41 research outputs found

    OSEK OS Kernel Mechanisms for Reducing Dynamic Memory Usage

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    Authors' final versionWhile the ever-increasing complexity of automotive software systems can be effectively managed through the adoption of a reliable real-time operating system (RTOS), it may incur additional resource usage to a resultant system. Due to the mass production nature of the automotive industry, reducing physical resources used by automotive software is of the utmost importance for cost reduction. OSEK OS is an automotive real-time kernel standard specifically defined to address this issue. Thus, it is very important to develop and exploit kernel mechanisms such that they can achieve minimal resource usage in the OSEK OS implementation. In this paper, we analyze the task subsystem, resource subsystem, application mode and conformance classes of OSEK OS as well as the OSEK Implementation Language (OIL). Based on our analysis, we in turn devise and implement kernel mechanisms to minimize the dynamic memory usage of the OSEK OS implementation. Finally, we show that our mechanisms effectively reduce the memory usage of OSEK OS and applications.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2009-01/102/0000004193/8SEQ:8PERF_CD:SNU2009-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000004193ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A005174DEPT_CD:4541CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:08_ksae_osek.pdfDEPT_NM:์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

    [์ด์Šˆ๋ถ„์„] ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ์˜ ์ผยทํ•™์Šต๋ณ‘ํ–‰์ œ์˜ ํ˜„์•ˆ๊ณผ ์ •์ฐฉยท๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ธ

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    โ… . ์„œ๋ก  โ…ก. ํ•™์œ„์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• ์ผยทํ•™์Šต๋ณ‘ํ–‰์ œ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํ˜„์•ˆ ๋ฐ ๊ฐœ์„ ์  1. ์ผยทํ•™์Šต๋ณ‘ํ–‰์ œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—… ์„ ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ 2. ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์‹œ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์‚ฌํ•ญ 3. ์ผยทํ•™์Šต๋ณ‘ํ–‰์ œ์™€ ํŠน์„ฑํ™”๊ณ  ํ•™์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์™€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 4. ํ˜„์žฅ์ง€๋„๊ต์ˆ˜์˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ ์š”๊ฑด โ…ข. ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ณผ์ œ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ

    Per-Client Network Performance Isolation in VDE-based Cloud Computing Servers

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    Authors' final versionIn a cloud server where multiple virtual machines owned by different clients are cohosted, excessive traffic generated by a small group of clients may well jeopardize the quality of service of other clients. It is thus very important to provide per-client network performance isolation in a cloud computing environment. Unfortunately, the existing techniques are not effective enough for a huge cloud computing system since it is difficult to adopt them in a large scale and they often require non-trivial modification to the established network protocols. To overcome such difficulties, we propose per-client network performance isolation using VDE (Virtual Distributed Ethernet) as a base framework. Our approach begins with per-client weight specification and support client-aware fair share scheduling and packet dispatching for both incoming and outgoing traffic. It also provides hierarchical fairness between a client and its virtual machines. Our approach supports full virtualization of a guest OS, wide scale adoption, limited modification to the existing system, low run-time overhead and work-conserving servicing. Our experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Every client received at least 99.4% of its bandwidth share as specified by its weight.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000004193/4SEQ:4PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000004193ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A005174DEPT_CD:4541CITE_RATE:.175FILENAME:11-12-23 JISE-VDE.pdfDEPT_NM:์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:YCONFIRM:

    Per-Client Network Performance Isolation in VDE-basedPer-Client Network Performance Isolation in VDE-based Cloud Data Centers: FS-VDE

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    Authors' final versionํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ณ„์ธต์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋Œ€์˜ ์„œ๋ฒ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์„œ๋ฒ„๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ์—๊ฒŒ ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณต์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์ƒ ๋จธ์‹ ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋ฒ„์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋งํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋ณด์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋… ์—†์ด TCP ํ๋ฆ„ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋งŒ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์„ค๋น„์™€ ๊ฒŒ์ŠคํŠธ OS์— ์ˆ˜์ •์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„์ž…์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์„ ํ• ๋‹นํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” FS-VDE๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์†ก์‹  ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‰์ดํ•‘ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์‹  ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํด๋ฆฌ์‹ฑ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋งŒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๋„์ž…์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” FS-VDE๋ฅผ Linux ์ƒ์— ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์†ก์‹  ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์‹  ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ๊ฐ 99.4%, 96.5% ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Š” ๋‹จ 5%์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.A cloud data center consists of thousands of servers connected by a hierarchical network. Each server runs multiple virtual machines owned by different clients. Since several virtual machines share network links, it is important to provide for per-client network performance isolation for quality of service guarantees. Unfortunately, existing network performance isolation techniques provide only per-flow isolation without the notion of clients and thus are not effective for a cloud data center. Moreover, these techniques lack scalability as they require non-trivial modification to legacy network equipment and the protocol stack of a guest OS. In this paper, we propose FS-VDE, a mechanism that assigns each client a weight and allocates it network bandwidth proportional to the weight. To do so, our approach performs outgoing traffic shaping and incoming traffic policing. FS-VDE can be widely adopted since it only requires limited modification to the host OS. We have implemented the proposed mechanism in Linux and measured the throughput of clients. Experimental results show that each client receives 99.4% and 96.5% of desired outgoing and incoming bandwidth, as specified by its weight, respectively. This result was achieved with only 5% of performance overhead.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000004193/3SEQ:3PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000004193ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A005174DEPT_CD:4541CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:12-03-12 ์ •๋ณด๊ณผํ•™ํšŒ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ง€ - FS-VDE.pdfDEPT_NM:์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

