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    λŒ€ν•œλ―Όκ΅­μ˜ ꡭ제기ꡬ λ‚΄ ꡭ제적 μ—­ν• κ³Ό κΈ°μ—¬: 지역 수호자, 지역 ν•˜λΆ€μ²΄μ œ ν˜‘λ ₯자, 개발자?

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ΅­μ œλŒ€ν•™μ› κ΅­μ œν•™κ³Ό(κ΅­μ œν˜‘λ ₯전곡), 2023. 2. ν•œμ •ν›ˆ.λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν˜„μ‹€μ£Όμ˜μ  μ™Έκ΅μ•ˆλ³΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ‹œκ°μ—μ„œ νŒŒμƒλœ ν™€μŠ€ν‹°μ˜ 역할이둠을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μœ λŸ½μ•ˆλ³΄ν˜‘λ ₯기ꡬ에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€ν•œλ―Όκ΅­μ˜ μ—­ν• κ³Ό 기여도λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•œλ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ μ—­ν•  이둠은 1970λ…„λŒ€μ— 처음 λ“±μž₯ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©° κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 역할에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 외ꡐ정책 κ²°μ •κ³Ό 행동을 μ˜λ―Έν•œλ‹€κ³  보고 있으며, μ •λΆ€μ˜ νƒœλ„, κ²°μ • 그리고 κΈ°λŠ₯을 ν¬ν•¨ν•œλ‹€κ³  κ·œμ •ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 이둠의 μ μš©μ€ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 μœ μš©μ„±μ„ κ°–κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 첫째둜 μœ λŸ½μ•ˆλ³΄ν˜‘λ ₯기ꡬ λ‚΄ μ€€ νšŒμ›κ΅­ μ§€μœ„λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ” 호주 및 일본과 같은 κ΅­κ°€λ“€κ³Ό ν•œκ΅­μ„ 비ꡐ할 수 있게 ν•œλ‹€. μ΄λŠ” ν™€μŠ€ν‹°κ°€ μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 17개의 μ—­ν• λ“€ 쀑 ν˜Έμ£Όμ™€ 일본이 λ³΄μœ ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 지역 수호자, 지역 ν•˜λΆ€μ²΄μ œ ν˜‘λ ₯자, 그리고 κ°œλ°œμžλΌλŠ” 역할을, 같은 μ€€ νšŒμ›κ΅­ μž…μž₯μ—μ„œ 비ꡐ 및 평가할 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λ‹€. λ‘˜μ§Έλ‘œ ν™€μŠ€ν‹°μ˜ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λŒ€ν•œλ―Όκ΅­μ— λŒ€ν•œ 평가가 보λ₯˜λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ, 1970λ…„λŒ€μ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 2020λ…„λŒ€μ˜ ν•œκ΅­ 외ꡐ에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ ꡭ가역할을 λΆ€μ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 의의λ₯Ό κ°–λŠ”λ‹€. 그리고 기여도 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 λ§₯λ½μ—μ„œ 학문적 의미λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ΅­λ‚΄ ν•™κ³„μ—μ„œ μœ λŸ½μ•ˆλ³΄ν˜‘λ ₯기ꡬ가 λΆλŒ€μ„œμ–‘μ‘°μ•½κΈ°κ΅¬ 및 μœ μ—”ν‰ν™”μœ μ§€κ΅°μ— λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ 덜 μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μœ λŸ½μ•ˆλ³΄ν˜‘λ ₯기ꡬ에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ ν•„μš”μ„±μ„ ν™˜κΈ°ν•œλ‹€. μš°μ„  μœ λŸ½μ•ˆλ³΄ν˜‘λ ₯기ꡬ에 λŒ€ν•œ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ 기여도λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ κΈ°μ‘΄ λ¬Έν—Œμ—μ„œ 크게 닀루고 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ€ λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό μ„ μ •ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨, λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μœ λŸ½μ•ˆλ³΄ν˜‘λ ₯기ꡬ와 λŒ€ν•œλ―Όκ΅­μ˜ μ–‘μžμ  관계에 λŒ€ν•œ νƒκ΅¬μ—μ„œ 머물지 μ•Šκ³  μ‹€μ§ˆμ  기여도λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λŠ” μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ κ°–λŠ”λ‹€. 