35 research outputs found
γΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅γμ γDespairγ λΉκ΅ μ°κ΅¬
νμλ
Όλ¬Έ (μμ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : λ
Έμ΄λ
Έλ¬Ένκ³Ό λ
Έλ¬Ένμ 곡, 2015. 8. λ°νμ.λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ 1936λ
μ λ¨νλ³ΈμΌλ‘ μΆκ°λ γμ λ§(ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅)γκ³Ό 30λ
λ€μΈ 1966λ
μ λ보μ½νκ° μ§μ λ²μνμ¬ μΆκ°λ μμλ³Έ γμ λ§(Despair)γμ λΉκ΅νλ€. μκ°κ° μ§μ μμ
ν λ νλ³Έμ λΉκ΅λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λ²μκ³Όμ μ κ±°μΉλ©΄μ μ΄λ€ λ³νκ° μκ²Όλμ§ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ·Έ λ³νκ° μλ―Ένλ κ²μ 무μμΈμ§ μ΄ν΄λ³Έλ€.
λ보μ½νκ° μν νλλ§νΌμ΄λ μκ°μ ν¬μνκ³ μ΄μ μ μμλ μμ
μ΄ λ°λ‘ λ²μμ΄λ€. κ·Έλ μμ μ μνλ€μ ν¬ν¨ν΄ λ€μν λ¬Ένμνλ€μ λ¬μμμ΄μ μμ΄, λΆμ΄λ‘ λ²μνμλ€. μ μ λ λΆν° κΎΈμ€ν λ²μμμ
μ ν΄μ€λ©΄μ λ보μ½νλ λ²μμ λν νκ³ ν μμΉλ€μ μΈμ°κ² λλ€. κ·Έκ° λ€λ₯Έ μκ°μ μνλ€μ λ²μν λ μΆκ΅¬νλ κ²μ κΈμ κ·Έλλ‘μ μΆμμ λ²μμ΄μλ€. μμμ μμ μλ¦λ€μμ μ΄λ¦¬κΈ° μν, νΉμ λ΄μ©μ μ’ λ 맀λλ½κ² μ λ¬νκΈ° μν μμμ λ²μμ΄λΌκ³ λ³΄μ§ μμλ€. κ·Έκ²μ κ·Έμ μνμ λ€λ₯Έ λ§λ‘ νμ΄μ μ€λͺ
ν κ²μ μ§λμ§ μμλ€. μ΄λ κ² μ격ν λ²μ μμΉμ κ³ μνλ λ보μ½νμ΄μ§λ§ μμ μ μνμ λ²μν λλ κ°μμ κ°κΉμ΄ μμ μ κ°ννλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μμ μ΄ κ°λ₯νλ λ°μλ μκΈ° μμ μ΄ μκ°μ΄μ λ²μκ°μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. λ€λ₯Έ μκ°μ μνμ λ²μν λλ μ΅λν λ²μκ°μ μ견μ΄λ μκΉμ΄ μμ λμ΄μΌ νμ§λ§ λ²μκ°μ μκ°κ° λμΌμΈλ¬Όμ΄λΌλ©΄ κ·Έλ° μ μ½μ΄ μ¬λΌμ§λ€. κ·Έλ κΈ°μ κ·Έκ° μ§μ λ²μν κ·Έμ μνλ€μ κ°μ μνμμλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ μμκ³Ό ν° μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό 보μ΄κΈ°λ νλ€.
