Responses of wheat and cucumber plants on the treatment with newly developed humic substances containing fertilizer

© SGEM 2018. Humates are substances possessing high physiological activity, contributing to the photosynthetic yield in plants and having no carcinogenicity or mutagenicity. It is the combination of these unique properties that makes humates promising plant growth and development stimulators. Within the framework of the present investigation the efficiency of application of two humate products has been assessed, and a comparative analysis of their influence on the growth and development of agricultural crops has been carried out. Commercial peat based products EDAGUM®SМ and HUMAT K have been chosen as the subjects of research. To study their influence on the growth and development of plants, laboratory-induced germination, germination, plant survival and morphometric parameters were determined in the course of the experiments. To evaluate the photosynthetic rate, total plant leaf chlorophyll (a and b) content has been determined. EDAGUM®SМ has shown greater positive influence on the survival of both plants, compared to HUMAT K. The use of neither of the preparations influenced the germination, morphometric parameters or biomass of the plants. EDAGUM®SМ influenced positively on total chlorophyll content in wheat leaves

Effect of silencing of the apoplastic invertase gene on photosynthesis in tomato

© 2015 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. Photosynthesis was examined in wild-type tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum L., cv. Money-maker) and in the transformants where gene expression of the leaf apoplastic invertase was suppressed by RNA interference (Lin8-RNAi). The influence of genetic transformation on photosynthesis depended on the demand for assimilates by sink organs. Using growth pots with low amount of soil, we found that at the initial growth stage when growth processes were particularly active, photosynthesis in Lin8-RNAi plants was higher than in the wild-type plants. As the reserves of mineral nutrients were gradually exhausted, photosynthesis decreased in both plant groups, but the decrease was more extensive in Lin8-RNAi plant form. Analysis of the distribution of 14C among the photosynthates produced after 3-min period of 14CO2 assimilation revealed the decreased incorporation of 14C into hexoses in Lin8-RNAi plants and the increased incorporation of 14C into aspartate and products of the glycolate pathway. Supplementing the soil with nitrate nitrogen as a fertilizer enhanced the non-carbohydrate trend of photosynthesis, but this trend was less pronounced in the transformed plants. Simultaneous measurements of CO2-exchange and H2O release revealed an insignificant increase in Lin8-RNAi plants of photosynthetic activity, transpiration, and intraleaf CO2 concentration. However, in 30–50 min after lowering the photon flux density from 1556 to 771 μmol/(m2 s) photosynthesis was reduced in both genotypes, whereas transpiration was diminished in wild-type plants and increased in the Lin8-RNAi form. It is concluded that the apoplastic invertase regulates photosynthesis through changes in osmolarity of the apoplastic fluid that controls the opening of stomata

PERSONAL FEATURES OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS ILL WITH RESPIRATORY TUBERCULOSIS EXPOSED AND NOT EXPOSED TO THE SOURCE OF INFECTION

Specific personal features of 296 children and adolescents exposed to tuberculosis and those with unidentified exposure were comparatively analyzed. Children with unidentified exposure demonstrated psychic tension, poor self-control, poorly developed social communication skills which determined disruptive interpersonal relations and uneasy personal growth. Children exposed to tuberculosis in their families were characterized by judging didactive position towards their neighbors which was formed by dysfunctional patterns of relations in their parental families. Adolescent with unidentified exposure manifested the contrast combination of pre-morbid personal attitudes which had certain etiologic contribution to the development of borderline neurotic states. The higher level of destructive reactions in the interpersonal communication was observed in the adolescents exposed to tuberculosis in their families. Identified personal features are considered to be psychological factors determining the hyperactivation of adaptive systems at the pre-morbid state and consequent development of structural functional disorders in various systems of the host, as well as providing impact on the course of tuberculosis

Effects of phosphate shortage on root growth and hormone content of barley depend on capacity of the roots to accumulate aba