이와 λ”λΆˆμ–΄ 기여도 μΈ‘μ •μ΄λΌλŠ” μ μ—μ„œ, ν•œκ΅­μ΄ μœ λŸ½μ•ˆλ³΄ν˜‘λ ₯기ꡬ에 자발적으둜 μ œκ³΅ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆμ‹­ 기금, νŠΉλ³„κΈ°κΈˆ, 전문인λ ₯ 제곡 등에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 보닀 μžμ„Έν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ „κ°œν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ ν•œκ΅­μ˜ λ…μžμ  κΈˆμ „μ  지원과 인적 지원을 μ—΄κ±°ν•˜κ³ , 이λ₯Ό 타 μ•„μ‹œμ•„ λ™λ°˜ ν˜‘λ ₯자 ꡭ가인 ν˜Έμ£Όμ™€ 일본의 기여도와 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ 곡톡점과 차이점을 λ„μΆœν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·Έλ¦¬ν•˜μ—¬ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 학문적 λ°œκ²¬μ„ νšλ“ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. μš°μ„  지역 수호자 μ—­ν• μ—μ„œλŠ” νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆμ‹­ 기금과 μ •μ±…ν˜‘λ ₯μ΄λΌλŠ” 두 가지 기여도 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ ν•œκ΅­κ³Ό 호주λ₯Ό λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆμ‹­ κΈ°κΈˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ κΈˆμ „μ  μ§€μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” ν˜Έμ£Όκ°€ ν•œκ΅­λ³΄λ‹€ κ·Όμ†Œν•˜κ²Œ 더 기여도가 크며, μ •μ±…ν˜‘λ ₯ κΈ°μ—¬λ„μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ΄ 기여도가 훨씬 더 크고 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보여진닀. 이λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ•½ν•œ κΈˆμ „μ  지원과 κ°•ν•œ 정책적 지원을 가진 지역 수호자 역할을 κ°–λŠ”λ‹€κ³  λ³Έλ‹€. 지역 ν•˜λΆ€μ²΄μ œ ν˜‘λ ₯자 μ—­ν• μ—μ„œλŠ” λ™μΌν•œ 기여도 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ 일본과 ν•œκ΅­μ„ λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆμ‹­ κΈ°κΈˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ κΈˆμ „μ  μ§€μ›μ—μ„œλŠ” 일본이 ν•œκ΅­λ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 기여도가 크며, μ •μ±…ν˜‘μ˜ κΈ°μ—¬λ„μ—μ„œλŠ” ν•œκ΅­μ΄ 기여도가 훨씬 더 크고 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 보여진닀. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 개발자 μ—­ν• μ—μ„œλŠ” νŠΉλ³„ 기금과 전문인λ ₯을 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, νŠΉλ³„κΈ°κΈˆμ˜ κΈ°μ—¬λ„μ—μ„œ 더 였랜 기간에 κ±Έμ³μ„œ 더 λ§Žμ€ κΈˆμ•‘κ³Ό λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 전문인λ ₯을 μ§€μ›ν•˜μ˜€μŒμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 이λ₯Ό 톡해 ν•œκ΅­μ€ 아직 μΌλ³Έλ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 덜 적극적인 역할을 보여주고 μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ „λ°˜μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³Ό λ•Œ λŒ€ν•œλ―Όκ΅­μ˜ μœ λŸ½μ•ˆλ³΄ν˜‘λ ₯기ꡬ λ‚΄ 역할은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같은 νŠΉμ§•μ„ κ°–λŠ”λ‹€κ³  결둠지을 수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀. 첫째, 지역 수호자 μ—­ν• μ—μ„œ λŒ€ν•œλ―Όκ΅­μ€ μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμΌλ¦¬μ•„λ³΄λ‹€ κ·Όμ†Œν•˜κ²Œ 적은 νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆμ‹­ 기금 기여와 크고 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 정책적 κΈ°μ—¬λ₯Ό 보인닀. λ‘˜μ§Έ, 지역 ν•˜λΆ€ 체제 ν˜‘λ ₯자 μ—­ν• μ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€ν•œλ―Όκ΅­μ€ 일본보닀 크게 적은 νŒŒνŠΈλ„ˆμ‹­ 기금 기여와 크고 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 정책적 κΈ°μ—¬λ₯Ό 보인닀. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ 개발자 μ—­ν• μ—μ„œ λŒ€ν•œλ―Όκ΅­μ€ 일본에 λΉ„ν•΄ 크게 적은 νŠΉλ³„ 기금 κΈ°μ—¬λ₯Ό 보여주며, 전문인λ ₯ κΈ°μ—¬ μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œλŠ” μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 짧고 적은 기여도λ₯Ό λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄κ³  μžˆλ‹€. ν•œκ΅­μ˜ μ—­ν•  평가λ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μ„Έ 가지 μ—­ν• μ—μ„œ ν•œκ΅­μ΄ κ°–λŠ” 강점과 약점을 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜λ©°, ν–₯ν›„ ν•œκ΅­ 외ꡐ에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ–΄λ–€ λ…Έλ ₯이 ν•„μš”ν•œμ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€.This research applies Holstis role theory derived from realist perspective on foreign security policy to evaluate the Republic of Koreas role and contribution to the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe. The