γμ λ§(ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅)γκ³Ό γμ λ§(Despair)γ μμ λ²μμ ν΅ν΄ λμ λλ λ³νλ€μ κ²ͺμ μνλ€μ΄λ€. 본격μ μΈ λ νλ³Έμ λΉκ΅μ μμ μ λ보μ½νκ° μμ μ μνλ€μ λ²μνκ² λμλμ§λ₯Ό μ΄ν΄λ³Ό νμκ° μλ€. κ·Έκ° μμ μ μνλ€μ κ°μ₯ νλ°νκ² λ²μνλ μκΈ°λ γ둀리ν(Lolita)γλ‘ ν° μ±κ³΅μ κ±°λ ν μ΄λ€. κΈμ μ μΌλ‘λ μ¬μ κ° μκΈ΄ μμ μ΄μκ³ μκ°λ‘μ λͺ
μ±λ μ»μ μν©μμ κ·Έκ° κ΅³μ΄ μμ μ μ λ¬μμ μνλ€μ λ²μνκΈ°λ‘ λ§μλ¨Ήμ κ²μ γ둀리ν(Lolita)γμ μ±κ³΅ μ΄ν κ·Έμ λν΄ μκΈ΄ μ¬λ¬ μ€ν΄μμ λΉλ‘―λμλ€. λ보μ½νλ κ·Έ μ€ν΄λ₯Ό νμ΄μ€ μ μλ λ°©λ² μ€ νλκ° λ°λ‘ λ¬μμμ΄ μνλ€μ μκ°νμ¬ μμ΄κΆ λ
μλ€μκ² μμ μ μνμΈκ³λ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£Όλ κ²μ΄λΌ μκ°νλ€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό λ°©λν μμ μνλ€μ΄ λ보μ½νμ μν΄, νΉμ λ€λ₯Έ λ²μκ°λ€κ³Ό 곡λμΌλ‘ λ²μλμλ€.
γμ λ§(ΠΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅)γκ³Ό γμ λ§(Despair)γμ λΉκ΅ν΄λ³΄λ©΄ νλ‘― μμ ν° μ°¨μ΄λ μμ§λ§ μμ΄λ³Έμμλ λ³΄λ€ μμΈν λν
μΌλ€μ΄ μΆκ°λλ€. λμ± μ λͺ
νκ² μΈλ¬Όλ€μ μ±ν₯μ΄ λλ¬λλ©°, λ€μν λͺ¨ν°νλ€κ³Ό μμλ€μ΄ λ±μ₯νλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μμλ€μ μν μ λ§μ κΉμ μ΄ν΄λ₯Ό λμΈ λΏλ§ μλλΌ λ보μ½νμ μνμΈκ³λ₯Ό μ΄ν΄νλλ° λ§€μ° μ€μν λ¨μκ° λλ€.μλ‘ 1
1. λ보μ½νμ λ²μκ΄ 7
2.γDespairγμ λνλλ μ¬νλ λͺ¨ν°νλ€ 10
2.1. madman λͺ¨ν°νμ μ±μ λͺ¨ν°ν 11
2.2. Stickκ³Ό Brooch λͺ¨ν°ν 21
3.γDespairγμμ λλ¬λ μμ κ° ν
λ§ 26
3.1. μμ κ° μλ₯΄λ¬λ¦¬μ¨μ νμκ³Ό μΈμ΄μ ν¬λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ λλ¬λ κ²λ₯΄λ§μ μμ μ μ€ν¨ 26
3.2. μνμ ννκΈ°, λ€μν μμ μ₯λ₯΄μ μλ 35
4. ν¨λ¬λμ νΈμν¨ 44
4.1. νΈμν¨μ μ 44
4.2. νΈμν¨μμ μ
°μ΅μ€νΌμ΄λ‘ 50
5.γLaughter in the Darkγ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ γDespairγ 55
κ²°λ‘ 62
μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν 66
λΆλ‘ 69
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠΌΠ΅ 104Maste
μ κ΅μλ λ‘ : 'μΌλ³Έμ μ±μ₯μμ€' μ²ν© μμ¬μ ꡬ쑰
