Adding value to strawberry agro-industrial by-products through ultraviolet A-induced biofortification of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phenolic compounds

Background: The revalorization of agro-industrial by-products by applying ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation to biofortify with phenolic compounds has been studied in recent times, showing improvements in the individual and total phenolic content and their bioactivity. Therefore, the main aim of this work was to optimize the biofortification process of phenolic compounds by UVA radiation to strawberry agro-industrial by-products (RF). Moreover, the effect of UVA radiation on the potential biological activity of the phenolics accumulated in RF due to the treatment was also determined. Methods: The assays followed a factorial design with three variables at three levels: UVA dose (LOW, MEDIUM, and HIGH), storage temperature (5, 10, and 15°C), and storage time (0, 24, 48, and 72 h). At each experimental condition, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymatic activities, total phenolic compound content (TPC), phenolics profile (TPCHPLC), and agrimoniin content (AGN) were evaluated; and the optimal UVA dose, storage time, and temperature were determined. In vitro bioaccessibility of the accumulated phenolic compound was studied on RF tissue treated with UVA at optimal process conditions. The digested extracts were tested for antiproliferative activity in colorectal cancer cells, cellular antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The results showed that applying UVA-HIGH (86.4 KJ/m2) treatment and storing the tissue for 46 h at 15°C increased PAL activity (260%), phenolic content (240%), and AGN (300%). The biofortification process improves the bioaccessibility of the main phenolic compound of RF by 9.8 to 25%. The digested optimum extract showed an IC50 for HT29 and Caco-2 cells of 2.73 and 5.43 μg/mL, respectively, and presented 60% cellular antioxidant capacity and 30% inhibition of NOX production. Conclusion: The RF treated with UVA is an excellent source of phenolic compounds; specifically, ellagitannins and the UVA radiation proved to be efficient in biofortify RF, significantly improving the phenolic compounds content and their bioactive properties with adequate bioaccessibility, adding value to the strawberry agro-industrial by-products.Fil: Villamil Galindo, Johan Esteban. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Antunes Ricardo, Marilena. Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey. Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias.; MéxicoFil: Piagentini, Andrea. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Tecnología de los Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Jacobo Velázquez, Daniel A.. Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey. Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias.; Méxic

Agregado de valor a los subproductos agroindustriales de frutilla mediante la biofortificación con compuestos fenólicos bioactivos inducida por radiación UV-A

La frutilla es uno de frutos de mayor procesamiento agroindustrial a nivel mundial. Argentina, produce unas 50 mil Tn/año. Los residuos industriales son un grave problema y anualmente, se generan entre 7-10 mil toneladas que constan básicamente del sépalo, el pedúnculo y parte del fruto. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue optimizar el proceso de biofortificación de subproductos agroindustriales de frutilla (RF) en compuestos fenólicos mediante la aplicación de radiación UV-A y posterior almacenamiento, determinando el efecto del proceso sobre el potencial bioactivo y concentración de los compuestos fenólicos acumulados en RF. Se empleo un diseño factorial con tres variables: dosis de UV-A (BAJA, MEDIA y ALTA), temperatura de almacenamiento (5, 10 y 15°C) y tiempo de almacenamiento (24, 48 y 72 h). Se evaluó actividad fenilalanina amonio liasa (PAL), polifenol oxidasa (PPO); compuestos fenólicos totales (TPC), el perfil de compuestos fenólicos (TPCHPLC), y el contenido del compuesto taxonómico de los RF, el agrimoniin (AGN). Se determinó la dosis óptima de UV-A, el tiempo y la temperatura que produce el mayor incremento en compuestos fenólicos, PAL y una actividad controlada de la PPO. Se estudió la bioaccesibilidad in-vitro de los compuestos fenólicos acumulados en los tejidos de RF tratados con UV-A en las condiciones óptimas del proceso. Los extractos digeridos se estudiaron para determinar su actividad anti proliferativa en células de cáncer colorrectal, su capacidad antioxidante celular (%CAA) y su potencial antiinflamatorio mediante la inhibición en la producción de óxido nítrico (%NOX). La aplicación del tratamiento con dosis ALTA de UV-A (86,4 KJ/m2) y el almacenamiento del tejido durante 46 h a 15°C aumentaron la actividad PAL (260%), el contenido fenólico (240%) y AGN (300%). El proceso de biofortificación mejoró la bioaccesibilidad del AGN, el principal compuesto fenólico de RF de un 9,8% a un 25%. El extracto óptimo digerido mostró un IC50 para las células de cáncer colorrectal, HT29 y Caco-2 de 2,73 y 5,43 µg/mL, respectivamente. Presentó una %CAA del 60% y una inhibición del 30% NOX. El RF biofortificado con UV-A mostró ser una excelente fuente de compuestos fenólicos, principalmente elagitaninos. La radiación UV-A demostró ser una herramienta eficiente, segura y de bajo costo para biofortificar este tipo de residuos agroindustriales, brindándoles mayor valor agregado, mejorando significativamente el contenido de compuestos fenólicos y sus propiedades bioactivas con una bioaccesibilidad adecuada para ser potencialmente empleado como un suplemento o ingrediente nutraceútico