role theory was introduced in the 1970s and this theory understands the role of the state as its foreign policy decision-making and its actions, and include attitude of the government, decisions and functions that are set together to be defined as the role. The application of this perspective contains numerous advantages throughout this research. Firstly, this theory enables South Korea to be compared with other Asian partnership for cooperation states such as Australia and Japan, who are already entitled with specific national roles assigned by Holsti. This is particularly because of the fact that, Australia with the regional protector role and Japan with the regional subsystem collaborator and the developer role, are eligible be to compare with South Korea as all of them are Asian partner states among seventeen different roles. Secondly, since Holsti left South Korea without any national role due to incomplete and insufficient data on its foreign policy and actions, it would be incredibly significant to define what role the ROK takes on in the 2020s that is quite different from the 1970s. Moreover, in the contribution dimension, this research delivers academic achievements as follows. This research gives important necessities on further studies on the OSCE, as the current studies tend to focus more on the United Nations, the UN Peacekeeping operations, and other regional security organizations such as the NATO or the ASEAN. By assessing South Koreas actual contribution to the OSCE that is not commonly discussed in the current literature, this paper aims to understand Koreas tangible contribution rather than simply focusing on the ROK-OSCE bilateral relationship. As this research concentrates on the contribution evaluation, it will include detailed assessment on partnership fund, special contribution, and personnel contribution provision. By following these steps, this research reveals similarities and differences between South Korea and Australia and Japan, who are Asian partnership for cooperation states. Therefore, this research could provide several crucial findings. First of all, in the regional protector role, Australia and South Korea were compared based on the partnership fund and policy cooperation. The result shows Australia has a slightly larger partnership fund than South Korea, while South Korea shows wider, and more diverse policy cooperation and this implies South Korea takes on regional protector role with weaker financial contribution but stronger policy contribution. Secondly, Japan and South Korea were compared according to the same contribution measurements from the first comparison. The result shows that Japan plays much a stronger financial contribution, while South Korea plays a wider, more diverse policy contribution in the regional subsystem collaborator role. Lastly, in the developer role Japan gives much a stronger contribution in both special funding and personnel dimension while South Korea shows its weakness and limitations as a latecomer. Thus, the role of the ROK to the OSCE covers the following features. Firstly, in the regional protector role, the Republic of Korea shows a slightly smaller financial contribution in the partnership fund than Australia and a wider and much diverse policy contribution than that of Australia. Secondly, South Korea clearly shows a much smaller financial contribution in the partnership fund than that of Japan, with a wider and much diverse policy contribution than Japan. Finally, in the developer role, the Republic of Korea shows shorter and smaller financial contribution in both special funding contribution and personnel contribution. By conducting an assessment on Koreas role and contribution, this research finds advantages and disadvantages from the three different roles, and these findings show what South Korea needs to improve in Koreas diplomacy in the near future.