μ΄ κΈμ μλ¬Έμ μΌλ³Έμ΄λ‘ μμ±λμμΌλ©° νμ μ (νμλνκ΅ κ°μ¬Β·λ°μ¬ ν μ°κ΅¬μ)μ΄ λ²μνμλ€.μ²ν©κ³Ό λ¬Ένμ λ
ΌνκΈ°μ μμ, μΌλ³Έμ΄λΌ λΆλ¦¬λ μ§μμμ ν
μ€νΈλ‘μ νμΈ κ°λ₯ν κ°μ₯ μ€λλ μμ¬μ ν ꡬμ μ μΈμ©νλ κ²μΌλ‘ κΈμ μμν΄ λ³΄λ €κ³ νλ€. κ·Έλ¬μ μ΄μλκΈ°λ κ·Έλ λ€λ©΄ λμ λΉμ μ΄ μ²μ κΈ°λ₯ μ£Όμλ₯Ό λμ λ§λμ, μΉ¨μμμ κ΅ν©μ ν©μλ€.λΌκ³ λ§μνμ
¨λ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ 곧λ°λ‘ λΉμ μ μ€λ₯Έμͺ½μΌλ‘ λμμ λμ λ§λμΈμ. λλ μΌμͺ½μΌλ‘ λμμ λΉμ μ λ§λκ² μ.λΌκ³ λ§μνμ
¨λ€. μ½μμ νκ³ κΈ°λ₯μ λμ λ§λ¬μ λ, λ¨Όμ μ΄μλλ―Έκ° μ, μ°ΈμΌλ‘ λ©μ§ λκ΅°μ΄μλλ€.λΌκ³ λ§νκ³ , μ΄μ΄ μ΄μλκΈ°κ° μ, μ°ΈμΌλ‘ μλ¦λ€μ΄ λμλ‘λ€.λΌκ³ νλ€. κ°κ° λ§μ΄ λλ νμ μ΄μλκΈ°κ° μ¬λμμκ² λ§νκΈ°λ₯Ό μ¬μ μͺ½μμ λ¨Όμ λ§ν κ²μ μ’μ§ μμλ€.λΌκ³ νλ€. κ·Έλ κ² λ§μ νλ©΄μλ μΌμ μΉλ¬ λ³μ μμ΄κ° ν루μ½μλ€. μ΄ μμ΄λ₯Ό κ°λλ‘ λ§λ λ°°μ νμ νλ €λ³΄λλ€[γκ³ μ¬κΈ°γ(ε€δΊθ¨), μ΄μλλ―Έμμ (岩泒ζΈεΊ)]. 1963λ
μ νΈμ°¬λ γκ³ μ¬κΈ°γ μλ λΆλΆμ λμ€λ μ΄μΌκΈ°μ΄λ€. κ·ν μ λΆμ λ¨λ
κ° κΈκΈ°λ₯Ό κΉ¨κ³ (μ¬μ±μ΄ λ¨μ±μ μ νΉν κ²) κ΄κ³λ₯Ό ν νμ λ¨λ€κ³Ό λ€λ₯Έ νΉμ΄ν μμ΄κ° νμ΄λ¬κ³ , κ·Έ μμ΄λ μμ λ°°μ μ€λ € λ²λ €μ‘λ€. μΌμ°μ΄ νλ‘μ΄λν μ€ν λν¬λ μ΄λ° λμ
λΆλ₯Ό κ°μ§ μ νλ€μ μμ
νμ μ νλΌκ³ λΆλ λ€
Kobayashi Yoshinori and Caricaturing Japanese Populism
μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ νλ μΌλ³Έμ¬νμμ λνλλ μ°μ΅ λμ€μ£Όμμ λ―Ένμ κ³ λ°μΌμ μμλ
Έλ¦¬μ γμ μλ‘ γμ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ λΆμνκ³ μλ€. κ³ λ°μΌμλ λ§νλΌλ 맀체λ₯Ό μ κ·Ή νμ©νλ©΄μ μ°μ΅ μ¬μμ μ¬κ΅¬μ± λ° κ°μννκ³ μλ€. νΉν 1990λ
λμ λ€μ΄μ€λ©΄μ κ³ λ°μΌμλ γμ μ€λ§μ£Όμμ μΈγμ νκΈ° μμνκ³ , μμ¬λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό λλμμ μμΌλ‘ νΈλͺ
νλ©΄μ κΈ°μ΅νλ μμ
μ νλ€. γμ μλ‘ γμΌλ‘ κ·κ²°λ μ΄ μμ
μ μΌλ³Έλ΄μμ 60λ§ λΆκ° ν리λ λ² μ€νΈμ
λ¬κ° λκΈ°λ νμλ€. κ·Έμ μμ
