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    ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์•„ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ์œ ์•„๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต, 2022. 8. ์ตœ๋‚˜์•ผ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ์ธ์‹์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋‚ดยท์™ธ์  ์š”์ธ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐํž˜์œผ๋กœ์จ ์™ธ์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด์  ์š”์ธ์ธ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.The objectives of this study are 1) to examine the actual status and awareness of Korean education by Korean-Chinese parents, 2) explore the correlations among Korean-Chinese parental cultural maintenance๏ผŒKorean use at home, children`s interest in Korean, children`s Korean proficiency, 3) to investigate the effect of Korean-Chinese parental cultural maintenance๏ผŒKorean use at home, children`s interest in Korean on children`s Korean proficiency, 4) to identify the sequential mediating effect of Korean use at home and children`s interest in Korean on the relations between Korean-Chinese parental cultural maintenance and children`s Korean proficiency.I ์„œ๋ก  1 1.1 ๋ฌธ์ œ์ œ๊ธฐ 1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ์ œ 7 1.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 8 II ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 9 2.1 ๊ณ„์Šน์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ํŠน์„ฑ 9 2.2 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ณ„์Šน์–ด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด 12 2.2.1 ๋””์•„์Šคํฌ๋ผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ 12 2.2.2 ์ค‘๊ตญ ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ด๋™ 14 2.2.3 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก์‹คํƒœ 18 2.2.4 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 21 2.3 ์ด์ค‘์–ธ์–ด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ณ„์Šน์–ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ 22 2.3.1 ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€ 23 2.3.2 ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ๊ณ„์Šน์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ 25 2.3.3 ์œ ์•„์˜ ๊ณ„์Šน์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„ 28 III ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 31 3.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ 31 3.1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ถ„ํฌ 31 3.1.2 ์œ ์•„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ •๋ณด 32 3.1.3 ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ •๋ณด 33 3.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 35 3.2.1 ์œ ์•„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ 35 3.2.2 ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ 38 3.3 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 42 3.4 ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„ 44 IV ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ 45 4.1 ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„ 45 4.1.1 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ์ธ์‹ 45 4.1.2 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„ ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ 50 4.1.3 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ 51 4.2 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€, ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ์œ  ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„, ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ 52 4.3 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€, ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ์œ  ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 53 4.3.1 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์ด ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 54 4.3.2 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 55 4.3.3 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 56 4.4 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 57 4.4.1 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 57 4.4.2 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 59 4.4.3 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 61 V ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  65 5.1 ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 65 5.2 ์˜์˜ ๋ฐ ์ œํ•œ์  72 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 75 Abstract 121 ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ํ•œ์กฑ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ถ”์„ธ์™€ ์—ฐํ‰๊ท ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจ(1953๋…„-2020๋…„) 15 ์ œ 4, 5, 6,7 ์ฐจ ์ธ๊ตฌ์„ผ์„œ์Šค ์ค‘ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋น„์œจ 16 ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ง€์—ญ ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ด๋™์˜ ํ๋ฆ„ 17 ์—ฐ๋ณ€์ง€์—ญ ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ์ธ๊ตฌ์ด๋™์˜ ์›์ธ 18 ์—ฐ๋ณ€์กฐ์„ ์กฑ์ž์น˜์ฃผ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ์œ ์น˜์› ์„ค๋ฆฝ ์ƒํ™ฉ 19 ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„ ํ•œ๊ธ€ํ•™๊ต ํ˜„ํ™ฉ(2022.04.21.) 20 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ถ„ํฌ ์ง€์—ญ 31 ์œ ์•„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ •๋ณด 33 ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ •๋ณด 34 ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 35 ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ณ„ ๋ฌธํ•ญ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 36 ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ธ์‹ ์„ค๋ฌธ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 39 ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 40 ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฌธํ•ญ 41 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก ์‹คํƒœ 46 ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹ 48 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ ์ˆ˜ 51 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ 52 ์ฃผ์š”๋ณ€์ธ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„ 53 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์ด ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 54 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 55 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ 56 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 57 