    Virtual Runtime based Load Balancing Algorithm for Guaranteeing Fairness on Multicore Systems

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    Authors' final version๋ฆฌ๋ˆ…์Šค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์Šค์ผ€์ค„๋Ÿฌ์ธ CFS๋Š” ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์„œ๋ฒ„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๊ทน๋„๋กœ ์ปค์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ CFS์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ๊นŠ์€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๋ณด์žฅ์˜ ์‹คํŒจ์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ virtual runtime ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋กœ๋“œ ๋ฐธ๋Ÿฐ์‹ฑ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ํƒœ์Šคํฌ๋“ค์˜ virtual runtime ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์šด๋“œ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์Šคํฌ ์ด์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ธ์ ‘ํ•œ ๋‘ CPU์˜ load ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์ดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋ฐ”์šด๋“œ ํ•˜๊ณ , virtual runtime์ด ํฐ ํƒœ์Šคํฌ๋“ค์„ load๊ฐ€ ํฐ CPU์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ๋ฆฌ๋ˆ…์Šค ์ปค๋„ 2.6.38.8 ์ƒ์— ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด CFS์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ virtual runtime ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐ˜ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ 50.53 ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ virtual runtime ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”์šด๋“œ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ณ ์ž‘ 0.14%์˜ ๋Ÿฐํƒ€์ž„ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ํ—ค๋“œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐ์‹œํ‚ด์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.While the primary task scheduler of Linux, CFS, is widely adopted for the large-scale cloud system, it cannot provide a desired level of fairness when a system scales up to an extreme degree. This paper formally analyzes the behavior of CFS to precisely characterize the reason why it fails to achieve the fairness in multicore systems. Based on the analysis, we present a virtual runtime-based load balancing algorithm which directly bounds the maximum virtual runtime difference among tasks by periodically migrating tasks. In doing so, it bounds the load difference between two adjacent cores by the largest weight in the task set and makes the core with larger virtual runtimes receive a larger load and thus runs more slowly. We have implemented the algorithm into Linux kernel 2.6.38.8. Experimental results show that the maximal virtual runtime difference is 50.53 time units while incurring only 0.14% of run-time overhead comparing to CFS.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000004193/2SEQ:2PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000004193ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A005174DEPT_CD:4541CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:(2011์ถ”๊ณ„ ์šฐ์ˆ˜๋ฐœํ‘œ๋…ผ๋ฌธ) 11-12-12 ์ •๋ณด๊ณผํ•™ํšŒ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ง€ CPL-ํ—ˆ์Šน์ฃผ - ์ตœ์ข…๋ณธ.pdfDEPT_NM:์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

    A Design and Implementation of SSD Software Platform Simulator for In-Storage Processing

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    Authors' final versionIn-storage processing(ISP)๋Š” ์ €์žฅ ์žฅ์น˜์šฉ I/O ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๋ณ‘๋ชฉํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ „์ฒด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ €ํ•˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ์˜ ํ”Œ๋ž˜์‹œ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ €์žฅ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์†ก ์†๋„๊ฐ€ I/O ์ธํ„ฐํŽ˜์ด์Šค์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ISP์˜ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ๋”์šฑ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด๋‚˜ ์‘์šฉ์— ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ SSD์— ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์šฉ์  ์‘์šฉ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ISP๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ SSD ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์€ ISP ์‘์šฉ์˜ ๋™์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด๋ฒคํŠธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋™์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ™•์žฅ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋จผ์ € ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋Š” SSD ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํ™•์žฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ISP๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‘์šฉ์˜ ์‘๋‹ต ์†๋„๊ฐ€ 52.7% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ SSD์— ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.In-storage processing (ISP) was developed to solve the performance degradation problem of I/O interface. Recently, the problem is getting worse because the speed of internal data bus of SSD has been improved much more than that of I/O interfaces. However, it is hard to use the existing ISP mechanisms for SSD because they aimed on specific systems or applications. In this paper, we propose SSD software platform to solve this problem. By using the proposed platform, user can dynamically install and remove various ISP applications and extend functionality through event service. We first propose a programming model and then design a SSD software platform. Finally, we implement a platform simulator and perform experiments to verify its performance enhancement and functional extensibility. The results show that the average response time of applications with ISP are decreased by 52.7% compared to that of without ISP. Also, user can dynamically attach a new functionality to SSD.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000004193/7SEQ:7PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000004193ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A005174DEPT_CD:4541CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:In-Storage Processing์„ ์œ„ํ•œ SSD ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๊ตฌํ˜„_0.pdfDEPT_NM:์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

