Padrão eletrocardiográfico de ratos após recuperação nutricional

Modelo de Estudo: Estudo experimental.Objetivo: A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar se a recuperação nutricional (RN) restaura as alterações metabólicas e elétricas cardíacas deflagradas plea desnutrição.Metodologia: Utilizou-se ratos wistar pós-desmame, divididos nos grupos controle (C, dieta 14% proteína, 90 dias), d desnutridos (D, dieta 6%, 45 dias) e recuperados (R, dieta 14% por 45 dias após a D com dieta 6%). Foram avaliados o peso corporal (P), o ECG (frequencia cardíaca e intervalos QRS, QTc e PR) e as reservas glicogênicas ventriculares (GLI). Os dados foram submetidos a teste de normalidade e teste de Tukey, p<0,05. Resultados: O grupo D apresentou P menor do que C, não sendo restaurado com a RN, evento também constatado no GLI. No ECG, o grupo D apresentou valores maiores, indicando sobrecarga cardíaca, os quais foram restablecidos após a RN, atingindo valores similares ao C.Conclusão: As alterações no músculo cardíaco dos animais D foram revertidas com a recuperação nutricional.Study Model: Experimental study. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if the nutritional recovery (NR) restores the metabolic and electrical cardiac changes induced by protein malnutrition. Methods: We used Wistar rats after weaning that were divided into control group (C, 14% diet protein, 90 days), malnourished (M, 6% diet protein, 45 days) and recovered (R, 14% diet protein for 45 days after D). We evaluated the body weight (BW), ECG (heart rate and QRS intervals, QTc and PR) and ventricular glycogen reserves (GLY). The data were submitted to normality tests and Tukey’s test, p <0.05. Results: Group M showed lowers weight than C, and don’t restored with the RN, the event also found in GLY. In ECG, group M showed higher values, indicating cardiac overload, which were restored after nutritional recovery, reaching similar values to C. Conclusion: Changes in cardiac muscle of M animals were reversed with nutritional rehabilitation

Change in fatty infiltration of lumbar multifidus, erector spinae, and psoas muscles in asymptomatic adults of Asian or Caucasian ethnicities

© 2017, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany. Purpose: Fatty infiltration (FI) is a feature of degenerating muscle that predominates in the low lumbar spine, associates with pain, and is confounded by age, spinal degeneration, and curvature. We determined rates for decline of lumbar muscle quality according to ethnicity, muscle, and spinal level in asymptomatic subjects. Methods: Cross-sectional simulation study assessing aggregated data; 650 Asians aged 20–89 years versus 80 Caucasians aged 20–62 years. Change in lumbar multifidus, erector spinae (ES), and psoas fat content were computed using synthetic data and Monte Carlo simulations. General linear regression models and multivariate adaptive regression splines enabled estimation of yearly decline rates [with 95% confidence intervals (CI)]. Results: ES at L1–5 (total) shows steeply reduced density (rate; CI) for Asians in older (>53.3 years) adulthood (−0.32; −0.27 to −0.36/year). For Asians, multifidus (−0.18; −0.15 to −0.20/year) and psoas (−0.04; −0.03 to −0.06/year) also decline, while ES in younger ≤53.3 years) adults does not (0.06; 0.01–0.12/year). Caucasian multifidus declines (increasing FI % rate; CI) insignificantly faster (L1–5; 0.23; 0.10–0.36%/year) than ES (0.13; 0.04–0.22%/year). Multifidus decline does not differ between ethnicities. ES in older Asians generally declines fastest across ethnicities and muscles, and particularly in the low lumbar levels. Low lumbar levels show higher rates of decline in Asians, with mixed level-dependencies apparent in Caucasians. Conclusions: Decline in lumbar muscle composition may differ between ethnicities and muscles. ES and low lumbar levels appear increasingly susceptible in Asians. Longitudinal studies examining rate of change to muscle composition may provide distinction between spinal conditions

Manually defining regions of interest when quantifying paravertebral muscles fatty infiltration from axial magnetic resonance imaging: a proposed method for the lumbar spine with anatomical cross-reference

© 2017 The Author(s). Background: There is increasing interest in paravertebral muscle composition as a potential prognostic and diagnostic element in lumbar spine health. As a consequence, it is becoming popular to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine muscle volume and fatty infiltration in lumbar paravertebral muscles to assess both age-related change and their clinical relevance in low back pain (LBP). A variety of imaging methods exist for both measuring key variables (fat, muscle) and for defining regions of interest, making pooled comparisons between studies difficult and rendering post-production analysis of MRIs confusing. We therefore propose and define a method as an option for use as a standardized MRI procedure for measuring lumbar paravertebral muscle composition, and to stimulate discussion towards establishing consensus for the analysis of skeletal muscle composition amongst clinician researchers. Method: In this descriptive methodological study we explain our method by providing an examination of regional lumbar morphology, followed by a detailed description of the proposed technique. Identification of paravertebral muscles and vertebral anatomy includes axial E12 sheet-plastinates from cadaveric material, combined with a series of axial MRIs that encompass sequencing commonly used for investigations of muscle quality (fat-water DIXON, T1-, and T2-weighted) to illustrate regional morphology; these images are shown for L1 and L4 levels to highlight differences in regional morphology. The method for defining regions of interest (ROI) for multifidus (MF), and erector spinae (ES) is then described. Results: Our method for defining ROIs for lumbar paravertebral muscles on axial MRIs is outlined and discussed in relation to existing literature. The method provides a foundation for standardising the quantification of muscle quality that particularly centres on examining fatty infiltration and composition. We provide recommendations relating to imaging parameters that should additionally inform a priori decisions when planning studies examining lumbar muscle tissues with MRI. Conclusions: We intend this method to provide a platform towards developing and delivering meaningful comparisons between MRI data on lumbar paravertebral muscle quality