10 research outputs found

    IEEE 802.15.4 ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—์„œ ๋™์ผ ์ฑ„๋„ ๊ฐ„์„ญ ํšŒํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2012. 2. ์ด์šฉํ™˜.Demand for short-distance wireless services has dramatically increased the use of 2.4 GHz unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) spectrum band, making the coexistence of heterogeneous communication systems much complicated. IEEE 802.15.4 is a standardized specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) operating in the ISM band and is under consideration as a communication protocol for sensor networks. However, recent works have shown that IEEE 802.15.4 WPAN is quite susceptible to the presence of interference from coexisting radio systems such as IEEE 802.11x wireless local area networks (WLANs). Nevertheless, IEEE 802.15.4 and its variations do not employ an interference alleviation mechanism (e.g., channel hand-off). In this thesis, we first investigate conventional interference avoidance schemes. It is shown that the conventional schemes may not work properly in the presence of multiple interference sources. We consider the performance improvement of IEEE 802.15.4 systems by means of channel hand-off in the presence of co-channel interference from other systems. To this end, the proposed scheme first detects the presence of co-channel interference by means of transmission performance testing and channel sensing in a distributed manner. The network coordinator can reliably notify the presence of co-channel interference to its child nodes by repeatedly broadcasting the channel hand-off command. The hand-off candidate channels are predetermined in consideration of the characteristics of interference signal. The proposed scheme finally determines the hand-off channel after the performance measurement of transmission through the hand-off candidate channels. The recovery time can be reduced by temporarily turning off the duty-cycling during the channel hand-off process. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme significantly outperforms conventional schemes even in the presence of heavy interferences.์ตœ๊ทผ ์œ ๋น„์ฟผํ„ฐ์Šค ๋ฌด์„  ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์š”๋Š” 2.4 GHz ๋น„๋ฉดํ—ˆ ๋Œ€์—ญ์˜ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ข… ํ†ต์‹  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ„ ๊ณต์กด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. IEEE 802.15.4๋Š” ISM ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ €์† ๋ฌด์„  ๊ฐœ์ธ ์˜์—ญ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด๋ฉฐ ์„ผ์„œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ†ต์‹  ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทผ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€ IEEE 802.15.4 ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ IEEE 802.11x ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋ฌด์„ ๋žœ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ข… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์— ๋งค์šฐ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•จ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ IEEE 802.15.4์™€ IEEE 802.15.4e๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ„์„ญ ์™„ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ IEEE 802.15.4g๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์œจ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ด๋“์„ ์ €ํ•˜์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฐ„์„ญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋”์šฑ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋จผ์ € ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฐ„์„ญ ํšŒํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋†’์€ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฐ„์„ญ ์›์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฐ„์„ญ ํšŒํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ๋ฐํžŒ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” WLAN๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด ๊ธฐ์ข… ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋™์ผ ์ฑ„๋„ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ IEEE 802.15.4 ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๋จผ์ € ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์ „์†ก ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์ฑ„๋„ ์„ผ์‹ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ์ฑ„๋„ ๋‚ด ๊ฐ„์„ญ์˜ ์กด์žฌ ์œ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ฝ”๋””๋„ค์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ฑ„๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ์ปค๋งจ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์†ก(broadcast)ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทธ ์ž๋…€ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ†ต๋ณดํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ์ฑ„๋„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํšŒํ”ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„์„ญ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜๋ฉด, ์ฝ”๋””๋„ค์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ„์„ญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์•ฝ์†๋œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ํ›„๋ณด ์ฑ„๋„์„ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋„์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ฐ ํ›„๋ณด ์ฑ„๋„์˜ ์ „์†ก ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ฑ„๋„์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ„์„ญ ํšŒํ”ผ ๊ณผ์ • ๋™์•ˆ duty-cycling์„ ์ž„์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ๋ณต ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ์˜์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ WLAN์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•จ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€๋‹ค.Maste

    How Long Should We Monitor the Patient for Bleeding after Percutaneous Renal Biopsy?

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    Purpose: Percutaneous renal biopsy (PRB) may become complicated by serious bleeding. Overnight observation after renal biopsy is a standard safety strategy. Although it was recently reported that outpatient observation is safe, appropriate observation time after the renal biopsy is still in debate. We evaluated prospectively the incidence, onset time and risk factors of hemorrhagic complications to determine the optimal duration of observation after PRB. Methods: We enrolled 100 patients who underwent renal biopsy from October 2009 to April 2010 using the standard strategy. The biopsy was performed by two experienced nephrologists using 16-gauge spring-loaded biopsy gun under real-time ultrasound guidance. Serial color Doppler ultrasound was done immediately, 8 hours, 24 hours and 1 week after the PRB. Results: The 32 patients experienced hemorrhagic complications (32.0%, 10 with gross hematuria, 26 with hematoma, and 4 with both), and 1 major complication occurred 3 days after PRB. Baseline serum creatinine of the patient with the major complication was 6.0 mg/dL. Serum creatinine and BMI were higher in complication group (p<0.05). Number of needle passes, blood pressure, and degree of edema and proteinuria were not related to the complication. In multivariate analysis, serum creatinine was the only significant risk factor of complication (p=0.007). Hemorrhagic complications developed in 9 patients (28.1%) between 8 and 24 hours after PRB, all of which were minor. Conclusion: The 8 hours observation time after renal biopsy may be deemed appropriate for stable patients with normal creatinine.Y

    The Effect of Theater Servicescapes of Performance Tourism on Customer's Emotional Response, Attitude, and Behavioral Intention

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