    DVFS์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์˜ CPU ์†Œ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ ˆ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„

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    Authors' final manuscriptOAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000004193/6SEQ:6PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000004193ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A005174DEPT_CD:4541CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:12_์ •๋ณด๊ณผํ•™ํšŒ์ง€_์ €์ „๋ ฅ.pdfDEPT_NM:์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

    Lectin binding patterns in nasal mucosa of growing guinea pig

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ž„์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์•„์™€ ์„ฑ์ธ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ด๋น„์ธํ›„๊ณผ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ”ํ•œ ์งˆํ™˜ ์ค‘์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋น„์—ผ๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋น„๋“ฑ์—ผ์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘์œจ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž„์ƒ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๋ฐ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ์•„์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ƒ์•…๋“ฑ ์ž์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋น„๊ต์  ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์†Œ์•„์˜ ๋น„์ ๋ง‰ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์•„์ง ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„์ ๋ง‰ ๋‹น๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœํ˜„์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์†Œ์•„์—ฐ๋ น์ธต์—์„œ ๋น„๊ณผ์  ๊ฐ์—ผ์ด ์ž˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์›์ธ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” guinea pig์˜ ๋น„์ ๋ง‰์— ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹น๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ lectin์กฐ์งํ™”ํ•™๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ถœ์ƒํ›„ ์—ฐ๋ น ๋ฐ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1) Con-A, RCA-I ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์ƒํ›„ 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, DBA ๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ์ƒํ›„ 7์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜ธํก ์ ๋ง‰์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2) UEA-I, WGA ๋ฐ SBA๋Š” ์ƒํ›„ 1์ผ์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ•์ €, ๋น„์ค‘๊ฒฉํ•˜๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์•…๊ณจ๊ฐ‘๊ฐœ ์ ๋ง‰ ์ƒํ”ผ์—์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ UEA-I๊ณผ WGA๋Š” ์ƒํ›„ 3์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, SBA๋Š” ์ƒํ›„ 7์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜ธํก์ ๋ง‰์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3) ํ›„๊ฐ์ ๋ง‰์• ์„œ๋Š” ์ƒํ›„ 1์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ PNA, WGA, Con-A์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ƒํ›„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ๋ณด์•„, ๋‹น๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์˜ ๋น„์ ๋ง‰๋‚ด ๋ฐœํ˜„์‹œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ณ„ ๋ถ„ํฌ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ guinea pig์™€ ์ƒํ›„ ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋น„์ ๋ง‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. Lectin binding patterns in nasal mucosa of growing guinea pig Seong Soo Hong Department of Medical Science The Graduate School,Yonsei University (Directed by Professor In Yong Park) Clinically there are differences in the pathophysiologic patterns of the infectious diseases of nasal mucosa, especially of rhinitis and sinusitis, according to growth. But acceptable explanation of such differences is not established except the anatomical cause such as relative larger size of the natural ostium of naxillary sinus in childhood. Glycoprotein is the one of the most important substances for defense mechanism and transmitter of intercellular information. We can postulate that if there is differences in distribution of glycoproteins according to the growth, it might be one of the immunohistochemical clues to understand the differences of the pathophysiologic pattern. This study is designed to observe the distributions of glycoproteins in nasal mucosa of guinea pig according to the age and sites, using lectin immunohistochemistry. The significant results obtained ape are follows: 1) Con-A and RCA-I binding were noted since birth and DBA was noted from the seventh day after birth in all respiratory mucosa. 2) UEA-1, WGA and SBA binding were observed at nasal floor. lower septum and maxilloturbinate since birth. UEA-I and WGA binding were noted from the third day after birth and SBA binding was noted from the seventh day after birth in ethmoturbinate and upper septum. 3) PNA, WGA and Con-A binding were noted since birth in olfactory mucosa. From above results, the patterns of appearance and distribution of glycoproteins seems to contribute the funotion of the nasal mucosa of growing guinea pig. [์˜๋ฌธ] Clinically there are differences in the pathophysiologic patterns of the infectious diseases of nasal mucosa, especially of rhinitis and sinusitis, according to growth. But acceptable explanation of such differences is not established except the anatomical cause such as relative larger size of the natural ostium of naxillary sinus in childhood. Glycoprotein is the one of the most important substances for defense mechanism and transmitter of intercellular information. We can postulate that if there is differences in distribution of glycoproteins according to the growth, it might be one of the immunohistochemical clues to understand the differences of the pathophysiologic pattern. This study is designed to observe the distributions of glycoproteins in nasal mucosa of guinea pig according to the age and sites, using lectin immunohistochemistry. The significant results obtained ape are follows: 1) Con-A and RCA-I binding were noted since birth and DBA was noted from the seventh day after birth in all respiratory mucosa. 2) UEA-1, WGA and SBA binding were observed at nasal floor. lower septum and maxilloturbinate since birth. UEA-I and WGA binding were noted from the third day after birth and SBA binding was noted from the seventh day after birth in ethmoturbinate and upper septum. 3) PNA, WGA and Con-A binding were noted since birth in olfactory mucosa. From above results, the patterns of appearance and distribution of glycoproteins seems to contribute the funotion of the nasal mucosa of growing guinea pig.restrictio