μ μΈμ€κ³Ό μ΄λ―Έμ§ λΆλΆμΌλ‘ λλμ΄ κ³ μ°°ν λ, κ·Έμ μΈμ€ μ λ΅μ λ°κΈ°μ±μΈλ ₯μ , μμμ£Όμμ , κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ΅κ°κ·μμ μ΄λΌλ μΈ κ°μ§ νΉμ§μ 보μ΄κ³ μμΌλ©°, μΈμ€μ κ°μν μ λ΅μ κΈ°νν, κΈ°νΈν, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ νλ©΄νλ‘ μμΆλ μ μλ€.This paper explores the strategies and workings of Japanese populism by focusing on the caricatures of Kobayashi Yoshinori. Kobayashi is a well-known cartoonist and his works have been influential in shaping popular opinions on various issues of contemporary Japanese society. In this paper, I limit the scope of analysis on the piece entitled SensΕron, since this is the piece that has been widely received by people in and outside of Japan and has made him a popular social pundit. In analyzing Kobayashis strategies of narrating history issues and of visualizing such narratives, I identify three strategies respectively for the narrative and the visualization. As for the narrative strategies, they are 1) anti-establishment, 2) common-sense centrism, and 3) nation centrism. As for the visualization strategies, they are 1) deformation, 2)symbolization, and 3) complanation
Arrogant Nation, Anxious Empire: A Search for New National and Imperial Identity in TaishΕ Japan, 1912~1926
λ³Έ λ
Όλ¬Έμ λ€μ΄μΌ μλ μΌλ³Έμ κ΅κ°μ μ²΄μ± λ³νμ λμΈμ μ±
μμμ μΌλ³Έμ μ€κ΅μ μ±
μ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘ λΆμνλ κ²μ λͺ©μ μΌλ‘ νλ€. λ€μ΄μΌμλμ λ€μ΄μλ©΄μ μΌλ³Έμ λμΈμ μ±
μ νμ‘°μ£Όμμ ν¨λμ£Όμ μ¬μ΄μμ λͺ¨μλμλλ°, μ΄λ μ λΆμ νμμ μ§μ νμ€μ£Όμ μ μ±
κ³Ό λ―Όκ°μ μμμμ£Όμμ νμ€μ£Όμκ° μλ‘κ²½μ, νλ ₯νλ©΄μ νμ±λμλ€. μ΄μ κ°μ μΌλ³Έμ λμΈμ μ±
μ λ³νλ₯Ό κ°μ Έμ¨ μμΈμ κ΅μ μ , μ§μμ , κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ΅λ΄μ μΌλ‘ λλμ΄ μ°Ύμ μ μλ€. κ΅μ μ μΌλ‘λ μ λ½μμ λ°λ°ν μ 1μ°¨ μΈκ³λμ μ΄ μμμ λ΄ νμ 곡백μ λ§λ€μ΄λΈ κ²μ΄κ³ , μ§μμ μΌλ‘λ μ ν΄νλͺ