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 58 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 59 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 60 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 62 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ 63 ๊ทธ ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 8 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ • ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 59 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 61 ์กฐ์„ ์กฑ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์œ ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๊ณผ ์œ ์•„์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์ •์˜ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์˜ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์  ๋งค๊ฐœํšจ๊ณผ 64 ๋ถ€ ๋ก ๋ชฉ ์ฐจ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์šฉ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€(ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด) 85 ๋ถ€๋ชจ์šฉ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€(์ค‘๊ตญ์–ด) 91 ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณ„ ์ฑ„์ ํ‘œ 96 ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ์ฑ„์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ํ‘œ 97 ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ง€ 106 ์œ ์•„ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„ ์ฑ„์ ํ‘œ 120์„

    A study on painterly account expression of The strange spaces utilizing Three Disances Spaces

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋™์–‘ํ™”๊ณผ, 2017. 2. ๊น€๋ณ‘์ข….๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ 2012๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2016๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ '์ƒ์ƒ(ๆƒณๅƒ)', '๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„(็ฉบ้–“)'์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ผ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•œ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ‘œํ˜„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ, ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์กฐํ˜•์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ์ธ ์ž‘์—…์˜ ์ด๋ก ์„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณณ์˜ ๋‚ฏ์„ฆ๊ณผ ์‹ ์„ ํ•จ์€ ๋‚˜์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋Š๋‚Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์€ ๋‹ด์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ •์‹  ์† ์‹ ์„ ํ•œ ์•„์šฐ๋ผ๋กœ ์†Œ์œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง‰์—ฐํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ณต๊ฐ„์€ ์‹ค๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ƒ์ด ์กฐํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ณณ, ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ถ”์–ต์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์œ ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์žฅ์†Œ์™€ ์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •, ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์™€ ์กฐํ˜•์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•จ์— ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œI์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ฐฝ์ž‘๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ฐ„๋žตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œII์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ๋œ ์ „ํ†ต ์‚ฐ์ˆ˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ์‚ผ์›๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณธ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์‚ผ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์šฉ๊ณผ ๋ณ€์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ผ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์ƒ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•ด๋ณธ๋‹ค. 2์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ผ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ฐจ์šฉ๋œ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ๋ณ€์ด๋œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ๊ณ„์Šนํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œIII์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณผ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„๋Œ€ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ™”๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. 1์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์ƒ์ƒ์˜ ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , 2์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ก๋œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์ด ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์‹ค์žฌํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ œ3์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ™”๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œIV์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. 1์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™”๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ „ํ†ต๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๋‹น์œ„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒ‰์ฑ„๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „ํ†ต์ฑ„์ƒ‰๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ œV์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ๋ก ์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์„œ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋ก ์  ํ† ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํ•œ ํ›„ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ง€์†๋  ์ž‘์—…์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.This thesis deals with my works on The strange space. In comparison with the Three distances space, which is the base of my work, I show the theoretical principles, characteristics and technique of expression. The unfamiliarity of new places makes me to have a rich imagination. We can keep the objective reality with photographs. But its not possible for keeping the feelings. This motivates my idea that It would be wonderful to own that space, which is experienced, with the fresh aura by my painting. The strange space is the combination of the reality and imagination. By recording this space, I preserve the place where I can not go again and record the process of transforming the same memories to different images. Also, by this way, I also show my view of enjoyment and induce their own experiences