38 research outputs found

    A Study on the Legislation of the Recognized Organization Code

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    "RO" means a Recognized Organization(here in after "RO") or other private body carrying out surveys and issuing or endorsing Statutory Certificates of ships on behalf of a flag State. The inspection and survey of ships shall be carried out by officers of the State whose flag the ship is registered, provided that the Government of each country may entrust the inspection and survey either to surveyors nominated for the purpose or to organizations recognized by it. The administration apply the existing IMO regulations for RO in order to meet their responsibilities in recognizing, authorizing and monitoring their RO. But these requirements are presently scattered in different IMO instruments, some of which are mandatory, whereas others remain recommendatory and at present no audit scheme exists to verify that these requirements are effectively and uniformly implemented. Accordingly, MSC 84 had considered a proposal submitted by Austria et al.(MSC 84/22/13) to develop a Code for RO and agreed to include a high-priority item on "Development of a Code for RO" in the work programme of the FSI Sub-Committee, and instructed the Sub-Committee to include the item in the provisional agenda for FSI 17. Development of a Code for RO suggested by Austria et al.(MSC 84/22/13) should have the objective to assist administrations for meeting their responsibilities in recognizing, authorizing and monitoring their RO, gather all the applicable RO requirements in a single IMO mandatory instrument and amend the existing and applicable legal framework to ensure that the ROs are correctly audited by qualified and independent auditors with respect to the Code. FSI 17 and 18 considered opinions on "Development of a Code for RO" submitted by many delegations. But many of them are expressed concerns relate to the legal framework for audit that will remove the power of Administrations to audit their ROs. This study is to arrange the background of discussion, progress of discussion and the necessity of legislation of RO Code. And this is to understand the requirements for RO based on the IMO instruments to identify areas that are not or not adequately covered by the existing requirements and recommendations of IMO instruments regarding RO. And this is to describe the administration and RO's rights, duties, responsibilities and settlements of a dispute when legislating the RO code. Finally this is to identify a suggestion for further developments of RO code expressed by IMO member states and to present methods to securing the effectiveness of the RO Code through the audit scheme.Abstract ์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ2์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 5 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋…ผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ 11 1. ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฝ”๋“œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ 11 2. ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ 14 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ์ œ์ • ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 18 ์ œ3์žฅ IMO ๊ทœ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”๊ฑด 19 ์ œ1์ ˆ IMO ํ˜‘์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์ฝ”๋“œ์— ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”๊ฑด 19 1. ํ•ด์ƒ์ธ๋ช…์•ˆ์ „ํ˜‘์•ฝ 19 2. ์„ ๋ฐ•์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜‘์•ฝ 22 3. ๊ตญ์ œ๋งŒ์žฌํ˜์ˆ˜์„ ํ˜‘์•ฝ 25 4. ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ํ†ค์ˆ˜์ธก์ •์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜‘์•ฝ 25 5. ์„ ๋ฐ•์œ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์˜ค์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ํ˜‘์•ฝ 26 6. ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์ฝ”๋“œ 27 ์ œ2์ ˆ IMO ๊ฒฐ์˜์„œ์— ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”๊ฑด 33 1. ์ฃผ๊ด€์ฒญ์„ ๋Œ€ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์ฒด์˜ ์œ„์ž„๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ&#65381์ฆ์„œ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์นจ 33 2. IMO ๊ฐ•์ œํ˜‘์•ฝ ์ดํ–‰ ์ฝ”๋“œ 35 ์ œ3์ ˆ IMO ํšŒ๋žŒ๋ฌธ์„œ์— ๊ทœ์ •๋œ ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”๊ฑด 36 ์ œ4์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ œ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ์ œ์–ธ 38 ์ œ1์ ˆ ํ˜‘์•ฝ ๋‹น์‚ฌ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ, ์˜๋ฌด ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ 38 1. ๊ถŒํ•œ 38 2. ์˜๋ฌด 40 3. ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ 41 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๊ถŒํ•œ, ์˜๋ฌด, ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ 42 1. ๊ถŒํ•œ 42 2. ์˜๋ฌด 43 3. ๋ถ„์Ÿํ•ด๊ฒฐ 44 ์ œ5์žฅ ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 49 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋Œ€ํ–‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋ฐœ์ „๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ 49 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ž๋ฐœ์  IMO ํšŒ์›๊ตญ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„ 53 ์ œ3์ ˆ ํ•ด๊ธฐํ’ˆ์งˆํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„ 56 ์ œ4์ ˆ ํ‰๊ฐ€์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ํ™•๋ณด 60 ์ œ6์žฅ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  64 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 6