μ κ³κΈ°λ‘ κ°μνλ μ€κ΅μ λΆμ΄μ΄λ€. νμ 곡백과 λΆμ΄μ μΌλ³Έμ΄ μ κ·Ήμ μΌλ‘ νμ©νλ©΄μ μμμμ μ ν₯ κ°κ΅μΌλ‘ λΆμνμκ³ , μ΄ κ³Όμ μμ μκ΅μ λν μλΆμ¬ λλ μ€λ§ν¨μ΄ μΈκ΅μ μ±
μ μ λ₯λ₯Ό νμ±νμλ€. κ΅λ΄μ μμΈμ μ ν₯ κ°κ΅μ΄λ©΄μλ ν©νλ‘ , μΌλ³ΈμΈ μ΄λ―Όλ°°μ²κ³Ό κ°μ μꡬμ μΈμ’
μ£Όμμ μ§λ©΄νλ©΄μ μΌλ³Έμ¬ν μ λ°μ μΌλ³Έμ κ΅μ κ΅μ μ μμμ λν λΆμκ°μ΄ κ³ μ‘°λ κ²μ λ€ μ μλ€. μ΄μ κ°μ μ€λ§ν¨κ³Ό λΆμν¨μ΄ μνΈμμ©νλ©΄μ μΌλ³Έ μ λΆμ λμ€κ΅μ μ±
μ μμμμ£Όμμ ν¨λμ£Όμ μ±ν₯μ΄ κ°νλμκ³ , μ΄λ¬ν λμ€κ΅μ μ±
μ΄ μ€κ΅μ λ°μ κ΅μ£Όμ λ―Όμ‘±μ£Όμμ μΆ©λνλ©΄μ μΌλ³Έ μ κ΅μ λΆκ΄΄μ κΈΈμ κ±·κ² λμλ€.This paper explores the changing national identities and foreign policies of TaishΕ Japan by focusing on its attitudes and policies toward China. During the TaishΕ era, Japanese foreign policies toward China oscillated between cooperative and unilateral policies. I argue that the forces that shaped such oscillation were the competition and collaboration between the Japanese mainstream foreign policy of status-quo-oriented realism and the Pan-Asianist policy of unilateralism. In examining the forces of changing TaishΕ Japans national identities, it also points out the emotional factors like arrogance and anxiety.μ΄ λ
Όλ¬Έμ κ³ λ €λνκ΅ νΉλ³μ°κ΅¬λΉμ μνμ¬ μνλμμ
(The) antagonism effects of neostigmine on vecuronium -induced neuromuscular blockade in the renal failure patients
μνκ³Ό/μμ¬[νκΈ]
νμ½λ¦°μμ€ν
λ μ΄μ€μ μ λ€μ κ°μμ μ£Όλ‘ λμ¬λλ, κ·Έ λ°°μ€μ μμ΄μλ μ μ₯μ μμ‘΄νλ€. Cronnellyλ±(1980λ
)κ³Ό Morrisλ±(1981λ
)μ μ μμΈμμλ pyridostigmine, edrophonium λ°
neostigmineμ΄ κ°κ° 75.70 λ° 50%κ° μ μ₯μ ν΅νμ¬ λ°°μ€λλ€κ³ νμλ€. ννΈ μ λΆμ μ΄ μμΌλ©΄ neostigmineκ³Ό pyridostigmineμ νμ€ μ κ±°μ¨μ΄ κ°μλκ³ λ°°μ€ λ°κ°κΈ°κ° μ§μ°λλ€λ κ²μ μ½λνμ μΌλ‘ μ΄λ―Έ λ°νμ§ μ¬μ€μ΄λ (Cronnellyλ±, 1979 λ° 1980) μ΄κ²μ΄ μ½λ ₯νμ μΌλ‘ μ΄λ μ λ μ¦κ° ν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό κ°μ Έμ€λμ§λ λ°νμ§ λ° μλ€.
λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ neostigmineμ κΈΈνν¨κ³Όλ₯Ό κ·λͺ
νκΈ° μνμ¬, μ κΈ°λ₯μ΄ μ μμΈ μ νμΈκ³Όμ μμ νΉμ μ κΈ°λ₯ λΆμ μ΄ μμ΄ μ μ₯μ΄μμ μ λ°κΈ° μν΄ μ μ λ§μ·¨κ° μꡬλλ μ±μΈ λ¨λ
νμ κ°κ° 18λͺ
μ©μ β
λ° β
‘κ΅°μΌλ‘ νμ¬ vecuroniumμ μ§μμ μ μ μ£Όμ
νμ μ²κ³¨μ κ²½ μ£Όν
ννΌμ supramximal (??)λ₯Ό κ°νκ³ flexor carpi ulnaris electromyographyλ₯Ό μ»μμΌλ‘μ¨ neostigmineμ μ©λ - λ°μ 곑μ , λ°ν μκ°, μμ© μ§μ μκ° λ° κΈΈν ν¨κ³Ό μ λλ₯Ό λΉκ΅νμ¬ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ κ²°λ‘ μ μ»μλ€.
1. Neostigmineν¬μ¬ μ 15%λ΄μΈμ μ°μΆ(twitch height)μ μ μ§νκΈ° μν vecuroniumμ μ μ μ£Όμ
μλλ μκ΅°κ°μλ neostigmine μ©λκ°μ μ μν μ°¨μ΄κ° μμλ€.
2. μΈκ°μ§ μλ‘ λ€λ₯Έ neostigmine μ©λμ ν¬μ¬νκΈ° μ§μ , μ°μΆμ νκ· μΉλ 11.7μμ 13.7%μ΄μλ€.
3. Neostigmine μ μ£Όνμ μμ© λ°ν μκ°, μ΅λ μ°μΆ λ°μ λ° μ΅λ κ°μ ν¨κ³Όλ μκ΅°κ°μ μ μν μ°¨μ΄κ° μμλ€.
4. Neostigmineμ μμ© μ§μ μκ°μ ED^^20μ 1/2μ©λμμλ§ β
κ΅°μ λΉν΄ β
‘κ΅°μμ μμμκ² μ°μ₯λμμΌλ©°, λ€λ₯Έ μ©λμμλ μ μν μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό 보μ΄μ§ μμλ€.
μ΄μμ κ²°κ³Όλ‘ λ³΄μ vecuroniumμ κ·Όμ΄μ μμ©μ λν neostigmineμ κΈΈνν¨κ³Όλ μ λΆμ νμμμ μ°μ₯λ κ°λ₯μ±μ΄ μμΌλ©°, μ΄λ κ·Όμ΄μμ λ°°μ€μ μ νμ κ°κ³ μλ μ λΆμ νμμμ vecuronium μ¬μ©ν κ°μμ μ΄μ μ΄ λ μκ° μλ€κ³ μ¬λ£λλ€.
The Antagonism Effects of Neostigmine on Vecuronium -induced Neuromuscular Blockade
in the Renal Failure Patients
Jeong Seon Han
Department of Medical Science, The Graduate School, Yonsei University
(Directed by Professor Kwang Won Park, M.D.)
The elimination of most anticholinesterases depends on the kidney, even if the
main organ for their metabolism is the liver.
Renal excretion of pyridostigmine, edrophonium and neostigmine accounts for 75%,
70% and 50%, respectively. (Cronnelly et al, 1980: Morris et al. 1981)
In the absence of renal function, the serum half-life of neostigmine is
prolonged, its plasma clearance is decreased (Cronnelly et al, 1979 & 1980).
However, the pharmacodynamics of neostigmine have not been determined in renal
failure.
This study was designed to compare the neostigmine dynamics in 18 patients with
normal renal function to that in 18 patients with renal failure(Group β
& β
‘,
respectively).
Using the flexor carpi ulnaris EMG via ulnar nerve stimulation with
Train-Of-Four(TOF) under the constant infusion of vecuronium to produce about 85% -
twitch depression, the responses of neostigmine with three different doses were
obtained.
The results are follows;
1. The constant infusion rates of vecuronium to maintain about 15%-twitch height
prior to the administration of neostigmine showed no significant difference between
two groups.
