3,910 research outputs found
Suspension Flows in a Pipeline with Partial Phase Separation
The formulation of a model for the evolution of the flow of a solid-liquid
mixture (coal-water) in a horizontal pipeline with partial phase separation is
the aim of this work. Problems of instabilities due to complex eigenvalues,
observed in previous models, seem to be completely solved in the present model,
in which we give the genesis of the different terms written in the equations,
coming from the natural definition of mass and momentum balance, and the
consequent proof of well-posedness of the obtained PDE system with
boundary-Cauchy data.
The model describes a three-layer flow. Most of the material is carried by
the upper layer, while the bottom layer consists of an immobile sediment. The
intermediate layer grows to a maximum thickness and has the role of regulating
the mass exchange between the extreme layers.
In the last section we present some simulations for a particular choice of
flow regime, and boundary-Cauchy data, that were suggested by experimental
results provided by Snamprogetti (Fano, Italy).Comment: 29 pages, 7 figure
The Birthplace of Low-Mass X-ray Binaries: Field Versus Globular Cluster Populations
Recent Chandra studies of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) within early-type
galaxies have found that LMXBs are commonly located within globular clusters of
the galaxies. However, whether all LMXBs are formed within globular clusters
has remained an open question. If all LMXBs formed within globular clusters,
the summed X-ray luminosity of the LMXBs in a galaxy should be directly
proportional to the number of globular clusters in the galaxy regardless of
where the LMXBs currently reside. We have compared these two quantities over
the same angular area for a sample of 12 elliptical and S0 galaxies observed
with Chandra and found that the correlation between the two quantities is
weaker than expected if all LMXBs formed within globular clusters. This
indicates that a significant number of the LMXBs were formed in the field, and
naturally accounts for the spread in field-to-cluster fractions of LMXBs from
galaxy to galaxy. We also find that the "pollution" of globular cluster LMXBs
into the field has been minimal within elliptical galaxies, but there is
evidence that roughly half of the LMXBs originally in the globular clusters of
S0 galaxies in our sample have escaped into the field. This is due to higher
globular cluster disruption rates in S0s resulting from stronger gravitational
shocks caused by the passage of globular clusters through the disks of S0
galaxies that are absent in elliptical galaxies.Comment: To appear in ApJ, 1 October 2005, v631 2 issue, 9 pages, 3 figures,
typos and a few minor issues correcte
Continuity and differentiability of regression M functionals
This paper deals with the Fisher-consistency, weak continuity and
differentiability of estimating functionals corresponding to a class of both
linear and nonlinear regression high breakdown M estimates, which includes S
and MM estimates. A restricted type of differentiability, called weak
differentiability, is defined, which suffices to prove the asymptotic normality
of estimates based on the functionals. This approach allows to prove the
consistency, asymptotic normality and qualitative robustness of M estimates
under more general conditions than those required in standard approaches. In
particular, we prove that regression MM-estimates are asymptotically normal
when the observations are -mixing.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/11-BEJ368 the Bernoulli
(http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical
Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm
Vortex matter freezing in BiSrCaCuO samples with a very dense distribution of columnar defects
We show that the dynamical freezing of vortex structures nucleated at diluted
densities in BiSrCaCuO samples with a dense
distribution of columnar defects, with
\,kG, results in configurations with liquid-like correlations. We
propose a freezing model considering a relaxation dynamics dominated by
double-kink excitations driven by the local stresses obtained directly from
experimental images. With this model we estimate the relaxation barrier and the
freezing temperature. We argue that the low-field frozen vortex structures
nucleated in a dense distribution of columnar defects thus correspond to an
out-of-equilibrium non-entangled liquid with strongly reduced mobility rather
than to a snapshot of a metastable state with divergent activation barriers as
for instance expected for the Bose-glass phase at equilibrium.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figure
Emission Line Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei in WINGS clusters
We present the analysis of the emission line galaxies members of 46 low
redshift (0.04 < z < 0.07) clusters observed by WINGS (WIde-field Nearby Galaxy
cluster Survey, Fasano et al. 2006). Emission line galaxies were identified
following criteria that are meant to minimize biases against non-star forming
galaxies and classified employing diagnostic diagrams. We have examined the
emission line properties and frequencies of star forming galaxies, transition
objects and active galactic nuclei (AGNs: LINERs and Seyferts), unclassified
galaxies with emission lines, and quiescent galaxies with no detectable line
emission. A deficit of emission line galaxies in the cluster environment is
indicated by both a lower frequency with respect to control samples, and by a
systematically lower Balmer emission line equivalent width and luminosity (up
to one order of magnitude in equivalent width with respect to control samples
for transition objects) that implies a lower amount of ionised gas per unit
mass and a lower star formation rate if the source is classified as Hii region.
A sizable population of transition objects and of low-luminosity LINERs
(approx. 10 - 20% of all emission line galaxies) is detected among WINGS
cluster galaxies. With respect to Hii sources they are a factor of approx. 1.5
more frequent than (or at least as frequent as) in control samples. Transition
objects and LINERs in cluster are most affected in terms of line equivalent
width by the environment and appear predominantly consistent with "retired"
galaxies. Shock heating can be a possible gas excitation mechanism able to
account for observed line ratios. Specific to the cluster environment, we
suggest interaction between atomic and molecular gas and the intracluster
medium as a possible physical cause of line-emitting shocks.Comment: Astronomy and Astrophysics, accepte
The concentration-mass relation of clusters of galaxies from the OmegaWINGS survey
The relation between a cosmological halo concentration and its mass (cMr) is
a powerful tool to constrain cosmological models of halo formation and
evolution. On the scale of galaxy clusters the cMr has so far been determined
mostly with X-ray and gravitational lensing data. The use of independent
techniques is helpful in assessing possible systematics. Here we provide one of
the few determinations of the cMr by the dynamical analysis of the
projected-phase-space distribution of cluster members. Based on the WINGS and
OmegaWINGS data sets, we used the Jeans analysis with the MAMPOSSt technique to
determine masses and concentrations for 49 nearby clusters, each of which has
~60 spectroscopic members or more within the virial region, after removal of
substructures. Our cMr is in statistical agreement with theoretical predictions
based on LambdaCDM cosmological simulations. Our cMr is different from most
previous observational determinations because of its flatter slope and lower
normalization. It is however in agreement with two recent cMr obtained using
the lensing technique on the CLASH and LoCuSS cluster data sets. In the future
we will extend our analysis to galaxy systems of lower mass and at higher
redshifts.Comment: Astronomy & Astrophysics in press. 11 pages, 6 figure
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