    ํ•œ๊ตญ ํ†ตํ™”์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ฒฝ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ, 2014. 2. ๋ฐ•์†Œ์ •.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ํ†ตํ™”์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ™•์žฅ์  ํ†ตํ™”์ •์ฑ… ์ดํ›„์— ์ž๊ธˆ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹œ์žฅ ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ ธ ๋น„์œ ๋™์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์‹์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ฃผ์‹๊ณผ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ฃผ์‹์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํ‰๊ท ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’๊ณ  ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋‚ฎ์€ ํ‰๊ท  ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ™•์žฅ์  ํ†ตํ™”์ •์ฑ…์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„์—๋Š” ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜ธํ™ฉ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ฃผ์‹์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„์€ ๋ณ„๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 15๊ฐœ ์‚ฐ์—… ์ค‘ ์šด์ˆ˜์—…, ๊ธˆ์œต ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ—˜์—…, ๋„๋งค ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋งค์—…์—์„œ๋งŒ ํ™•์žฅ์  ์ •์ฑ… ์ดํ›„ ํ•ด๋‹น ์‚ฐ์—… ์ฃผ์‹์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ์—„์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์šด์ˆ˜์—…๊ณผ ๋„๋งค ๋ฐ ์†Œ๋งค์—…๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์˜์˜ 1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 6 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์„ค๋ช… 7 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ 7 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ์ง€ํ‘œ 8 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํ†ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ… ๊ด€๋ จ์ง€ํ‘œ 9 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์‹ค์ฆ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 11 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ-๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ๋ถ„์„ 11 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ํ†ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ „๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋น„์œ ๋™์„ฑ 12 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ํ†ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋น„์œ ๋™์„ฑ 14 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ํ†ตํ™” ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ๋ถ„์„ 16 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ/์‚ฐ์—…๋ณ„ ๋น„์œ ๋™์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ต๋ฅ  ๋ถ„์„ 18 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  24 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 38 Abstract 40Maste

    Conditions for Successful Environmental Policy Making in Globalized Metropolitan Areas: Understanding Los Angeles County Air Pollution Policies

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ •์น˜์™ธ๊ตํ•™๋ถ€(์™ธ๊ตํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2013. 8. Stefan Niederhafner.45ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๋ฐ ์ด์ƒํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์งˆ์  ์ €ํ•˜ ํŠนํžˆ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋„์‹œ์™€ ๋„์‹œ ๋ณตํ•ฉ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์‹œ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ฒญ์ • ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ •์ฑ… ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜ค์—ผ์›์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ๋‚œ์ œ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ ํŠนํžˆ ์ฒญ์ • ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ •์น˜ ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ๊ด€ํ–‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์— ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ •์ฑ… ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ NGO(๋น„์ •๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ) ๋ฐ ์—ฌ๋ก ์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ์ž์น˜์ฃผ ๊ทœ์ • 5.90์žฅ ๋ฐ ๊ทœ์น™ 1143์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ธ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์‹œ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์„ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ํšจํ•œ ์ฒญ์ • ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์˜ค์—ผ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” NGO ๋ฐ ํญ๋„“์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ „๋ฌธํ™”, ๋ฒ•์›์˜ ๊ด€ํ• ๊ถŒ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์ ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ฒญ์ • ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„ํ˜‘์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋กœ์Šค์•ค์ ค๋ ˆ์Šค์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ณตํ—Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€๋„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.Environmental degradation, particularly in air pollution, is posing a serious threat for cities and urban agglomerations around the world since 45 percent of global air pollutants and CO2 emissions stem from cities. By way of investigating the cases of successful clean air policies in the city of Los Angeles, this paper will elaborate on the conditions for successful environmental issues, specifically in clean air politics, in addition to contributing to a global challenge of counteracting against its local origins. The main goal in this study is to identify institutional and procedural specifics that can be transferred in the sense of the best practice