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Study of Background 1 1.2. Purpose of Research 3 Chapter 2. Literature Review 5 2.1. Realism and Middle Power 6 2.2. The OSCE, Northeast Asia, and South Korea 10 2.3. Roles, Motives, and Contributions 18 Chapter 3. Role Theory and Application 27 3.1. Holstis role theory 27 Chapter 4. OSCE 40 4.1. Overview 40 4.2. History and structure 42 4.3. Structure 50 4.4. Asian and Mediterranean Partners of the OSCE 56 4.5. South Korea-OSCE relations 63 Chapter 5. Korean Contribution: Three roles and analysis 67 5.1. Roles and States 67 5.2. Regional Protector 68 5.3. Regional Subsystem Collaborator 74 5.4. Developer 82 5.5. Role Evaluation 90 Chapter 6. Conclusion 92 Bibliography 95 Abstract in Korean 123석

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    Effects of Id2 deficiency in breast tumor initiation

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    λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ‘°μ§μ—μ„œ oncogene으둜 μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ”ErbB2 (v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2)λŠ” μœ λ°©μ•” ν™˜μžμ˜ 25%μ—μ„œ κ·Έ λ°œν˜„μ΄ ν˜„μ €νžˆ μ¦κ°€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€. ErbB2에 μ˜ν•œ μ’…μ–‘ 생성 과정은 졜근 μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™œλ°œνžˆ μ—°κ΅¬λ˜κ³  μžˆμœΌλ‚˜, μ•„μ§κΉŒμ§€ λͺ…ν™•ν•œ λΆ„μžμ  λ©”μ»€λ‹ˆμ¦˜μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이해가 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 싀정이닀. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ”, ErbB2 λ₯Ό 유방 μƒν”Όμ„Έν¬μ—μ„œ 특이적으둜 κ³Όλ°œν˜„ μ‹œν‚¨ ν˜•μ§ˆ μ „ν™˜ 마우슀의 μ’…μ–‘μ—μ„œ Id2 (inhibitor of DNA binding 2)의 λ°œν˜„μ΄ 크게 μ¦κ°€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , 일련의in vitro μ‹€ν—˜λ“€μ„ 톡해 ErbB2μ‹ ν˜Έμ˜ ν™œμ„±ν™”μ— μ˜ν•΄ Id2의 λ°œν˜„μ΄ μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‘°μ ˆλœλ‹€λŠ” 것을 규λͺ…ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ, ErbB2에 μ˜ν•΄ μœ μ„  쑰직의 쒅양이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ Id2의 μž‘μš©μ„ 규λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ ErbB2 및 active-ErbB2의 κ³Όλ°œν˜„ λ§ˆμš°μŠ€μ™€ Id2 결손 마우슀λ₯Ό κ΅λ°°ν•œ ν›„ μ’…μ–‘μ˜ ν˜•μ„± 및 진행을 μ‘°μ‚¬ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, Id2κ°€ μ—†λŠ” 마우슀의 μœ μ„ μ—μ„œλŠ” ErbB2의 κ³Όλ°œν˜„μ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  유방 μƒν”Όμ„Έν¬μ˜ 뢄열이 ν˜„μ €νžˆ κ°μ†Œν•˜κ³  결과적으둜 쒅양이 μ „ν˜€ ν˜•μ„±λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. 결둠적으둜 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ErbB2의 μž‘μš©μ— μ˜ν•΄ 쒅양이 ν˜•μ„±λ˜λŠ” κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ Id2κ°€ ErbB2 μ‹ ν˜Έμ˜ ν•˜μœ„μ—μ„œ μž‘μš©ν•˜μ—¬ 세포 λΆ„μ—΄μ˜ μœ λ„ 및 μ’…μ–‘ ν˜•μ„±μ— 결정적인 역할을 ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 증λͺ…ν•΄ μ£Όκ³  μžˆλ‹€.ErbB2(v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2) have Oncogenic roles in many organs. ErbB2 expression is dramatically increased on 25% of breast cancer patients. There are many studies in respect of ErbB2 induced tumorigenesis, but we have