Integrated 9Be+ multi-qubit gate device for the ion-trap quantum computer

We demonstrate the experimental realization of a two-qubit Mølmer–Sørensen gate on a magnetic field-insensitive hyperfine transition in 9Be+ ions using microwave near-fields emitted by a single microwave conductor embedded in a surface-electrode ion trap. The design of the conductor was optimized to produce a high oscillating magnetic field gradient at the ion position. The measured gate fidelity is determined to be 98.2 ± 1.2% and is limited by technical imperfections, as is confirmed by a comprehensive numerical error analysis. The conductor design can potentially simplify the implementation of multi-qubit gates and represents a self-contained, scalable module for entangling gates within the quantum CCD architecture for an ion-trap quantum computer

Creation of double-well potentials in a surface-electrode trap towards a nanofriction model emulator

We demonstrate a microfabricated surface-electrode ion trap that is applicable as a nanofriction emulator and studies of many-body dynamics of interacting systems. The trap enables both single-well and double-well trapping potentials in the radial direction, where the distance between the two potential wells can be adjusted by the applied RF voltage. In the double-well configuration, parallel ion strings can be formed, which is a suitable system for the emulation of the Frenkel-Kontorova (FK) model. We derive the condition under which the trap functions as an FK model emulator. The trap is designed so that the Coulomb interaction between two ion strings becomes significant. We report on the microfabrication process for such downsized trap electrodes and experimental results of single-well and double-well operation with calcium ions. With the trap demonstrated in this work we can create atomically accessible, self-assembled Coulomb systems with a wide tuning range of the corrugation parameter in the FK model. This makes it a promising system for quantum simulations, but also for the study of nanofriction in one and higher dimensional systems

Multilayer ion trap technology for scalable quantum computing and quantum simulation

We present a novel ion trap fabrication method enabling the realization of multilayer ion traps scalable to an in principle arbitrary number of metal-dielectric levels. We benchmark our method by fabricating a multilayer ion trap with integrated three-dimensional microwave circuitry. We demonstrate ion trapping and microwave control of the hyperfine states of a laser cooled 9Be+ ion held at a distance of 35 above the trap surface. This method can be used to implement large-scale ion trap arrays for scalable quantum information processing and quantum simulation

Robust and Resource-Efficient Microwave Near-Field Entangling 9Be+ Gate

Microwave trapped-ion quantum logic gates avoid spontaneous emission as a fundamental source of decoherence. However, microwave two-qubit gates are still slower than laser-induced gates and hence more sensitive to fluctuations and noise of the motional mode frequency. We propose and implement amplitude-shaped gate drives to obtain resilience to such frequency changes without increasing the pulse energy per gate operation. We demonstrate the resilience by noise injection during a two-qubit entangling gate with $^9$Be$^+$ ion qubits. In absence of injected noise, amplitude modulation gives an operation infidelity in the $10^{-3}$ range

Análisis de uso de la Web de la Federación Aragonesa de Triatlón

El propósito de este trabajo es estudiar la evolución que la web de la Federación Aragonesa de Triatlón ha mantenido en un periodo de tiempo determinado, analizar la fuente de sus usuarios y sus necesidades para, así, proponer mejoras en la misma que faciliten, por un lado el uso de la página y, por otro, una mayor promoción de este deporte, objetivo fundamental de dicha federación. Como metodología se han analizado los ficheros web log recogidos durante enero-junio del 2013 y se han comparado con los recogidos durante el periodo enero-junio 2014, valorando la evolución de los mismos, secciones más visitadas, épocas de mayor actividad etc… También se ha hecho una equiparación con los resultados obtenidos por las web de otras federaciones territoriales con el propósito de tomas nota de las más exitosas y valorar la incidencia relativa de la página entre sus usuarios con respecto a los resultados del resto. Otro aspecto importante tenido en cuenta ha sido la penetración en la redes sociales (Facebook, twitter, etc…), especialmente el índice de respuesta (feedback)

Seed treatments for improved germination of caper (Capparis spinosa)