model to other global cities dealing with the same problem. By applying a new-institutional concept combined with a policy cycle analysis, this will allow not only an analysis of the decision-making process of air pollution control in the local government, but also to examine the role and the influence of NGOs and public opinion. The empirical basis of the analysis is an in-depth study of two policies, County Code Chapter 5.90 and Rule 1143. Studying these two cases will explain how the political system of Los Angeles was able to identify air pollution as a local threat and to react with effective and efficient clean air policies. As a result, this study argues that three major conditions, institutional diversification and specialization, court jurisdiction and access points for contributions of NGOs and the wider public are crucial for successful clean air policies. Moreover, this study presents how the Los Angeles County can contribute to counteracting global environment and health threats.Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Importance of Globalized Cities 1.2 Purpose and Case Selection 1.3 Literature Review 1.4 Theoretical Framework 1.5 Operationalization Chapter 2 Political Background and History of Air Pollution 2.1 Demographic and Economy 2.2 Political Structure 2.3 Causes of Air Pollution 2.4 Effects from Air Pollution Chapter 3 Agenda-Setting in Clean Air Policies 3.1 Board of Supervisors and Chapter 5 of the Los Angeles County Code 3.2 AQMD and Rule 1143 3.3 Coalition for Clean Air 3.4 Conclusion Chapter 4 Policy Formation in Clean Air Policies 4.1 Board of Supervisors and Chapter 5 of the Los Angeles County Code 4.2 AQMD and Rule 1143 4.3 Conclusion Chapter 5 Decision-Making and Implementation in Clean Air Policies 5.1 Board of Supervisors and Chapter 5 of the Los Angeles County Code 5.2 AQMD and Rule 1143 5.3 Conclusion Chapter 6 Evaluation in Clean Air Policies 6.1 Board of Supervisors and Chapter 5 of the Los Angeles County Code 6.2 AQMD and Rule 1143 6.3 Conclusion Chapter 7 Conclusion Bibliography AppendixMaste

    ์ดˆยท์ค‘ยท๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์˜ ๊ธˆ์œต์†Œ๋น„์ž๊ต์œก๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ : ์ œ 7์ฐจ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์†Œ๋น„์žํ•™๊ณผ,2004.Maste

    ๋ถ€์‚ฐํ•ญ ํ†ตํ•ญ ์•ˆ์ „ ์ฆ์ง„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ๋‹ค์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณ„ ๊ธˆ์† ๋‚˜๋…ธ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•œ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ์ œ์–ด

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€, 2016. 8. ๋ฐ•์›์ฒ .Noble metal nanoparticles exhibit unique physical and chemical properties that are highly dependent on their size, shape, and chemical composition. During the last few decades, intensive research has been focused on the development of various synthetic methods for producing uniform nanoparticles and the precise control of their size and shape. Recently, multi-component metallic nanomaterials have attracted much attention for their great potential application in catalysis, sensor, and biomedical application. These nanomaterials can have not only the individual characteristics of the different components, but also new and unexpected properties arising from the synergistic effect between them. In this dissertation, facile and structure-controllable synthesis of multi-component metallic nanomaterials were studied. Firstly, Ag-Cu core-shell and alloy bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a solventless mix-bake-wash method. The simple one-step heating process was assisted by salt powder as a template, obtaining small bimetallic nanomaterials. The particle structure could be controlled by tuning the annealing temperature to generate hetero-structured core-shell NPs or homogeneous alloys. Whereas the as-synthesized Ag@Cu core-shell NPs consist of a core of face-centered cubic (fcc) polycrystalline Ag NPs and a shell of fcc Cu including trace amounts of copper oxides, the AgCu nanoalloy was found to comprise a single-phase NP with the same crystal structure as that of Ag, without the copper oxide species. Cyclic voltammetric measurements confirmed the chemical identification of the surface species and their stability to oxidation. Secondly, rattle-structured nanomaterials composed of a gold nanorod in a mesoporous silica nanocapsule (AuNR@mSiO2) were prepared by a novel solution-based consecutive process. Uniform-sized gold NRs were encapsulated inside a silver nanoshell, followed by SiO2 coating through the sol-gel technique. After selectively etching away the silver inner layer, a rattle-structured nanomaterial was obtained. The AuNR@mSiO2 rattle-shaped nanostructures were highly uniform in morphology, and the inner hollow space and the thickness of the mesoporous silica layer were easily controlled by adjusting the amount of each chemical agent. The drug-loading properties of the nanomaterial and the regrowth control of the core nanoparticles were also studied.Chapter 1. Introduction: Various Synthetic Approaches of Multi-component Metallic Nanomaterials and Dissertation Overview 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Multi-component Metallic Nanomaterials 6 1.2.1 Various types of metal-metal and metal-silica nanostructures 6 1.2.2 Structure control of multi-component metallic nanomaterials 10 1.3 Synthesis of Multi-component Metallic Nanomaterials 14 1.3.1 Synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles 14 1.3.2 Synthesis of rattle-structured metal-silica