2. Immediately prior to each dose of neostigmine, the mean values of twitch
heights were 11.7 to 13.7%.
3. There was no significant difference in the onset time, maximum twitch
responses and antagonism effects between trio groups in respect to each same dose
of neostigmine.
4. The duration of neostigmine with the half of ED^^20 only in Group β
‘ was
significantly longer than that in Group β
, even if the durations with the other
doses in Group β
‘ were not significantly longer than these in Group β
.
These results suggest that the reversal effect of neostigmine to
vecuronium-induced blockade may be outlasted in patients with renal failure and the
prolongation of neostigmine effect may render saute benefits to reverse the
relaxants which have the limitation of its elimination in this patients.
[μλ¬Έ]
The elimination of most anticholinesterases depends on the kidney, even if the main organ for their metabolism is the liver.
Renal excretion of pyridostigmine, edrophonium and neostigmine accounts for 75%, 70% and 50%, respectively. (Cronnelly et al, 1980: Morris et al. 1981)
In the absence of renal function, the serum half-life of neostigmine is prolonged, its plasma clearance is decreased (Cronnelly et al, 1979 & 1980).
However, the pharmacodynamics of neostigmine have not been determined in renal failure.
This study was designed to compare the neostigmine dynamics in 18 patients with normal renal function to that in 18 patients with renal failure(Group β
& β
‘, respectively).
Using the flexor carpi ulnaris EMG via ulnar nerve stimulation with Train-Of-Four(TOF) under the constant infusion of vecuronium to produce about 85% - twitch depression, the responses of neostigmine with three different doses were obtained.
The results are follows;
1. The constant infusion rates of vecuronium to maintain about 15%-twitch height prior to the administration of neostigmine showed no significant difference between two groups.
2. Immediately prior to each dose of neostigmine, the mean values of twitch heights were 11.7 to 13.7%.
3. There was no significant difference in the onset time, maximum twitch responses and antagonism effects between trio groups in respect to each same dose of neostigmine.
4. The duration of neostigmine with the half of ED^^20 only in Group β
‘ was significantly longer than that in Group β
, even if the durations with the other doses in Group β
‘ were not significantly longer than these in Group β
.
These results suggest that the reversal effect of neostigmine to vecuronium-induced blockade may be outlasted in patients with renal failure and the prolongation of neostigmine effect may render saute benefits to reverse the relaxants which have the limitation of its elimination in this patients.restrictio
Re-Reading Postwar History on Lesbians in Japan : Focusing on the Lack of Sexual Desire as an Analytical Perspective
