A new (and questionable) institute to guarantee the right of access to the high seas: the Junction Area established in Croatian territorial sea

This paper analyses the Junction Area created by the Arbitral Tribunal which, in June 2017, released its Final Award on the territorial and maritime dispute between Croatia and Slovenia. Although the Area is established in Croatian territorial sea, all ships and aircraft passing through this zone to go to or come from Slovenia, enjoy some freedoms of communications which are \uabexercisable as if they were high seas freedoms exercisable in an exclusive economic zone\ubb. Firstly, this Junction Area is analysed as an institute aiming to guarantee Slovenia\u2019s right of access to and from the high seas: it represents a crucial innovation within the regime of states, such as land-locked and geographically disadvantaged states, having a limited access to the sea, and it might have some meaningful consequences in their future discipline. Secondly, the comparison between the Junction Area and other institutes of the international law of the sea consents to point out some shortcomings of the zone created by the Arbitral Tribunal. As the discipline of the exclusive economic zone represents the main element characterising the regime of this Area, the freedoms of communication recognised within this zone go significantly beyond what is strictly necessary to assure communication between Slovenia\u2019s territorial waters and the high seas, and this results in some meaningful restrictions on Croatia\u2019s sovereignty

Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement of Work

Recently, as work styles have diversified due to the corona crisis, there is a growing interest in improving employee loyalty and engagement. There are concerns that remote work will weaken the bonds between employees and reduce job satisfaction. Therefore, companies are implementing their own work style initiatives, providing support and devising ways to enable employees to work in an environment that suits their wishes, whether at home or in the office. This paper examines the sense of belonging, motivation, and engagement of employees, including their life career, in the sense of working at a company. Employee health and happiness are related to company performance（stock price rise, ROE）, productivity and creativity. When employees feel a sense of belonging, they become more attached to the company and less likely to leave the company. The retention rate will improve if employees who are attached to their work for a long time increases. The result is a stable work environment that increases employee belonging, motivation, and engagement. You can have an attachment to wanting to work in that workplace.departmental bulletin pape

lactiflorum

Epilobium lactiflorum Haussknechtwhiteflower willowherbépilobe à fleurs blanchesEpilobium alpinumGoat Lakeopen, rocky scree slope, S.E. facing, dry7700 fee

glandulosa

Drymocallis glandulosa (Lindley) Rydberg var. glandulosaDouglas' wood beautypotentille glanduleusePotentilla glandulosaAnaconda Range. S.E. slope of Mt. Tiny above Storm lakeS.E. slope8300 fee

The General Comment No. 24 (2017) on State obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities

This contribution aims to give a brief analysis of the General Comment No 24 (2017) on state obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in the context of business activities, adopted by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The analysis will be focused on some of the most interesting aspects of the General Comment. The first part will analyse the states\u2019 obligations to protect human rights against violations perpetrated by third parties, which plays a seminal role as to the prevention of harms committed by business entities. The second part of the contribution will be focused on the extraterritorial dimension of states\u2019 obligations stemming from the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: indeed, this dimension receives an unprecedented recognition in the General Comment No 24 (2017)

I principali orientamenti della giurisprudenza della Corte Europea dei Diritti dell\u2019Uomo in materia di libert\ue0 religiosa

Il contributo mira ad individuare le principali tendenze della giurisprudenza della Corte europea dei diritti dell'uomo in materia di libert\ue0 religiosa con particolare attenzione alla questione relativa all'utilizzo dei simboli religiosi e ai limiti legittimamente applicabili al loro utilizz

The Recognition of the Right to Cultural Identity Some Prospects to Reinforce Migrants\u2019 Protection

This article aims to study the protection assured to cultural identity of migrant people under international human rights law. The analysis stresses the relevant prospects opened in the light of interpretation elaborated by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights on the right to take part in cultural life. In the recent years, the Committee has come to conceive the right of cultural identity as a right which, while keeping a collective dimension, must be recognised to every single individual; this interpretation opens the way to overcome the traditional interpretation protecting cultural identity only in favour of persons belonging to national minorities, and indigenous people

The ASEAN Declaration of Human Rights as a Case of Human Rights Translation

The Chapter proposes a comparison between the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Declaration on Human Rights adopted in 2012 by the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). This comparison aims to show the extent to which the ADHR makes reference and accepts the human rights principles defined at the universal level, and, conversely, to what degree it expresses the cultural specificities of ASEAN. This analysis is carried out by making reference to the complicated relationship between the universality of human rights and the respect of cultural diversity

The Dogan et al. v. Turkey: a missed opportunity to recognise positive obligations as regards the freedom of religion

In the Doğan et al. v. Turkey case (judgment of 26 April 2016, no. 62649/10), the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights decided on an application made by several Turkish citizens belonging to the Alevi faith. They complained not to be able to enjoy the same guarantees granted to citizens of the Sunni branch of Islam because national authorities do not acknowledge the cultural features of their faith. The Court found a breach of Art. 9 of the European Convention of Human Rights, alone and in conjunction with Art. 14. However, the decision is not immune from criticism in the part concerning the violation of the freedom of religion. Although the applicants made specific reference to positive obligations stemming from freedom of religion, the Court did not deal with this aspect, and displayed a degree of caution when defining the content of substantive positive obligations stemming from the right to freedom of religion. After summarizing the Court’s reasoning, this paper will analyse the case-law on positive obligations concerning the freedom of religion and will show its main problematic features

Gli accomodamenti ragionevoli in materia di libertà religiosa tra giurisprudenza della Corte europea e della Corte canadese

After analysing the features of the duty to reasonable accommodation, applied by the Supreme Court of Canada in relation to religion practises, the article aims to underline that the reasonable accommodation supposes an inclusive notion of State neutrality. This notion, while imposing to State authorities an attitude of impartiality towards religious convictions, does not imply the complete exclusion of religion from the public sphere. The second part of the article focuses on the jurisprudence elaborated by the European Court of Human Rights with regard to the manifestation of religious identity in the workplace. While recognising the principle of non discrimination, the Court seems really hesitant to identify a duty to accommodate in relation to religion practises. According to the thesis argued in the article, this trend is strictly linked with the principles elaborated by the Court on the State neutrality and on the religious pluralism of the public sphere. With special regard to the wearing of religious symbols the Court has been admitting some significant restrictions to the manifestation of religious identity in the public area