Although changes in root architecture in response to the environment can optimize mineral and water nutrient uptake, mechanisms regulating these changes are not well-understood. We investigated whether P deprivation effects on root development are mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) and its interactions with other hormones. The ABA-deficient barley mutant Az34 and its wild-type (WT) were grown in P-deprived and P-replete conditions, and hormones were measured in whole roots and root tips. Although P deprivation decreased growth in shoot mass similarly in both genotypes, only the WT increased primary root length and number of lateral roots. The effect was accompanied by ABA accumulation in root tips, a response not seen in Az34. Increased ABA in P-deprived WT was accompanied by decreased concentrations of cytokinin, an inhibitor of root extension. Furthermore, P-deficiency in the WT increased auxin concentration in whole root systems in association with increased root branching. In the ABA-deficient mutant, P-starvation failed to stimulate root elongation or promote branching, and there was no decline in cytokinin and no increase in auxin. The results demonstrate ABA’s ability to mediate in root growth responses to P starvation in barley, an effect linked to its effects on cytokinin and auxin concentrations

Participation of stem and ear photosynthesis in formation of the crop and its quality in wheat

Photosynthesis of various organs and their contribution to formation of ear caryopsis were measured using14CO2 labeled carbon in the phase of caryopsis formation of spring wheat plants (Moskovskaya-35). It turned out that inclusion of14C into amino acids is more than twice as high in photosynthesis of an ear. Among labeled low molecular weight compounds in caryopsis, during a short exposure (2 hours) after photosynthesis, the most of the labeled carbon in the14CO2 was found from the photoassimilates of the flag leaf (70.4%); from the ear (55.8%), and the least – from the stem under the flag (41.5%). The difference in inclusion of14C into the caryopsis’ total proteins was observed only with a short exposure of the photosynthesizing organ (2 hours). Water-soluble proteins, as products of photosynthesis of the flag leaf, were synthesized for the most in the caryopsis (flag – 73.9%; stem – 46.4% and ear – 44.8%), and in the synthesis of complex proteins, which are soluble in alkali and Triton X-100, most of14C was from the products of photosynthesis of non-leaf organs (10.5; 21.5; 28.4 and 4.3; 12.5; 13.4), respectively

Methods of adapting the architecture of commercial buildings

The purpose of the study is to identify methods of adapting architecture using the example of commercial buildings. The main conclusions of the study are presented in the form of a concept of “adaptive architecture”, classification of adaptive architectures, and methods of building adaptation at different levels as identified during the analysis. These conclusions may provide a basis for developing recommendations for the design and restoration of commercial buildings. Adaptations of commercial structures already implemented in design practice are overviewed

Responses of wheat and cucumber plants on the treatment with newly developed humic substances containing fertilizer

© SGEM 2018. Humates are substances possessing high physiological activity, contributing to the photosynthetic yield in plants and having no carcinogenicity or mutagenicity. It is the combination of these unique properties that makes humates promising plant growth and development stimulators. Within the framework of the present investigation the efficiency of application of two humate products has been assessed, and a comparative analysis of their influence on the growth and development of agricultural crops has been carried out. Commercial peat based products EDAGUM®SМ and HUMAT K have been chosen as the subjects of research. To study their influence on the growth and development of plants, laboratory-induced germination, germination, plant survival and morphometric parameters were determined in the course of the experiments. To evaluate the photosynthetic rate, total plant leaf chlorophyll (a and b) content has been determined. EDAGUM®SМ has shown greater positive influence on the survival of both plants, compared to HUMAT K. The use of neither of the preparations influenced the germination, morphometric parameters or biomass of the plants. EDAGUM®SМ influenced positively on total chlorophyll content in wheat leaves

Accounting and analysis in managing the cost of innovation

© 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. The article reveals the theoretical and practical aspects of accounting and analysis in managing the cost of innovation. Innovation process is a process of successive transformation of ideas into goods including stages of basic and applied research, engineering development, marketing, production and distribution. The purpose of accounting and analysis in managing the cost of innovation is to find a solution that would best meet the needs of all participants in the innovation process, and provide the required level of profitability of the project costs