shortfall in understanding of obvious molecular mechanism. In this study, we find abnormal hyper expression of Id2 in mammary gland tumors that grown in mammary specific ErbB2 expressed transgenic mouse. Through the series of in vitro experiments, we investigate that activation of ErbB2 directly regulates Id2 expression. Furthermore, for identify Id2s role in ErbB2 induced tumor forming step, we cross ErbB2 or active ErbB2 transgenic mouse with Id2 Knock out mouse. Next, we observe initiation and progression of tumor. In the case of Id2 deficient mammary gland, Even though ErbB2 expression is elevated, proliferation of mammary epithelial is remarkably decreased, and we do not find any tumor at all. In conclusion, this study define Id2 have critical role in induction of mammary epithelial cell proliferation and tumor formation on downstream of ErbB2 pathway.λͺ©μ°¨(contents) β… . ꡭ문초둝 …………………………………………………………5 β…‘. μ„œλ¬Έ ………………………………………………………………6 β…’. 결과………………………………………………………………10 β…’-1. ErbB2 κ³Όλ°œν˜„ μ’…μ–‘μ—μ„œ Id2의 λ°œν˜„μ΄ μ¦κ°€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλ‹€. β…’-2. ErbB2 μ‹ ν˜Έ ν™œμ„±ν™”μ— μ˜ν•΄ Id2의 λ°œν˜„μ΄ μ‘°μ ˆλœλ‹€. β…’-3. Id2의 결손이 ErbB2에 μ˜ν•œ 쒅양생성을 μ–΅μ œν•œλ‹€. β…’-4. Id2-/-; ErbB2 Tgμ—μ„œ μ’…μ–‘ μ „ λ‹¨κ³„μ˜ 쑰직은 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€. β…’-5. Id2의 결손은 μ„Έν¬μ˜ 증식을 μ–΅μ œν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ 쒅양생성을 λ§‰λŠ”λ‹€. β…£. κ³ μ°° ………………………………………………………………27 β…€. μ‹€ν—˜λ°©λ²• ………………………………………………………32 β…€-1. 마우슀 β…€-2. 항체 β…€-3. λ‹¨λ°±μ§ˆ μΆ”μΆœ 및 western blot 뢄석 β…€-4. λ©΄μ—­ ν˜•κ΄‘ 염색 β…€-5. Whole-mount analysis β…€-6. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR β…₯. μ°Έκ³ λ¬Έν—Œ ………………………………………………………35 β…¦. abstract ………………………………………………………38Maste

    The Use of Twitter for fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic: The case of Governors and Senators in the United States

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) -- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λŒ€ν•™μ› : ν–‰μ •λŒ€ν•™μ› ν–‰μ •ν•™κ³Ό(행정학전곡), 2022. 8. 엄석진.μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19λ₯Ό λΉ„λ‘―ν•œ μž¬λ‚œμƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ •λΆ€λŠ” μž¬λ‚œμ •λ³΄λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄, 특히 Twitterλ₯Ό 점점 더 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ •λΆ€μ˜ μž¬λ‚œ λŒ€μ‘μ— μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 싀정이닀. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19μ‹œκΈ°μ— 미ꡭ의 주지사와 μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ΄ λˆ„κ°€, μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜, μ–΄λ–€ λ‚΄μš©μœΌλ‘œ νŠΈμœ„ν„°λ₯Ό 행정에 ν™œμš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 밝히고자 ν•œλ‹€. ꡬ체적으둜, 주지사와 μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ˜ (1) 전체 νŠΈμœ—μˆ˜, μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19μ‹œκΈ° νŠΈμœ—μˆ˜, νŒ”λ‘œμž‰μˆ˜, νŒ”λ‘œμ›Œμˆ˜, (2) μ†Œμ†μ •λ‹Ή(곡화당, λ―Όμ£Όλ‹Ή)에 따라 νŠΈμœ— λ‚΄μš©μ˜ 의미둠적 차이λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 2가지 μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œλ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν–ˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 2020λ…„ 01μ›” 19일뢀터 2022λ…„ 04μ›” 23μΌκΉŒμ§€ 미ꡭ의 50개주 주지사 48λͺ…κ³Ό μƒμ›μ˜μ› 99λͺ…μ˜ νŠΈμœ—μ„ ν¬λ‘€λ§ν•˜μ—¬ κΈ°μˆ ν†΅κ³„λΆ„μ„μ„ μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 주지사와 μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ˜ μ†Œμ†μ •λ‹Ήμ— 따라 μ–΄λ–€ λ‚΄μš©μœΌλ‘œ νŠΈμœ—μ„ μž‘μ„±ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ˜λ―Έλ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λΆ„μ„(λ‹¨μ–΄λΉˆλ„λΆ„μ„, 쀑심성 뢄석, CONCOR 뢄석)을 μ‹€μ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19μ‹œκΈ°μ— 주지사와 μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ— 따라 νŠΈμœ„ν„° ν™œμš©μˆ˜μ€€μ˜ 차이가 크지 μ•ŠλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 주지사와 μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ˜ 전체 νŠΈμœ—μˆ˜, νŒ”λ‘œμž‰μˆ˜, νŒ”λ‘œμ›Œμˆ˜μ— λΉ„ν•΄ μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19μ‹œκΈ° νŠΈμœ—μˆ˜μ˜ ν‘œμ€€νŽΈμ°¨κ°€ 맀우 μž‘μ€ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, 주지사와 달리, μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ€ μ†Œμ†μ •λ‹Ήμ— 따라 μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19 ν‚€μ›Œλ“œ νŠΈμœ— λ‚΄μš©μ— 의미적 차이가 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. μ£Όμ§€μ‚¬μ˜ μ†Œμ†μ •λ‹Ήμ— 상관없이 μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19 ν‚€μ›Œλ“œ νŠΈμœ— λ‚΄μš©μ€ 건강에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ 두고 μžˆμ—ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λ―Όμ£Όλ‹Ήκ³Ό 달리, 곡화당 μ†Œμ† μƒμ›μ˜μ›μ˜ μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19 ν‚€μ›Œλ“œ νŠΈμœ— λ‚΄μš©μ€ 바이든 ν–‰μ •λΆ€μ™€μ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ  κ°ˆλ“±κ³Ό κ²½μ œμ— μ΄ˆμ μ„ 두고 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έλ™μ•ˆ μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19와 같은 감염병 μœ„κΈ°μƒν™©μ—μ„œ νŠΈμœ„ν„°μ˜ ν™œμš©μ€ μ‹ μ†ν•œ 정보전달과 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹œλ―Όλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ •λΆ€μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό μ œκ³ ν•  κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 전망이 μ§€λ°°μ μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” μ •μΉ˜μΈμ˜ μ†Œμ†μ •λ‹Ήμ—μ„œ κΈ°μΈν•œ μ •λ³΄νŽΈν–₯의 κ°€λŠ₯성을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19와 같은 μ‚¬νšŒμ  ν˜Όλž€κ³Ό λΆˆν™•μ‹€μ„±μ΄ 높은 μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ •λΆ€κ°€ νŠΈμœ„ν„°λ₯Ό 적극적으둜 ν™œμš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ—°λ°©μ •λΆ€ μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ κ°€μ΄λ“œλΌμΈμ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ μ œμ‹œν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ³΄μ•˜λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” ν•œκ΅­λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 정뢀듀이 μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19와 같은 감염병 μœ„κΈ°μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ°Έκ³ ν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€ν•œλ‹€.Governments are increasingly using social media, especially Twitter, to provide information during crisis events, including the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is lack of research on how governments respond to crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, using social media. Accordingly, this study examines the governors and senators who used Twitter for administrative purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic, the extent to which they did so, and the content published. That is, this study set Research Questions to determine (1) differences between the governors’ and senators’ total number of tweets, number of tweets during the COVID-19 period, number of followings and number of followers, and (2) semantic differences in the tweets’ content based on political party (Republican and Democratic). This study