μ΄ κΈμ μλ¬Έμ μΌλ³Έμ΄λ‘ μμ±λμμΌλ©° νμ μ (νμλνκ΅ μΌλ³ΈμΈμ΄λ¬Έννκ³Ό κ°μ¬)μ΄ λ²μνμλ€.κ·Όλ μ΄ν μΌλ³Έμμ μ¬μ± κ°μ μΉλ°μ±μ΄ μ΄λ»κ² μ΄μΌκΈ°λμ΄ μλκ°. μ΄ κΈμ κ·Έ μ κ°λ₯Ό κ³ μ°°ν κΈ°μ‘΄μ μμ¬ κΈ°μ μ΄ λ°λμ μΉμμΌλ¦¬ν°μ μμ¬μΈ κ²μ μλλΌλ μ μ μ£Όλͺ©νκ³ , νΉν 1970λ
λ μ΄νμ λ μ¦λΉμΈ μ΄λμ¬λ₯Ό μ±μμ΄λΌλ κ΄μ μμ μ¬κ³ ν΄μΌ ν νμμ±μ μ£Όμ₯ν κ²μ΄λ€. μ΄ κΈμμ λ€λ£¨λ μ±μμ κ΄μ μ΄λ, λ€μ΄μΌκΈ°(倧ζ£ζ)λΆν° νμ¬μ μ΄λ₯΄κΈ°κΉμ§ μ¬λ¬ λ°©μμΌλ‘ ꡬμΆλμ΄ μ¨ μ±μμ΄λΌλ κ°λ
μ΄ μ¬μ± κ°μ μΉλ°μ±μ΄λ μ¬μ±μ μ¬λνλ μ¬μ±μ κ΄ν μΈμ€μ μ΄λ»κ² κ·μ ν΄ μλκ°λΌλ λ¬Έμ λ₯Ό λ§νλ€. μΌλ³Έμμ λ μ¦λΉμΈμ΄λΌλ λ§μ 1960λ
λ νλ°μ 보κΈλμκ³ , 1970λ
λμλ λ μ¦λΉμΈμ μν΄ μ λ³΄κ° λ°μ λμλ€. λ μ¦λΉμΈμ λλ¬μΌ μ νμ¬λ νμμ μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό ν¬ν¨ν μ νμ°κ΅¬κ° μμ§λ§ μ§κΈκΉμ§ λ μ¦λΉμΈ(νΉμ μ¬μ±)μ μ±μμ΄λΌλ μμκ³Ό κ²½νμ μ°½μΆνλ μΈμ€λ‘μ λΆμλ μ μ μμλ€. μ¦ λ μ¦λΉμΈμ κ΄ν μΉμμΌλ¦¬ν°μ μ νμ¬κ° μΌλ³Έμμλ κ±°μ μ°κ΅¬λμ§ μμλ€κ³ λ΄λ 무방νλ€. μ΄ κΈμμλ μ°μ μ±μμ΄λΌλ κ΄λ
μ΄ μΌλ³Έμ μ μ
λ 1910λ
λλΆν° λ μ¦λΉμ΄λμ¦μ΄ λ°μνκΈ° μ μΈ 1960λ
λκΉμ§λ₯Ό λμμΌλ‘, μ¬μ± κ°μ μΉλ°μ±μ΄λ μ¬μ±μ μ¬λνλ μ¬μ±μ λν΄ κ·Όλ μΌλ³Έμ΄ μ΄λ ν μλ―Έλ₯Ό λΆμ¬ν΄μλμ§λ₯Ό μ±μμ΄λΌλ κ΄μ μΌλ‘ κΈ°μ νλ€. κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ 1970λ
λ μ΄ν μ‘μ§ λ―Έλμ΄μ μΈμ€ μν©κ³Ό λ μ¦λΉμ΄λμ¦μ λν΄μ κ°λ΅νκ² κ²ν νκ³ , κ·Έκ²μ μ±μμ΄λΌλ κ΄μ μμ μ¬κ³ νλ νλμ μμλ₯Ό κ³ μ°°νλ€.How has modern Japan presented the female intimacy? This paper sheds light on the existing historical descriptions and how its development does not necessarily reflect the history of sexuality, and argues that the history of lesbian movements after the 1970s must be recaptured from the perspective of sexual desire. In this paper, the perspective of sexual desire questions how the concept of sexual desire, which has been constructed in various ways since the Taisho period, had dealt with discourses on female intimacy and a woman who loves a woman. In Japan, the term lesbian spread widely in the late half of the 1960s, and in the 1970s a number of information on lesbianism was available through the media. A number of researches on the history of lesbians have been published, but none of them have analyzed it as a discourse that create both spheres and experiences of lesbians (and womens) sexual desires. In other words, it can be said that, in Japan, postwar history of sexuality on lesbians has not yet been written. This paper first deals with the period from the 1910s to the 1960s during which a concept of sexual desire was imported before the advent of lesbianism in Japan, and, from the perspective of sexual desire, analyzes how modern Japan attached meanings toward female intimacy and a woman who loves a woman. Second, the paper briefly touches upon the discourse on lesbianism found in the magazines after the 1970s, and examines the contemporary significance of adopting the perspective of sexual desire