on the place. So, one of the purpose of this thesis is to find the formation process and the meaning of The strange space, the other is to construct the theoretical basis of the space by analyzing background, technique, and feature of formation. In chapter I, I explain the purpose and motivation of drawing the strange space, and briefly introduce the contents and method of research. In chapter II, I study the traditional mountain-water space, Three distance space, and analyze the borrowing and transformation. In section 1, I construe the Three distances space and ideal space. In section 2, I provide the theoretical foundation of records that inherited tradition by comparing the Three distance space and The strange space, and checking the difference between borrowed and transformed characters. In chapter III, I examine the composition principle, the nature of the recorded contents, and the role of modern space recording in The strange space by transcribing it. In section 1, I examine the activities and processes of the imagination in forming the The strange space. In section 2, I examined the nature of the existence of the recorded composition. In section 3, we analyze the role of recording and information of specific image as spatial recording. In Chapter IV, I looked at the space composition and expression technique of The strange space. In section 1, I compare and analyze the features according to the screen composition and the result of compositing The strange space. In section 2, I explain the traditional techniques used in the expression technique of The strange space. I introduced the necessity of material selection and used colors, and examined how to use traditional coloring technique. In Chapter V, I summarize the contents of the discussion and describe the results of the research. Through the above research, I will make sure the theoretical basis of the formation process and the record of The strange space through the imagination, and as the basis for the development of the future work.โ… . ๋จธ๋ฆฟ๋ง 1 โ…ก. ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‚ผ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 4 1. ์‚ผ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„ 4 2. ์‚ผ์› ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ 11 โ…ข. ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํšŒํ™”์  ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณผ์ • 25 1. ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ 25 2. ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ก 35 3. ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๋ก์˜ ์˜์˜ 39 โ…ฃ. ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ณต๊ฐ„์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 46 1. ํ™”๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 47 2. ํ•„๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์ฑ„์ƒ‰ 63 โ…ค.๋งบ์Œ๋ง 70 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 73 ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋„ํŒ 76 Abstract 89Maste

    โ€œShenyang Experienceโ€ - The CCPโ€™s Formulation of Labor Policy in State-owned Enterprises in Shenyang, 1948~1952 -

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๋™์–‘์‚ฌํ•™๊ณผ, 2015. 8. ๊น€ํ˜•์ข….ๆœฌ็จฟ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณต์‚ฐ๋‹น์ด ๊ฑด๊ตญ ์ „ํ›„ ๆฑๅŒ—์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ๋†์ดŒ์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ดํ–‰ํ•œ ํ›„ ็€‹้™ฝ์˜ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์ •์ฑ…์„ ํŽผ์ณค๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธ€์ด๋‹ค. ๋™๋ถ ์ „์—ญ์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•œ ์งํ›„ ์ค‘๊ณต์€ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์ด ๋‚ด์ „ ์Šน๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐœํŒ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผํ•  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ฑด๊ตญ ์ดํ›„ ์ „๊ตญ์  ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ์•ž์žฅ์„œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ญ์„คํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋™๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๊ณง ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ํšŒ๋ณต๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์„œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์นจ ์ „ํ™˜์€ 1949๋…„ 3์›” 7๊ธฐ2์ค‘์ „ํšŒ์—์„œ โ€˜ํ˜๋ช… ๋…ธ์„ โ€™์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ๋†์ดŒ์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ๋‚˜์„œ์ž๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„ฐ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ์˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ตญ์„ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์— ๋‘” ์‹œ์ ์—์„œ ๊ฑด๊ตญ ์ดํ›„ ์ค‘๊ณต์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉ์นจ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฑด๊ตญ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘๊ณต์€ ์ด ๋•Œ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์นจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋„์‹œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์„ ์–ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์ „๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ†ต์น˜ํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜์ž ๋„์‹œ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ€๊ฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์Šน์ธํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•ด๋„, ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ €, ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๋™๋ถ์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ์ „ํ™˜์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ง„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์ „๊ตญ ํ†ต์ผ์„ ๋ˆˆ์•ž์— ๋‘” ์ค‘๊ณต์ด ๊ฑด๊ตญ ์ง์ „ ์•ฝ 1๋…„๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™๋ถ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฑด๊ตญ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์•™์˜ ํ–ฅ๋ฐฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. 