nanomaterials 21 1.4 Characterization of Multi-component Metallic Nanomaterials 29 1.4.1 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 29 1.4.2 Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) 30 1.4.3 Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) 31 1.4.4 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 35 1.4.5 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 36 1.5 Dissertation Overview 41 References 44 Chapter 2. Synthesis of Ag-Cu Core-Shell and Alloy Nanoparticles via a Solventless Mix-Bake-Wash Approach 49 2.1 Introduction 49 2.2 Experimental Section 52 2.2.1 Chemicals 52 2.2.2 Synthesis of Ag@Cu core-shell NPs 52 2.2.3 Synthesis of AgCu alloy NPs 53 2.2.4 Physicochemical characterization 53 2.2.5 Electrochemical characterization 54 2.3 Results and Discussion 55 2.3.1 Controlled synthesis of Ag-Cu core-shell and alloy bimetallic nanoparticles 55 2.3.2 Structural and chemical characterization 64 2.3.3 Investigation of the effect of salt powder on the synthesis of Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles 71 2.3.4 Electrochemical analysis of Ag-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles 74 2.4 Conclusion 76 References 78 Chapter 3. Rattle Structured Nanomaterials of Gold Nanorod Encapsulated in Mesoporous Silica Nanocapsule for Drug Delivery and Nanoscaled Reaction 85 3.1 Introduction 85 3.2 Experimental Section 87 3.2.1 Chemicals 87 3.2.2 Preparation of Au nanorods 87 3.2.3 Synthesis of AuNR@Ag core/shell nanoparticles 88 3.2.4 Synthesis of AuNR@Ag@mSiO2 core/shell/shell nanoparticles 88 3.2.5 Synthesis of rattle-structured AuNR@mSiO2 core/void/shell nanoparticles 89 3.2.6 Loading of DOX 89 3.2.7 Regrowth of gold within rattle-structured AuNR@mSiO2 90 3.2.8 Characterization 91 3.3 Results and Discussion 92 3.3.1 Fabrication and characterization of rattle-structured AuNR@mSiO2 nanoparticles 92 3.3.2 Surface plasmon resonance properties 109 3.3.3 Drug loading on rattle-structured AuNR@mSiO2 nanoparticles 113 3.3.4 Chemical reactions in the void space 116 3.4 Conclusion 120 References 121 Chapter 4. Concluding Remarks 125 4.1 Conclusion 125 4.2 Future Aspects 128 Bibliography 130 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 139Docto

    Factors related to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ œ 2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ๋น„์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ๋“ค์„ Coxโ€˜s Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋… ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‘ ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„ ๋‹น๋‡จ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์‹œ๋„๋œ ํšก๋‹จ์  ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค.์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ๋‚ด์  ๋™๊ธฐ(์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ), ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€(๋‹น๋‡จ ์ง€์‹), ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘(์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค), ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ(์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์˜ ์งˆ), ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ์ง€์‹œ ์ดํ–‰(์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์‹์Šต๊ด€ ๋“ฑ)์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ง€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฉด๋‹ด์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•œ data triangulation ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์‹œ Y๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›๊ณผ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์‹œ M์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ œ 2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž ์ด 215๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ น์ด 65์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹นํ™”ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ 7%, ์—ฐ๋ น์ด 65์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋‹นํ™”ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ ์ˆ˜์น˜ 8% ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ 118๋ช…, ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ๋น„์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ 97๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๋ฉด๋‹ด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋Š” ์ด 16๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๋‡จ ์œ ๋ณ‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 5๋…„ ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์ž๋กœ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ(HbA1c <7%)๊ณผ ๋น„์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ(HbA1c โ‰ฅ9%) ๊ฐ๊ฐ 8๋ช…์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ˆ˜์ง‘๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ 2006๋…„ 8์›”24์ผ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 11์›” 24์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜€๋‹ค. ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์€ SPSS/WIN version 12.0์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ†ต๊ณ„, t-test, ฯ‡2-test ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ฉด๋‹ด ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ, ํ•˜์œ„๋ฒ”์ฃผ, ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.1. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋‹นํ™”ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” 7.48ยฑ1.16%์˜€๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ๋น„์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋‹นํ™”ํ˜ˆ์ƒ‰์†Œ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 6.77ยฑ0.54%, 8.35ยฑ1.13%์˜€๋‹ค.2. ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ๊ฐ„ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ์š”์ธ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๋ น, ๋™๊ฑฐํ˜•ํƒœ์˜€๊ณ  ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒํ˜•ํƒœ, ๋‹น๋‡จ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ˆ˜, ํ•ญ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ œ ๋ณต์šฉ์œ ๋ฌด, ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ ฅ ์œ ๋ฌด, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ ฅ ๋ช…์ˆ˜, ๋ณธ์ธ ์ธ์ง€ ๋‹น๋‡จ ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์ฆ ์œ ๋ฌด์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ๋ฆฌํ•™์  ์ง€ํ‘œ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์ฒด ๊ณ„์ธก์น˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต๋ณต์‹œ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น, ์‹ํ›„ 2์‹œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ˆ๋‹น, HDL์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค๊ณผ ์ค‘์„ฑ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ˆ˜์น˜์˜€๋‹ค. Cox ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์—ญ๋™์  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹น๋‡จ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ž๊ธฐ ํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ค‘ ์šด๋™ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ, ๋‹น๋‡จ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ค‘ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค์˜€๊ณ , Cox ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๊ฐ„ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ ์š”์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ์ /๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ •๋ณด ์ œ๊ณต์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์†Œ์ธ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ์ง€์‹œ ์ดํ–‰์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ์ •๋„(๊ฑท๊ธฐ, ์—ฌ๊ฐ€๊ด€๋ จ, ์ง์—…๊ด€๋ จ ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™), ๊ฐ„์‹๋นˆ๋„, ์ง€๋ฐฉ์งˆ ์Œ์‹ ์„ญ์ทจ๋นˆ๋„, ์Œ์ฃผ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.3. ๋ฉด๋‹ด ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ๋‚ด์  ๋™๊ธฐ, ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€, ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘, ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ์ง€์‹œ ์ดํ–‰, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์ด 5๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋กœ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์œ„๋ฒ”์ฃผ 28๊ฐœ, ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„์ˆ  113๊ฐœ๊ฐ€, ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ๋น„์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜์œ„๋ฒ”์ฃผ 26๊ฐœ, ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง„์ˆ  100๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.4. ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋‚ด์  ๋™๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ, ์ž๊ธฐํ†ต์ œ๊ฐ, ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์šฐ์„ ์ , ์กฐ์ ˆ, ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ธฐ, ์ •๋ณด ์ถ”๊ตฌ, ๊ธ์ •์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜, ๋‚ด์  ์„ฑ์ˆ™, ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํž˜๋ถ๋‹์šฐ๊ธฐ, ๊ธ์ •์ , ํž˜๋“ฌ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ์ง€์‹œ ์ดํ–‰์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด์ , ๊ทœ์น™์ , ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ , ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ , ์ ์‘, ํ™œ์šฉ ๋ฐ ์‘์šฉ, ์ž๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ, ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฐ์‹œ, ์ ˆ์ œ, ์ฒดํ—˜์˜ ๊ณต์œ , ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ํ˜‘์กฐ์ , ์นœ๋ฐ€๊ฐ, ์•„์‰ฌ์›€, ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•จ, ๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ, ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ถฉ์‹ค์„ฑ, ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•จ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ๋น„์–‘ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ตฐ์˜ ๋‚ด์  ๋™๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ž์ œ๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ, ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์ €ํ•˜, ์ธ์ง€์  ํ‰๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์—…๋ฌด์šฐ์„ ์ , ์ œํ•œ, ๋น„์ˆ˜์šฉ์ , ์ง€์‹๋ถ€์กฑ, ํšŒํ”ผ, ์ •์„œ์  ๋ฐ˜์‘์—์„œ๋Š” ํ›„ํšŒ, ์ขŒ์ ˆ๊ฐ, ๋ถ„๋…ธ, ์–‘๊ฐ€๊ฐ์ •, ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ฐ, ์ง€์ง€๋ถ€์กฑ, ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ƒํ™ฉ ์กด์žฌ, ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ์ง€์‹œ ์ดํ–‰์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋ฆฌํ™”, ์ž„์˜์„ฑ, ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ์ ‘๊ทผ, ๋ณด๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ, ํž˜๋“ฌ, ์ ˆ์ œ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์‹ , ๋น„์‹ค์šฉ์  ์„ค๋ช…, ์ผ๋ฐฉ์  ์ง€์‹œ, ๋ถˆ๋งŒ, ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•จ, ์ฐฝํ”ผํ•จ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„๋ฒ”์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.5. ์–‘์  ์ž๋ฃŒ์™€ ์งˆ์  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์–‘ํ˜ธ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์œ ๋™์ , ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ , ํ˜‘์กฐ์ , ์ž๊ธฐํ†ต์ œ์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ๋น„์–‘ํ˜ธ ์กฐ์ ˆ ํŠน์„ฑ์€ ์˜์ง€๋ถ€์กฑ, ํšŒํ”ผ, ๊ณ ์ฐฉ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ์‹ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ „ํ™˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹น๋‡จ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ค‘์žฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด data triangulation ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ ์ œ 2ํ˜• ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ์กฐ์ ˆ ๊ด€๋ จ ์š”์ธ์„ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹น๋‡จ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋„์›€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์žฌ ๋ฏธ์ง„ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹น๋‡จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ˜ˆ๋‹น ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์ด๋ฐ”์ง€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The purpose of this study was to identify glycemic control and compare experience of diabetes care between good and poor glycemic control groups with type 2 diabetic patients in the concept of Cox's Interactional Model Client Health Behavior.The research method of this study was a cross-sectional study based on the data triangulation in both qualitative data through semi-constructed interview and quantitative data through questionnaires on major variables of this study.The subjects for this study were total 215 with type 2 diabetes from Y university hospital in Seoul and M general hospital in Busan. The number of 118 were enrolled in good glycemic control group and that of 97 were enrolled in bad glycemic control group in accordance with their HbA1c level <7% or โ‰ค8% depends on age (less or more than 65 years). Among total 16 interviewees for semi-constructured interview, 8 were in the good glycemic control group (HbA1c level <7%) and the rest of 8 were in the bad glycemic control group (HbA1c level โ‰ฅ9%). The period of data collection was from August 24th to November 24th, 2006.The major findings of this study were described in below;1. The average HbA1c level of total patients was 7.48ยฑ1.16% and those of both good & bad glycemic control group were 6.77ยฑ0.54% and 8.35ยฑ1.13% respectively.2. The variables shown statistically significant difference between the good and the bad glycemic control group were age, person who lives with, treatment type, number of diabetes medicine, (not) taking anti-hypertensive drug, family histories of diabetes, number of diabetes in families and perceived diabetes complications, FBG, PPG, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride level from background variables. In the dynamic variables from Cox's Model, they were exercise related self-efficacy and emotional burden related diabetic stress. In the client-professional interaction from Cox's Model, they were overall satisfaction with treatment, professional/technical competencies and health information. Finally in adherence to recommended care regimen which is the health outcome of Cox's Model, they were the level of physical activities (walking, activities related to leisure and work), the frequency of having between-meals, fatty food and drinking.3. In content analysis, total 5 categories such as intrinsic motivation, cognitive appraisal, affective response, adherence to recommended care regimen and the relationship between clients and medical staffs, 28 subcategories and 113 significant statements were derived from the good glycemic control group and 26 subcategories and 100 significant statements were from the bad glycemic control group.4. From the good glycemic control group, the intrinsic motivation drew self-confidence and self-controlled, the cognitive appraisal drew control-oriented, regulation, self-realization, information search, switching to positive thinking and intrinsic development, the affective response drew self-empowerment, positive, hardship and anxiety, the adherence to the recommended care regimen drew unconditional, regular, concrete, goal-oriented, adaptation, utilization and application, self-assertive, self-monitoring, restriction and sharing of experiences, and the relationship between clients and medical staffs drew cooperative, intimacy, wanting, regrettable, satisfaction, repletion of treatment and gratitude. In the bad glycemic control group, the intrinsic motivation drew lack of self-control and low self-confidence, the cognitive appraisal drew work-oriented, restriction, unacceptable, lack of knowledge and avoidance, the affective response drew regret, frustration, anger, ambivalence, burden, lack of support and existence of conflict situation, the adherence to the recommended care regimen drew self rationalization, optional, irrational approach, hesitation and hardship, and the relationship between clients and medical staffs drew disbelief, impractical explanation, one-way instructions, complaint, regrettable and humiliation.5. The integrated results from both quantitative and qualitative data have shown that the major characteristics of good glycemic control were shiftable, reasonable, cooperative and self-controlled and those of bad glycemic control were turned out to be lack of will, avoidance and sticking or disbelief.This study has the significance in a sense that it applied data triangulation to timely meet the need to change the direction on research of diabetes patients and intervention. The results of this study will be contributed to improve the diabetic management for type 2 diabetes patients by identifying factors related to glycemic control comprehensively, providing practical guidance through understanding of diabetic care experiences.ope

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