crawled tweets of 48 governors and 99 senators across 50 US states from January 19, 2020, to April 23, 2022, and examined them using descriptive statistical analysis. Additionally, this study analyzed their content using semantic network analysis; text-mining, word frequency analysis, centrality analysis, and CONCOR analysis were also performed. As a result, this study found no significant differences in Twitter usage level between the governors and senators of both political parties during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the standard deviation of tweets during COVID-19 was no significant compared to the total number of tweets, number of followings, and number of followers. Further, while no semantic difference existed in the content of governors’ COVID-19 keyword tweets depending on their party, such a difference was found for senators. This is because all governors’ tweets focused on health, while Republican senators’ tweets also focused on the economy and political conflict. Therefore, although governments can use Twitter for rapid information dissemination and trust building, information bias can occur depending on the communicating official’s party affiliation. Therefore, federal guidelines are needed regarding active use of Twitter during crises. This study can serve as a reference for other countries’ governments, such as South Korea, in using social media during crises.제 1 μž₯ μ„œλ‘  12 제 1 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λ°°κ²½ 및 λͺ©μ  12 제 2 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒκ³Ό 방법 15 1. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€μƒ 15 2. μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 방법 16 제 2 μž₯ 이둠적 λ°°κ²½ 및 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  18 제 1 절 ν–‰μ •μ—μ„œμ˜ μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄ ν™œμš© 18 1. μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄μ˜ μ •μ˜μ™€ μ’…λ₯˜ 18 2. μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄ ν™œμš©μ˜ μž₯점과 단점 19 제 2 절 μž¬λ‚œμƒν™©μ—μ„œμ˜ νŠΈμœ„ν„° ν™œμš© 22 1. μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19에 λŒ€ν•œ λ―Έκ΅­ μ •λΆ€μ˜ λŒ€μ‘ 22 2. μ½”λ‘œλ‚˜-19 λŒ€μ‘κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œμ˜ νŠΈμœ„ν„° ν™œμš© 22 제 3 절 선행연ꡬ κ²€ν†  25 1. ν–‰μ •μ—μ„œμ˜ μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄ ν™œμš© 25 2. μž¬λ‚œμƒν™©μ—μ„œμ˜ μ†Œμ…œλ―Έλ””μ–΄ ν™œμš© 26 제 3 μž₯ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ 섀계 29 제 1 절 κΈ°μˆ ν†΅κ³„λΆ„μ„ 29 1. μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œ 29 2. 뢄석항λͺ© 30 3. 뢄석방법 31 제 2 절 μ˜λ―Έλ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λΆ„μ„ 32 1. μ—°κ΅¬λ¬Έμ œ 32 2. λΆ„μ„μ ˆμ°¨ 33 3. 뢄석방법 36 1) 자료 μˆ˜μ§‘ 36 2) ν…μŠ€νŠΈλ§ˆμ΄λ‹κ³Ό 자료 μ „μ²˜λ¦¬ 37 3) μ˜λ―Έλ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λΆ„μ„ 38 (1) 쀑심성 뢄석 39 (2) CONCOR 뢄석 40 제 4 절 자료 μˆ˜μ§‘ 방법 41 제 4 μž₯ 뢄석결과 및 λ…Όμ˜ 43 제 1 절 κΈ°μˆ ν†΅κ³„λΆ„μ„ 43 1. μΌλ°˜ν˜„ν™© 43 1) 주지사와 μƒμ›μ˜μ› 43 2) 주지사와 μƒμ›μ˜μ›κ°„μ˜ 비ꡐ 46 2. 정당별 ν˜„ν™© 48 1) 주지사와 μƒμ›μ˜μ› 48 2) 주지사와 μƒμ›μ˜μ›κ°„μ˜ 비ꡐ 50 3. κ°œμΈλ³„ ν˜„ν™© 53 4. μ†Œκ²° 56 제 2 절 μ˜λ―Έλ„€νŠΈμ›Œν¬λΆ„μ„ 58 1. λ‹¨μ–΄λΉˆλ„λΆ„μ„ 58 1) 주지사 58 2) μƒμ›μ˜μ› 61 2. 쀑심성 뢄석 66 1) 주지사 66 2) μƒμ›μ˜μ› 71 3. CONCOR 뢄석 79 1) 주지사 79 2) μƒμ›μ˜μ› 81 4. μ†Œκ²° 85 5. λΆ„μ„κ²°κ³Όμ˜ μ’…ν•© 86 제 5 μž₯ κ²°λ‘  95 제 1 절 연ꡬ결과 및 μ‹œμ‚¬μ  95 제 2 절 μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ ν•œκ³„ 및 후속연ꡬ μ œμ–Έ 99석
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