Quality of fresh-cut strawberry

The aim of this work was to study the physical, chemical, physiological and microbiological changes during the flow chart of fresh-cut strawberry. Strawberry cvs. Camarosa, Dover and Tudla, derived from experimental area of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, were selected by color (red ¾) and absence of wound. Afterwards, the minimal processing was evaluated, as follows: fast cooling, water and ice, removal of the calyx followed by conservation at 5±0.5°C and 90-95% RH for 13 days, sanitation, drainage, cut in halves. Removal of the calyx did not result significant difference for fresh weight, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, pH and ratio TSS/TTA. The rapid cooling resulted in lower electrolyte leakage and respiratory rate, especially sanitized fruits. Sanitization by immersion in chlorine solution slowed the growth of fungi and yeast. Drainage for 20 minutes eliminated practically all water on the surface of the fruits. The fresh-cutting did not affect the visual and nutritional quality of strawberries like appearance, microbiot, vitamin C, anthocyanins and phenolic compounds, consisting of alternative market potential economically viable.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar mudanças físicas, químicas, fisiológicas e microbiológicas durante o fluxograma de processamento mínimo de morango. Morangos das cultivares Camarosa, Dover e Tudla oriundos de área experimental da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, foram selecionados por cor (¾ vermelho) e ausência de danos. Posteriormente, foi avaliado o fluxograma de processamento mínimo: resfriamento rápido, água e gelo; remoção do cálice acompanhado de conservação a 5±0,5ºC e 90-95% UR, por 13 dias; sanitização; drenagem; corte, em metades. A remoção do cálice não resultou diferença significativa para massa fresca, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez total titulável, pH e razão SST/ATT. O resfriamento rápido ocasionou menores extravasamentos de eletrólitos e taxa respiratória, sobretudo nos frutos sanitizados. A sanitização por imersão em solução de cloro retardou o crescimento de fungos e levedura. A drenagem por 20 minutos eliminou praticamente toda a água na superfície dos frutos. O processamento mínimo não afetou a qualidade visual e nutricional dos morangos como aparência, microbiota, vitamina C, antocianinas e compostos fenólicos, consistindo em alternativa de mercado potencial economicamente viável

FLORA FÚNGICA CONTAMINANTE NATURAL DE ARÁNDANOS (Vaccinium corymbosum L. O ́Neal) FRESCOS Y TRATADOS TÉRMICAMENTE

Se realizó el aislamiento e identifi cación de los mohos presentes en arándanos frescosy tratados térmicamente (10 minutos a 80°C), y se determinó su Abundancia (Ab) y Frecuencia (Fr).Se aislaron e identifi caron ocho especies de mohos en arándanos frescos y ocho especies de mohos en arándanos tratados térmicamente (mohos termorresistentes). Las especies de mohos aislados de arándanos frescos más frecuentes y abundantes fueron Aspergillus niger (Fr: 70% y Ab: 31%) y Penicillium decumbens (Fr: 21% y Ab: 11%). Las especies de mohos aislados de arándanos tratados térmicamente más frecuentes y abundantes fueron Arthrinium phaeospermun (Fr: 30% y Ab: 36%) y Eurotium repens (Fr: 13% y Ab: 21%). Los resultados obtenidos sirven como base para el diseño de tratamientos postcosecha que permitan reducir los mohos más frecuentes y abundantes presentes tanto en arándanos frescos como en aquellos destinados a procesamientos que incluyan una etapa de tratamiento térmico.</jats:p

Combining Abiotic Stresses as a Low-Cost Strategy for Increasing the Phenolic Content in Apple Agro-Industrial By-Products

The circular economy approach offers innovative solutions for valorizing apple by-products through biofortification strategies transforming waste into high-value products and reducing environmental impact. This study evaluates innovative solutions for valorizing Granny Smith apple peel (RM) through biofortification in phenolic compounds using individual or combined abiotic stresses, like wounding stress and ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation. The effects of cutting type (Ct) [whole (C1), 5 mm (C2), 1.5 mm (C3)], storage temperature (ST) [20, 15, 10, 5 &deg;C], and storage time (TM) [0, 12, 24, 48, 72 h] on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and phenolic profiles were studied first. The results show that higher stress intensity (C3, 15 &deg;C, 48 h) significantly enhanced secondary metabolism, leading to notable increases in PAL activity (1201%), PPO activity (308%), TPC levels (108&ndash;118%), and Procyanidin B2 (PACB2, 22%), the predominant phenolic compound. These changes were critical for improving the bioactive properties and antioxidant potential of RM. The second assay combined wounding stress (same levels of Ct and ST of previous assay, TM: 56 h) with UVA radiation (UVA-D) [0, 86.4 KJ m&minus;2, 172.8 KJ m&minus;2], determining the optimal conditions (C3, UVA-D 66 KJ m&minus;2, 17 &deg;C) for maximizing PAL activity (0.12&ndash;0.20 &Delta;A h&#8315;1 mg&#8315;1), and TPC (3.3 g GAE kg&#8315;1). This study demonstrates the potential of combined abiotic stresses as cost-effective scalable tools to biofortify RM, promoting the sustainable and value-added utilization of agro-industrial by-products