[EN] This study analyses the effects of seven treatments for removing hardseededness and four for breaking physiological dormancy in caper seeds. Seeds were germinated in a growth chamber and the maximum germination percentage, the time to reach 50% of final germination and the mean relative cumulative rate were calculated. The logistic function was suitable for analysing caper seed germination. Acid scarification followed by the addition of a GA(3) solution to the germination substrate was the best, efficient and cost effective method for ensuring satisfactory seed germination. Acid scarification can be substituted by mechanical scarification with ultrasound. hot water scarification or soaking, but these procedures require longer germination periods to reach satisfactory germination levels. The soaking method proved useful enough to remove hardseededness and it is also the most simple among the assayed treatments.Pascual España, B.; San Bautista Primo, A.; Imbernon, A.; López Galarza, SV.; Alagarda Pardo, J.; Maroto Borrego, JV. (2004). Seed treatments for improved germination of caper (Capparis spinosa). Seed Science and Technology. 32(2):637-642. doi:10.15258/sst.2004.32.2.33S63764232

Pepper Rootstock and Scion Physiological Responses Under Drought Stress

[EN] In vegetables, tolerance to drought can be improved by grafting commercial varieties onto drought tolerant rootstocks. Grafting has emerged as a tool that copes with drought stress. In previous results, the A25 pepper rootstock accession showed good tolerance to drought in fruit production terms compared with non-grafted plants and other rootstocks. The aim of this work was to study if short-term exposure to drought in grafted plants using A25 as a rootstock would show tolerance to drought now. To fulfill this objective, some physiological processes involved in roots (rootstock) and leaves (scion) of grafted pepper plants were analyzed. Pepper plants not grafted (A), self-grafted (A/A), and grafted onto a tolerant pepper rootstock A25 (A/A25) were grown under severe water stress induced by PEG addition (-0.55 MPa) or under control conditions for 7 days in hydroponic pure solution. According to our results, water stress severity was alleviated by using the A25 rootstock in grafted plants (A/A25), which indicated that mechanisms stimulated by roots are essential to withstand stress. A/A25 had a bigger root biomass compared with plants A and A/A that resulted in better water absorption, water retention capacity and a sustained CO2 assimilation rate. Consequently, plants A/A25 had a better carbon balance, supported by greater nitrate reductase activity located mainly in leaves. In the non-grafted and self-grafted plants, the photosynthesis rate lowered due to stomatal closure, which limited transpiration. Consequently, part of NO3- uptake was reduced in roots. This condition limited water uptake and CO2 fixation in plants A and A/A under drought stress, and accelerated oxidative damage by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and H2O2, which were highest in their leaves, indicating great sensitivity to drought stress and induced membrane lipid peroxidation. However, drought deleterious effects were slightly marked in plants A compared to A/A. To conclude, the A25 rootstock protects the scion against oxidative stress, which is provoked by drought, and shows better C and N balances that enabled the biomass to be maintained under water stress for short-term exposure, with higher yields in the field.This work has funded by INIA (Spain) through Project RTA2017-00030-C02-00 and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). LL-S is a beneficiary of a doctoral fellowship (FPI-INIA).Lopez-Serrano, L.; Canet-Sanchis, G.; Selak, G.; Penella-Casañ, C.; San Bautista Primo, A.; López Galarza, SV.; Calatayud, A. (2019). Pepper Rootstock and Scion Physiological Responses Under Drought Stress. Frontiers in Plant Science. 10:1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00038S11310. O. A., . N. O., & . Y. G. (2007). Effect of Grafting on Watermelon Plant Growth, Yield and Quality. 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Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(401), 1275-1282. doi:10.1093/jxb/erh132Liu, S., Li, H., Lv, X., Ahammed, G. J., Xia, X., Zhou, J., … Zhou, Y. (2016). Grafting cucumber onto luffa improves drought tolerance by increasing ABA biosynthesis and sensitivity. Scientific Reports, 6(1). doi:10.1038/srep20212Loggini, B., Scartazza, A., Brugnoli, E., & Navari-Izzo, F. (1999). Antioxidative Defense System, Pigment Composition, and Photosynthetic Efficiency in Two Wheat Cultivars Subjected to Drought. Plant Physiology, 119(3), 1091-1100. doi:10.1104/pp.119.3.1091Martı́nez-Ballesta, M. C., Martı́nez, V., & Carvajal, M. (2004). Osmotic adjustment, water relations and gas exchange in pepper plants grown under NaCl or KCl. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 52(2), 161-174. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.01.012Martinez-Rodriguez, M. M., Estañ, M. T., Moyano, E., Garcia-Abellan, J. O., Flores, F. B., Campos, J. F., … Bolarín, M. C. (2008). The effectiveness of grafting to improve salt tolerance in tomato when an ‘excluder’ genotype is used as scion. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 63(1-3), 392-401. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.12.007Munns, R., Husain, S., Rivelli, A. R., James, R. A., Condon, A. G. T., Lindsay, M. P., … Hare, R. A. (2002). Avenues for increasing salt tolerance of crops, and the role of physiologically based selection traits. Progress in Plant Nutrition: Plenary Lectures of the XIV International Plant Nutrition Colloquium, 93-105. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-2789-1_7Navarro, J. M., Garrido, C., Martínez, V., & Carvajal, M. (2003). Water relations and xylem transport of nutrients in pepper plants grown under two different salts stress regimes. Plant Growth Regulation, 41(3), 237-245. doi:10.1023/b:grow.0000007515.72795.c5Orsini, F., Sanoubar, R., Oztekin, G. B., Kappel, N., Tepecik, M., Quacquarelli, C., … Gianquinto, G. (2013). Improved stomatal regulation and ion partitioning boosts salt tolerance in grafted melon. Functional Plant Biology, 40(6), 628. doi:10.1071/fp12350Penella, C., Landi, M., Guidi, L., Nebauer, S. G., Pellegrini, E., Bautista, A. S., … Calatayud, A. (2016). Salt-tolerant rootstock increases yield of pepper under salinity through maintenance of photosynthetic performance and sinks strength. Journal of Plant Physiology, 193, 1-11. doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2016.02.007Penella, C., Nebauer, S. G., López-Galarza, S., Quiñones, A., San Bautista, A., & Calatayud, Á. (2017). Grafting pepper onto tolerant rootstocks: An environmental-friendly technique overcome water and salt stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 226, 33-41. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.08.020Penella, C., Nebauer, S. G., López-Galarza, S., SanBautista, A., Rodríguez-Burruezo, A., & Calatayud, A. (2014). Evaluation of some pepper genotypes as rootstocks in water stress conditions. 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Numerical optimization of amplitude-modulated pulses in microwave-driven entanglement generation

