims Through Accommodations

Appropriate legal accommodations for religious minorities can support their integration into American society. Historically, the teachings and practices of many religious communities that have otherwise conflicted with state or federal law have been successfully preserved through legal accommodations. A brief comparison with the experiences of such groups as the Hasidic Jewish community will provide a context for religiously based legal accommodations for various religious communities within the United States. This dissertation examines the particular situation of a Tablighi Jamaat community, a Muslim missionary movement, as a means to explore how legal accommodations facilitate the successful, stable integration of such groups. This community, in Arabi, Louisiana, adheres to a strict interpretation of Islamic law prohibiting them from purchasing casualty and property commercial insurance, and, as a result, they suffered extraordinary losses in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. This community\u27s situation illustrates a much larger need for religious accommodations in state insurance regulations. The focus of this dissertation will be on the unique perspectives of the Tablighi Jamaat community and how their experiences reflect the necessity and desirability of religious accommodations in general. In light of the unfortunate outcomes of the Tablighi community\u27s decision to opt-out of insurance coverage, this dissertation recommends that changes be made to state insurance regulations. Specifically, for the Tablighi community, Shari\u27ah-compliant policies should be developed. State Insurance commissioners may find it both necessary and desirable to provide greater legal accommodations for religiously based mutual insurance companies to address concerns about commercial insurance that groups like the Tablighis may otherwise have. These recommendations will be further supported by providing a statutory and constitutional basis for such religious-based accommodations

Portable Multi-Peripheral Telemedicine Kits to Expand Clinical Services of Relief Organizations in Contexts Of Disaster

Objectives: This study explored the practical aspects of multi-peripheral portable telemedicine kits that make them specifically ideal for expanding and improving the medical services provided by disaster relief organisations. It also attempted to compile a list of proposed criteria and components of a standard disaster portable telemedicine kit. Methodology: Descriptive study extracting data by review of published research articles and manufacturer documentations, and reports of some humanitarian organisations.Results: The study revealed that portable telemedicine kits help delivering timely, high-quality, and safe general and specialty medical service in disaster situations. Moreover they increase the capacity to serve greater numbers of affected people. A list of criteria was compiled from reviewed data to suggest a standard disaster portable telemedicine kit. Conclusion: Portable telemedicine kits expand the capacity of the delivered healthcare service of a relief organisation qualitatively and quantitatively. Portable telemedicine kits with disaster- specific criteria are recommended for relief organisations

Performance Analysis of OFDM and OFDM-MIMO Systems under Fading Channels

Fourth-generation (4G) wireless communication system is mainly based on MIMO (multiple input and multiple output) and OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing). The combination of these two techniques leads to a better system, known as OFDM-MIMO system, providing higher capacity and data rate. This paper demonstrates the BER (bit error rate) performance of OFDM and OFDM-MIMO system using convolution code to encrypt the data stream that can be sent over communication channels. Simulation is made on Matlab using three different channels (AWGN, Rician and Rayleigh). The simulation results show that the combined system has better performance compared to OFDM system. The practical part of this study was conducted by using two USRPs B210 (universal software radio peripheral) for transmitting and receiving, two antennas were used during transmission for both sides. The transmitted signal is successfully recovered

TRAINING COURSE ON DELIVERY CARE AND NEONATAL CARE IN RURAL HOSPITALS, GEZIRA STATE, SUDAN

This paper describes a training course for medical officers working in the rural hospitals in Gezira State to achieve a general objective; safe management of obstetric emergencies, miscarriage and the newborn . the description of the course includes; an introduction, the specific learning objectives, a detailed plan of work, instructional methods, resources , the course timetable, evaluation methods, description of the logbook and the feedback questionnaire. This article also includes descriptions of our experience in three rounds during which 43 medical officesr were traine

Helping Mothers Survive Bleeding after Birth Training Join project between University of Gezira, Jhpiego- affiliated with Johns Hopkins University, Sudanese American Medical Association (SAMA), Sudanese Obstetrical and Gynaecological Society

Abstract:The post partum haemorrhage (PPH) Project of Sudan should consider facilitation of implementation of a more comprehensive and innovative program to address prevention, identification and management of PPH with the goal of improving the quality of care and health outcomes related to PPH.The Master Trainer Course was held at the University of Gezira (U of G) followed by Champion courses and Clinical Mentor orientation sessions in 5 hospitals (4 rural and 1 urban). There are additional 5 hospitals in Gezira state where providers have yet to receive the Champions course. The additional courses are planned in March and April of 2016. 23 Master Trainers were mentored in help mother survive (HMS). The PPH Project Director based at UofG and additional 2 more trainers were introduced to the principles of HMS training and the low dose high frequency (LDHF) approach was adopted. 155 providers participated in a bleeding after birth (BAB) Champions Course. 106 of the participants were village midwives who received selected updates around child birth to address gaps identified during the opening role play. Updates included being patient during second stage of labour, no pulling of fetus, delivering babies to mothers, abdomen/skin to skin, drying the baby immediately, changing the wet cloth and covering the baby with dry cloth while on mothers’ abdomen, not to hold babies upside down, not to separate babies from mothers after cutting the cord. No cord milking, evacuation of birth canal in the name of “cleaning” it, no routine episiotomy or pulling the placenta without counter pressure and few others.34 providers from 5 hospitals (4 rural and 1 urban) were oriented as clinical mentors. They will conduct peer mentorship at respective hospitals as well as the downward type of mentorship to midwives at health centers and village midwives from respective community neighborhoo

The prevalence of blinding trachoma in northern states of Sudan.

BACKGROUND: Despite historical evidence of blinding trachoma, there have been no widespread contemporary surveys of trachoma prevalence in the northern states of Sudan. We aimed to conduct district-level surveys in this vast region in order to map the extent of the problem and estimate the need for trachoma control interventions to eliminate blinding trachoma. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Separate, population based cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 88 localities (districts) in 12 northern states of Sudan between 2006 and 2010. Two-stage cluster random sampling with probability proportional to size was used to select the sample. Trachoma grading was done using the WHO simplified grading system. Key prevalence indicators were trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in children aged 1-9 years and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in adults aged 15 years and above. The sample comprised 1,260 clusters from which 25,624 households were surveyed. A total of 106,697 participants (81.6% response rate) were examined for trachoma signs. TF prevalence was above 10% in three districts and between 5% and 9% in 11 districts. TT prevalence among adults was above 1% in 20 districts (which included the three districts with TF prevalence >10%). The overall number of people with TT in the population was estimated to be 31,072 (lower and upper bounds = 26,125-36,955). CONCLUSION: Trachoma mapping is complete in the northern states of Sudan except for the Darfur States. The survey findings will facilitate programme planning and inform deployment of resources for elimination of trachoma from the northern states of Sudan by 2015, in accordance with the Sudan Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) objectives

SUCCESSFUL TWO PREGNANCIES IN ACHONDROPLASIC MOTHER, A CASE REPORT

The word achondroplasia is derived from Greek and means "without cartilage formation," although individuals with achondroplasia do have cartilage. In genetics, dominance describes the effects of the different versions of a particular gene on the phenotype of an organism. Many animals (including humans) and plants have two copies of each gene in their genome, one inherited from each parent

Pure point diffraction implies zero entropy for Delone sets with uniform cluster frequencies

Delone sets of finite local complexity in Euclidean space are investigated. We show that such a set has patch counting and topological entropy 0 if it has uniform cluster frequencies and is pure point diffractive. We also note that the patch counting entropy is 0 whenever the repetitivity function satisfies a certain growth restriction.Comment: 16 pages; revised and slightly expanded versio