1948๋…„ 11์›” ็€‹้™ฝ ๆŽฅ็ฎก ์‹œ ์ค‘๊ณต์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋„์‹œ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—… ์šด์˜์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์—ฌ โ€˜์ผ๋‹จ ์›๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š”โ€™ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์›์น™์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋™๋ถ ์ „์—ญ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•œ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ์•ž์žฅ์„ค ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์ฐฝํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ค‘๊ณต์€ ๋„์‹œ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ณ ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง์ ‘ ๋‚˜์„œ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์นจ ์ „ํ™˜์€ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์šด์˜๊ถŒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”์—๋„ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ตญ ์ „ํ›„ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๊ณต ํ†ต์น˜ ํ•˜ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ์žฅ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž, ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์˜์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋„๋ก ๊ทœ์ •๋˜์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ณต์žฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์ž๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ์žฅ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋™๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์— ๋‹น๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๊ณต์žฅ์žฅ์˜ ์ƒ์œ„์— ์ •๋ถ€๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ๋™๋ถ๊ณต์—…๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‹น๊ณผ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์˜์— ์ง์ ‘ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” 1951๋…„ 5์›” ๊ณต์žฅ์žฅ์ฑ…์ž„์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ท€๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์žฅ์žฅ์ฑ…์ž„์ œ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ด€์—์„œ ํŒŒ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ณต์žฅ์žฅ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์‹œ์—, ๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด์— ๋‹น์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์—… ์†Œ์žฌ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋‹น์œ„์˜ ํ˜‘์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์˜๊ถŒ์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น์ด ๊ฒฝ์˜์— ๊ด€์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ็€‹้™ฝ์—๋Š” 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „๋ฐ˜๊ธฐ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์ฃผ๊ตญ ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋งŒ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—… ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 5๊ฐœ๋…„ ๊ณ„ํš๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณธ๊ฒฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์„ฑ๋œ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ค‘๊ณต์—… ๊ณต์žฅ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ๋ จ์˜ ่ปไบ‹็ฎกๅˆถ, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ ‘์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ค‘๊ณต์ด ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ตญ์˜ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1948๋…„~1952๋…„ ็€‹้™ฝ์˜ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์‹œ ๋‚ด ์ „์ฒด ๊ณต์—… ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ 60~75%๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณต์—…๋„์‹œ์™€๋Š” ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์•ฝ 10%๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์™€ ์ง์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์— ์†Œ์†๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ „ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์ด์ƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์†์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์  ๋˜ํ•œ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์ด ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ็€‹้™ฝ ํŠน์œ ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ค‘๊ณต์€ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—… ๋…ธ๋™์ •์ฑ…์— ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์šธ์˜€๋‹ค. ๋†์ดŒ์—์„œ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ, ์ „์Ÿ์—์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฑด์„ค๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์นจ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฒฝ์˜์ž๋กœ ๋ณ€๋ชจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ์ค‘๊ณต์€ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์— ์†Œ์†๋œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ โ€˜์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ •์น˜์‚ฌ์ƒโ€™์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์— ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—… ์†Œ์† ๋…ธ๋™์ž์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ์ž„๊ธˆ์ œ๋„์™€ ๋…ธ๋™๋ณดํ—˜์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ์˜๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ถŒ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„๊ธˆ์˜ 50% ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ตญ์˜์ƒ์ ์ด๋‚˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ฉ์ž‘์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋งŒ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฌผ๊ตํ™˜๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ธ‰ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์™€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์˜๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ถŒ ๋‚ด์— ํฌ์„ญ์‹œ์ผฐ๊ณ , ๋…ธ๋™๋ณดํ—˜์ œ๋„๋Š” ์†Œ์† ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์€ ็€‹้™ฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ็€‹้™ฝ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—… ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ „๊ฐœํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. 1948๋…„์—์„œ 1952๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋™๋ถ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์žฌ ํ—Œ๋‚ฉ ์šด๋™, ์‹ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ฐฝ์กฐ ์šด๋™, ์• ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๊ฒฝ์Ÿ, ๅขž็”ฃ็ฏ€็ด„ ์šด๋™ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๋Š์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฒŒ์—ฌ์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด ํ™œ๋™๋“ค์€ ๋™๋ถ ๋‚ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์•„ ๋™๋ถ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ์„œ ์ „๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ณต์€ ๋…ธ๋™๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ™œ๋™๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋„“ํ˜€๊ฐ”๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์  ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ์˜๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋™์‹œ์— ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌ์„ญํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ฐ– ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋„“ํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋™๋ถ์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ โ€˜์ „๊ตญโ€™๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„œ ์ค‘๊ณต์˜ ํ†ต์น˜๊ถŒ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์กด์— ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ตญ์˜ํ™”๋˜์–ด์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ๊ฑด๊ตญ ์ง์ „ ๋„์‹œ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ ์ •์ฑ… ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋…ธ๋™์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ ๋†์ดŒ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ค‘๊ณต์˜ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋„์‹œ ํ†ต์น˜์— ๋ˆˆ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ํ›„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ธ๋™์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‚ฌ์˜๊ธฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ๋”์šฑ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋†’์•˜๋˜ ็€‹้™ฝ์€ ์ค‘๊ณต์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋…ธ๋™์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์žฅ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์š”๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ็€‹้™ฝ์€ ๊ณต์—…๋„์‹œ๋กœ, ์‹œ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๆฏ›ไธปๅธญ๊ณผ ๋‹น์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํฐ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋‹คโ€๋ผ๊ณ  ์„œ์ˆ ํ•œ ็€‹้™ฝๅธ‚ๅง”์˜ ์—…๋ฌด ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š”, ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๊ณผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ค‘๊ณต์ค‘์•™์ด ็€‹้™ฝ์„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ฑด์„ค์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ โ€œ่ฉฆ็‚นโ€์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค. โ€œ่ฉฆ็‚นโ€์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์ค‘์•™์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฑ„ํƒ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ตํ™˜๊ถŒ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์šด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ํ†ต์ผ์  ํ™”ํ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ์ œ๋„ ์„ค์น˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ค‘์•™ ์ œ๋„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ขŒ์ ˆ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ็€‹้™ฝ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋™๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์šฐ์„  ์ถ”์ง„๋œ ๊ณต์žฅ์žฅ์ฑ…์ž„์ œ์™€ ๋…ธ๋™๋ณดํ—˜์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ „๊ตญ์  ์ œ๋„ ์„ค์น˜์˜ ์ „๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋™๋ถ์—์„œ์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์€ ๅขž็”ฃ็ฏ€็ด„ ์šด๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ๋ก€๋กœ ์„ ์ „๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๊ตญ ์ „ํ›„ ็€‹้™ฝ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ณต์ด ํŽผ์นœ ๋…ธ๋™์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋Š”, ์ค‘์•™๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ž์„  ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ถ•์ ํ•œ โ€œ็€‹้™ฝ ๊ฒฝํ—˜โ€์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋…ธ๋™์ •์ฑ…์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ็€‹้™ฝ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ดํ–‰ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ธ‰์ง„์  ๋…ธ์„ ์— ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ณต์€ ์‹ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜๋กœ ์ดํ–‰ํ•œ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์˜๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๅ…ฌ็งๅˆ็‡Ÿํ™”ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ตญ์˜ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹จ์œ„์— ์†Œ์†๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋˜ ็€‹้™ฝ์€ โ€˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฐœ์กฐโ€™ ์ดํ›„ ๋„์‹œ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์‹œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ํฌ๊ด„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๋งค๊ฐœ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ •์ฑ…์€ ็€‹้™ฝ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์นจํˆฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผํ’ˆ๊ตํ™˜๊ถŒ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ž„๊ธˆ ์ง€๊ธ‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™๋ณดํ—˜์ œ๋„, ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๋„ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘๊ณ  ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๋…ธ๋™๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์€ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋งŽ์€ ็€‹้™ฝ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋งŒ๋‚˜ ๋” ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํฌ์„ญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. โ€œ็€‹้™ฝ ๊ฒฝํ—˜โ€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์ค‘๊ณต์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๊ตญ์˜๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ถŒ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ข…์†์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๋™์›์ด ๊ณง ๋Œ€์ค‘ ๋™์›์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ํ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๆฏ›ๆพคๆฑ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์˜์ง€๋‚˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ์ •์„ธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๋™๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ค‘์•™์— ์ „ํŒŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ„๋ถ€๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘์•™ ์ง„์ถœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด‰์ง„๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์šด์˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋” ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€๋ชจ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์ฆ‰, ๋™๋ถ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ โ€˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜โ€™๊ณผ ๊ทธ โ€˜์„ฑ๊ณตโ€™์ด ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ โ€˜์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜๋ช…โ€™์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ.The purpose of this study is to investigate how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) elaborated the labor policy of Shenyang from 1948 to 1952. Shenyang has been politically and economically the most influential city in Northeastern China since late Qing. It became embroidered in key events in Chinese history, such as the Fengtian cliqueFengtian cliqueโ€™s hegemony, the rule of the Manchukuo regime, and the Chinese Civil War. As a product of its own importance and regime changes in the first half of the twentieth century, the city became filled with state-owned enterprises, most of which were large-scale heavy industrial factories. Therefore, the CCPโ€™s takeover of Shenyang, which implied the acquisition of the whole of Northeastern China in 1948, marked a watershed in twentieth-century Chinese history in that the CCP became โ€œthe final winnerโ€ of Chinaโ€™s largest industrial region. After the acquisition of Shenyang, the CCP could begin to shift their policy priorities from the countryside to the city. This shift was meant to financially support the ongoing Chinese Civil War and, in the long run, lead nationwide economic development. What is worthy of notice is that the CCP made this transition in the Northeast prior to any other region or any decision from the central administration. Therefore, careful scrutiny of how urban policy in the Northeast was formulated could provide a new perspective on exploring a recent source of the CCPโ€™s city policy in the early days of the Peopleโ€™s Republic of China. The CCP in the Northeast tried to enhance their control upon state-owned enterprises by participating in the Factory Management Committee as representatives of the party and the government. By contrast, in the regions other than the Northeast, the Factory Management Committee was composed of a factory manager, labor leaders, and engineer leaders only. In 1951, the CCP decided to reinforce their managing power further by resolving the factory managersโ€™ responsibility and establishing the party committee in every state-owned factory. This system was first resolved in the Northeast and served as a precedent, spreading nationally. Economic recovery and development via operating the state-owned enterprises now became the main focus of the CCPโ€™s city policy in the Northeast. Labor policy, in particular, was a new challenge with respect to the CCPโ€™s change of identity from a leader of the underground class struggle in factories to the CEO of state-owned enterprises. Along with the transformation, the CCP no longer considered laborers as the main actor of the labor movements but as the object of labor policy, and began to elaborate a new labor policy accordingly. The socioeconomic structure of Shenyang was quite unlike that of any other city in China. Since over half of Shenyangโ€™s citizens was comprised of workers in state-owned enterprises and their families, these citizens were the beneficiaries of these enterprisesโ€™ labor policies such as the wage system and labor insurance. Also, these citizens were susceptible to labor competitions, which were fostered in the state-owned enterprises and spread throughout the city to become popular movements. This study suggests implications for understanding Northeastern China under the CCPโ€™s rule. First, due to the fact that the CCP seized the power in Northeastern China before dominating the whole country and most of the economic foundations in this region were nationalized, Northeastern China was able to be an experimental region for the CCPโ€™s urban and economic policy. Labor policy in particular, which had not been a main concern during the period of rural-centered revolution, arose as a new challenge after the CCPโ€™s policy shift from countryside to city. With over a half of its citizens related to the state-owned enterprises, Shenyang fulfilled the conditions for being an experimental city for the CCPโ€™s new labor policy. This โ€œShenyang Experienceโ€ could provide a precedent for the CCPโ€™s new labor policy after the establishment of the PRC. Furthermore, the successes in operating state-owned enterprises and transforming the broader society of Shenyang provided the CCP with a model for its wider socialist revolution. The period from 1948 to 1952 belongs to the period of New Democracy in the CCP history, which was supposed to be the preliminary stage for the socialist revolution and allow private economy. In this period, Shenyang was able to take on a role as a testing ground for socialism in that it had a greater percentage of state-owned enterprises and people involved in them. Based on this unique socioeconomic structure, the CCP conducted a city-scale โ€œsocialist experimentโ€ in Shenyang and gained good results economically and socially. This experience may have given the CCP lessons towards Socialist Transformation later on.๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ง 1 โ… . ์ค‘๊ณต์˜ ๆฑๅŒ— ์ ๋ น๊ณผ ์ •์ฑ… ์ „ํ™˜ 7 1. ็€‹้™ฝ ๆŽฅ็ฎก์˜ ์›์น™๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ 7 2. ไธญๅ…ฑไธญๅคฎ ๆฑๅŒ—ๅฑ€์˜ ํ˜๋ช… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ์ด๋™ 14 โ…ก. ็€‹้™ฝ ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ •์ฑ… 25 1. ็€‹้™ฝ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ 25 2. ๊ตญ์˜๊ธฐ์—… ๋…ธ๋™์ œ๋„์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ 33 3. ๋…ธ๋™๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘์šด๋™ํ™” 42 ๋งบ์Œ๋ง: "็€‹้™ฝ ๊ฒฝํ—˜"์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ 54 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 58 Abstract 72Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐ. ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2006.Maste
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