Microwave control of trapped ions can provide an implementation of high-fidelity two-qubit gates free from errors induced by photon scattering. Furthermore, microwave conductors may be embedded into a scalable trap structure, providing the chip-level integration of control that is desirable for scaling. Recent developments have demonstrated how amplitude modulation of the gate drive can permit a two-qubit entangling operation to become robust against motional mode noise and other experimental imperfections. Here, we discuss a method for the numerical optimization of the microwave pulse envelope to produce gate pulses with improved resilience, faster operation and higher energy efficiency

Health status and productivity of sheep fed coffee pulp during fattening

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and health of fattening lambs fed different levels of coffee pulp in their diets. Thirty-five crossbred lambs with an average weight of 21.8 kg were fed isoproteic and isoenergetic diets with different percentages of coffee pulp (T0: control; T1: 7%; T2: 14%, T3: 21% and T4: 28%), the base diet was formulated with corn, soybean meal, alfalfa stubble, molasses, urea and mineral salt. The fattening period was 98 days. Productivity was measured by weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion. At the beginning and end of the study, blood samples were taken to determine the health status using a biochemical profile and blood count. Analysis of variance was performed using the initial weight as the covariate for the productive variables and the initial values of the analytes in the blood chemistry and hematological analysis tests. The coffee pulp did not affect productivity, although the amount of neutrophils decreased (P<0.05) as the coffee pulp in the diet increased. In all treatments, urea exceeded the reference values, whereas creatinine was below the reference values. We concluded that the inclusion of up to 28% coffee pulp in the diet did not affect the productive parameters, decreases the neutrophil count without affect health status of lambs during fattening