Associated Factors of Low Back Pain in a Sample of Patients Attending Hawler Teaching Hospital/Erbil City A Case Control Group

الخلاصة الخلفية والهدف: آلام أسفل الظهر هو مشكلة سريرية, اجتماعية واقتصادية هامة وهو بالتأكيد مشكلة صحية عامة تؤثر على الانسان بطريقة متقطعة وبشكل عشوائي.  الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد العوامل المرتبطة بآلام أسفل الظهر بين المرضى الذين يراجعون قسم العلاج الطبيعي في مستشفى هولير التعليمي في مدينة أربيل بهدف العلاج. الطريقة والمنهاج: أجريت الدراسة  واستمرت لعام كامل  بدءا من ال 3 من شهر تشرين الثاني 2014 إلى ال 3 من شهر تشرين الثاني من 2015. وشملت الدراسة 100 حالة تم تشخيصها  بآلام أسفل الظهر في قسم العلاج الطبيعي في مستشفى هولير التعليمي  مع عدد مماثل من الاشخاص الاصحاء لا يعانون من نفس المشكلة  كمجموعة ضابطة و مراعاة  التطابق في العمر والجنس لكلا المجموعتين. النتائج: اظهرت نتائج التحليل الاحصائي للانحدار المنطقي المتعدد للعوامل المرتبطة بالام اسفل الظهر ان مؤشر كتلة الجسم7.55, عدم استخدام دعم المنطقة القطنية في حالة الجلوس31.81, عدم ممارسة الرياضة 5.58,  الوقوف بشكل منتصب 34.836, الجلوس على الكرسي بمسند عالي للظهر 27.986, والجلوس على الكرسي  بمسند منخفض للظهر 65.167, عدم شرب كمية كافية من الماء يوميا 18.989, التوتر النفسي والعاطفي 14.636 مرة لها تأثير الخطورة على الاصابة بالام اسفل الظهر بشكل متوالي لكل عامل. الاستنتاجات: توصلت الدراسة الى ان معظم المشاركين في البحث هم من الموظفين و اصحاب الاعمال و هم  يؤدون اوضاع مختلفة اثناء العمل مثل: الانحناء, جلوس القرفصاء والجلوس اثناء العمل لفترات طويلة. واكد ان هناك ارتباط ذات دلالات احصائية عالية بين مؤشر كتلة الجسم, رفع الاشياء الثقيلة, قيادة السيارات والتوترات العاطفية والنفسية و بين تطور حالات الام اسفل الظهر.Background and objective: Low back pain (LBP) is an important clinical, social, economic, and public health problem affecting the population erratically and random. The aim of the study was to determine the factors associated with low back pain among patients attending physiotherapy department at Hawler teaching hospital in Erbil City. Methods: the study was carried out from November 3rd, 2014 to November 3rd 2015. The study involved of 100 cases diagnosed with low back pain in the physiotherapy depart- ment at Hawler teaching hospital subjects in control group are of the same age and gender of those in the experiment group , and 100 participants as a 100 as control group free from low back pain. Result: Multiple logistic regression of risk factors of low back pain revealed that body mass index7.55 , non using lumbar support in sitting chair during work31.81, non-practice exercise 5.58, standing erect 34.836, sitting on a high backrest chair 27.986, sitting on a low backrest chair 65.167, drinking water per day 18.989, emotional stress 14.636 time have risky effect on low back affect low back pain respectively. Conclusion: The study concluded that most of the participants in the study were employers and they perform different types of positions such as bending, squatting and sitting during work time, there were statistical significant association between body mass index, lifting heavy objects, driving and emotional stress with development of low back pai

AI-driven big web redesign: two case studies in Italian universities

This paper explores the challenges of web redesign in Public Administration (PA), particularly within universities. Universities often struggle with fragmented online presences due to distributed editorial models and diverse communication needs across research, education, and dissemination activities. Limited resources further restrict investment in upskilling staff and adopting modern technologies. Open source solutions, though cost-effective, are often chosen without considering user experience. We present a methodology that combines user-centered design, Artificial Intelligence (AI), and ”radical collaboration” to achieve a future-proof and scalable redesign. Starting from a case study of a major web redesign project at an Italian university (2014-2020) involving hundreds of websites and over 200 content editors, the paper details the process, including a large-scale content audit using AI, single sourcing with AI-powered content transformation, and user experience (UX) testing with data visualization. This approach resulted in a unified, user-centric online presence and garnered recognition, including the ForumPA award for best innovator. The paper concludes by discussing the applicability of this methodology to other PA institutions facing similar challenge

Study protocol for a cluster-randomized controlled trial of an NCD access to medicines initative: Evaluation of Novartis Access in Kenya

INTRODUCTION: Novartis recently launched Novartis Access, an initiative to provide a basket of reduced price medicines for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) to be sold through the public and private nonprofit sectors in programme countries. This study will evaluate the impact of Novartis Access on the availability and price of NCD medicines at health facilities and households in Kenya, the first country to receive the programme. METHODS: This study will be a cluster randomised controlled trial. 8 counties in Kenya will be randomly assigned to the intervention or control group using a covariate constrained randomisation method to maximise balance on demographic and health characteristics. In intervention counties, public and private non-profit health facilities will be able to order Novartis Access NCD medicines from the Mission for Essential Drugs and Supplies (MEDS). Data will be collected from a random sample of 384 health facilities and 800 households at baseline, midline after 1-year of intervention, and end-line after 2 years. Quarterly surveillance data will also be collected from health facilities and a subsample of households through phone-based interviews. Households will be eligible if at least one resident has been previously diagnosed and prescribed a medicine for an NCD addressed by Novartis Access, including hypertension and diabetes. The primary outcomes will be availability and price of NCD medicines at health facilities, and availability, price, and expenditures on NCD medicines at households. Impacts will be estimated using intention-to-treat analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at Strathmore University and at Boston University. Informed consent will be obtained from all participants at the start of the trial. The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, international conferences, and meetings and events organised with local stakeholders

Hubungan Motor Educability dan Percaya Diri dengan Hasil Belajar Renang Gaya Bebas pada Siswa Putra Kelas X SMA Budi Mulia Jakarta

Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan Motor educability(X1) dan Percaya diri(X2) dengan hasil belajar renang gaya bebas(Y). Sampel penelitian dengan simple random sampling sebanyak 30 siswa putra kelas X SMA Budi Mulia Jakarta. Instrumen penelitian tes motor educability dengan IOWA BRACE TEST, tes percaya diri menggunakan angket percaya diri, tes hasil belajar renang gaya bebas dengan hasil belajar renang gaya bebas. Analisis  data menggunakan teknik korelasi sederhana dan berganda, dilanjutkan dengan uji t pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh: (1) nilai korelasi (rx1y) = 0,64 dengan thitung = 4,41 > ttabel = 2,05, yang berarti bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara (X1) dengan (Y), diperoleh nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,4096 yang berarti konstribusi (X1) dengan (Y) sebesar 40,96%; (2) diperoleh nilai korelasi (rx2y) = 0,73 dengan thitung = 5,76 > ttabel = 2,05 yang berarti bahwa terdapat hubungan positif antara (X2) dengan (Y), diperoleh nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,5329 yang berarti konstribusi (X2) dengan (Y) sebesar 53,29%; (3) dan nilai korelasi (rx1-2y) = 0,88 dengan Fhitung =46,34 > Ftabel = 3,35 yang menyatakan terdapat hubungan positif antara (X1) dan (X2) dengan (Y) diperoleh nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,7744 yang berarti bahwa konstribusi (X1) dan (X2) dengan (Y) sebesar 75,69%