17 research outputs found
λνλ―Όκ΅μ κ΅μ 기ꡬ λ΄ κ΅μ μ μν κ³Ό κΈ°μ¬: μ§μ μνΈμ, μ§μ νλΆμ²΄μ νλ ₯μ, κ°λ°μ?
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬) -- μμΈλνκ΅λνμ : κ΅μ λνμ κ΅μ νκ³Ό(κ΅μ νλ ₯μ 곡), 2023. 2. νμ ν.λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ νμ€μ£Όμμ μΈκ΅μ보μ λν μκ°μμ νμλ νμ€ν°μ μν μ΄λ‘ μ νμ©νμ¬ μ λ½μ보νλ ₯기ꡬμ λν λνλ―Όκ΅μ μν κ³Ό κΈ°μ¬λλ₯Ό νκ°νλ€. μ¬κΈ°μ μν μ΄λ‘ μ 1970λ
λμ μ²μ λ±μ₯νμμΌλ©° κ΅κ°μ μν μ λν΄μ κ΅κ°μ μΈκ΅μ μ±
κ²°μ κ³Ό νλμ μλ―Ένλ€κ³ λ³΄κ³ μμΌλ©°, μ λΆμ νλ, κ²°μ κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κΈ°λ₯μ ν¬ν¨νλ€κ³ κ·μ νκ³ μλ€. μ΄λ¬ν μ΄λ‘ μ μ μ©μ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ μ μ©μ±μ κ°κ³ μλ€. μ²«μ§Έλ‘ μ λ½μ보νλ ₯기ꡬ λ΄ μ€ νμκ΅ μ§μλ₯Ό κ°λ νΈμ£Ό λ° μΌλ³Έκ³Ό κ°μ κ΅κ°λ€κ³Ό νκ΅μ λΉκ΅ν μ μκ² νλ€. μ΄λ νμ€ν°κ° μ μνκ³ μλ 17κ°μ μν λ€ μ€ νΈμ£Όμ μΌλ³Έμ΄ 보μ νκ³ μλ μ§μ μνΈμ, μ§μ νλΆμ²΄μ νλ ₯μ, κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κ°λ°μλΌλ μν μ, κ°μ μ€ νμκ΅ μ
μ₯μμ λΉκ΅ λ° νκ°ν μ μκΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. λμ§Έλ‘ νμ€ν°μ μ°κ΅¬μμ λνλ―Όκ΅μ λν νκ°κ° 보λ₯λμλ€λ μ μμ, 1970λ
λμ λ€λ₯Έ 2020λ
λμ νκ΅ μΈκ΅μ λν΄μ κ΅κ°μν μ λΆμ¬ν μ μλ€λ μμλ₯Ό κ°λλ€.
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ κΈ°μ¬λ μΈ‘λ©΄μμλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ λ§₯λ½μμ νλ¬Έμ μλ―Έλ₯Ό μ λ¬νκ³ μλ€. κ΅λ΄ νκ³μμ μ λ½μ보νλ ₯κΈ°κ΅¬κ° λΆλμμμ‘°μ½κΈ°κ΅¬ λ° μ μννμ μ§κ΅°μ λΉν΄μ λ μλ €μ Έ μλ€λ μ μμ μ λ½μ보νλ ₯기ꡬμ λν μ°κ΅¬ νμμ±μ νκΈ°νλ€. μ°μ μ λ½μ보νλ ₯기ꡬμ λν μ€μ§μ μΈ κΈ°μ¬λλ₯Ό νκ°ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ κΈ°μ‘΄ λ¬Ένμμ ν¬κ² λ€λ£¨κ³ μμ§ μμ λΆμΌλ₯Ό μ μ ν¨μΌλ‘μ¨, λ¨μν μ λ½μ보νλ ₯기ꡬμ λνλ―Όκ΅μ μμμ κ΄κ³μ λν νꡬμμ λ¨Έλ¬Όμ§ μκ³ μ€μ§μ κΈ°μ¬λλ₯Ό νμ
νλ μ€μμ±μ κ°λλ€. μ΄μ λλΆμ΄ κΈ°μ¬λ μΈ‘μ μ΄λΌλ μ μμ, νκ΅μ΄ μ λ½μ보νλ ₯기ꡬμ μλ°μ μΌλ‘ μ 곡νκ³ μλ ννΈλμ κΈ°κΈ, νΉλ³κΈ°κΈ, μ λ¬ΈμΈλ ₯ μ 곡 λ±μ λν΄μ λ³΄λ€ μμΈν μ°κ΅¬λ₯Ό μ κ°νκ³ μλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄μ νκ΅μ λ
μμ κΈμ μ μ§μκ³Ό μΈμ μ§μμ μ΄κ±°νκ³ , μ΄λ₯Ό ν μμμ λλ° νλ ₯μ κ΅κ°μΈ νΈμ£Όμ μΌλ³Έμ κΈ°μ¬λμ λΉκ΅νμ¬ κ³΅ν΅μ κ³Ό μ°¨μ΄μ μ λμΆνκ³ μλ€.