    Software Platform Architecture for Smart Car Connected Safety and Vehicular Cloud Computing

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    Author's final manuscript์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์„ผ์„œ์™€ ์ „์ž ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์„ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์‹œ์ผœ ์šด์ „์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ-IT ์œตํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ์ธํฌํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ณต์žก๋„์™€ ์™„์„ฑ๋„๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’์•„์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์•„ํ‚คํ…์ฒ˜์™€ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์•„์ง ์ •๋ฆฝ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์นด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๊ณผ ์ธํฌํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์„๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๊ฐ€ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธ์นด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ œ์–ด ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ connected safety๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์™€ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ IT ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œ์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์—ฐ๋™์‹œ์ผœ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ณ  ์ง€๋Šฅํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ปจํ…์ธ ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ๋‚œ๋ฆฝ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ธํฌํ…Œ์ธ๋จผํŠธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ œ์•ฝ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด์„  ๋ง์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์˜ํฌํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์›น ์‘์šฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ๊ณผ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์บ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.The objective of recent vehicle-IT convergence is to provide safety and convenience for drivers by integrating multiple intelligent sensors and electronic devices in the vehicular software platform environment of a smartcar. Two key enabling electronic technologies for smartcars are intellignent safety and infotainment. Since these are subject to an extremely high level of technical complexity and completeness, it is necessary to develop and integrate various types of intelligent vehicular control algorithms. Unfortunately, software platform architecture and associated mechanims for such intelligent control algorithms have not been established yet. In this paper, we analyze technical challenges that arise in designing and developing intelligent safety and infotainment systems for future smartcars. We then present two software platforms that effectively address such technical challenges. The first is an intergrated control algorithms platform. It consists of the implementation of various connected safety algorithms for smartcars and an operating environment. The platform makes use of various vehicular networking technologies to provide vehicle control systems with a variety of contextual and location aware information. The second is a vehicular cloud computing platform. It allows for seamless services of diverse media contents inside a smartcar. When designing such a platform, we aim to overcome a problem caused by a fragmented automotive infotainment software platform market and the problem of network instability and insufficient wireless network bandwidth. They are serious constraints that will be imposed on future vehicular infotaiment systems. In doing so, we propose a web application-based platform and in-vehicular cloud cache to respectively address each of the problems.OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2012-01/102/0000004193/5SEQ:5PERF_CD:SNU2012-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000004193ADJUST_YN:YEMP_ID:A005174DEPT_CD:4541CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:12-05-18 SKTR - ํ™์„ฑ์ˆ˜.pdfDEPT_NM:์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]_YN:NCONFIRM:

    ๋ฉ€ํ‹ฐ์ฝ”์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ Virtual Runtime ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋กœ๋“œ ๋ฐธ๋Ÿฐ์‹ฑ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜

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    OAIID:oai:osos.snu.ac.kr:snu2011-01/102/0000004193/4SEQ:4PERF_CD:SNU2011-01EVAL_ITEM_CD:102USER_ID:0000004193ADJUST_YN:NEMP_ID:A005174DEPT_CD:4541CITE_RATE:0FILENAME:11-09-07 ์ •๋ณด๊ณผํ•™ํšŒ - CFS ๋กœ๋“œ ๋ฐธ๋Ÿฐ์‹ฑ_์ถœํŒ์šฉ.pdfDEPT_NM:์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€EMAIL:[email protected]:
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