그리νμ¬ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ νλ¬Έμ λ°κ²¬μ νλν μ μμλ€. μ°μ μ§μ μνΈμ μν μμλ ννΈλμ κΈ°κΈκ³Ό μ μ±
νλ ₯μ΄λΌλ λ κ°μ§ κΈ°μ¬λ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ νκ΅κ³Ό νΈμ£Όλ₯Ό λΉκ΅νμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄μ ννΈλμ κΈ°κΈμ λν κΈμ μ μ§μμμλ νΈμ£Όκ° νκ΅λ³΄λ€ κ·Όμνκ² λ κΈ°μ¬λκ° ν¬λ©°, μ μ±
νλ ₯ κΈ°μ¬λμμλ νκ΅μ΄ κΈ°μ¬λκ° ν¨μ¬ λ ν¬κ³ λ€μν κ²μΌλ‘ 보μ¬μ§λ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄μ μ½ν κΈμ μ μ§μκ³Ό κ°ν μ μ±
μ μ§μμ κ°μ§ μ§μ μνΈμ μν μ κ°λλ€κ³ λ³Έλ€. μ§μ νλΆμ²΄μ νλ ₯μ μν μμλ λμΌν κΈ°μ¬λ μΈ‘λ©΄μμ μΌλ³Έκ³Ό νκ΅μ λΉκ΅νμλ€. μ¬κΈ°μ ννΈλμ κΈ°κΈμ λν κΈμ μ μ§μμμλ μΌλ³Έμ΄ νκ΅λ³΄λ€ ν¨μ¬ κΈ°μ¬λκ° ν¬λ©°, μ μ±
νμ κΈ°μ¬λμμλ νκ΅μ΄ κΈ°μ¬λκ° ν¨μ¬ λ ν¬κ³ λ€μν κ²μΌλ‘ 보μ¬μ§λ€. λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ κ°λ°μ μν μμλ νΉλ³ κΈ°κΈκ³Ό μ λ¬ΈμΈλ ₯μ λΉκ΅νμμΌλ©°, νΉλ³κΈ°κΈμ κΈ°μ¬λμμ λ μ€λ κΈ°κ°μ κ±Έμ³μ λ λ§μ κΈμ‘κ³Ό λ€μν μ λ¬ΈμΈλ ₯μ μ§μνμμμ λ°κ²¬ν μ μμλ€. μ΄λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄ νκ΅μ μμ§ μΌλ³Έλ³΄λ€λ λ μ κ·Ήμ μΈ μν μ 보μ¬μ£Όκ³ μλ€.
λ°λΌμ μ λ°μ μΌλ‘ λ³Ό λ λνλ―Όκ΅μ μ λ½μ보νλ ₯기ꡬ λ΄ μν μ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ νΉμ§μ κ°λλ€κ³ κ²°λ‘ μ§μ μ μμ κ²μ΄λ€. 첫째, μ§μ μνΈμ μν μμ λνλ―Όκ΅μ μ€μ€νΈλ μΌλ¦¬μλ³΄λ€ κ·Όμνκ² μ μ ννΈλμ κΈ°κΈ κΈ°μ¬μ ν¬κ³ λ€μν μ μ±
μ κΈ°μ¬λ₯Ό 보μΈλ€. λμ§Έ, μ§μ νλΆ μ²΄μ νλ ₯μ μν μμλ λνλ―Όκ΅μ μΌλ³Έλ³΄λ€ ν¬κ² μ μ ννΈλμ κΈ°κΈ κΈ°μ¬μ ν¬κ³ λ€μν μ μ±
μ κΈ°μ¬λ₯Ό 보μΈλ€. λ§μ§λ§μΌλ‘ κ°λ°μ μν μμ λνλ―Όκ΅μ μΌλ³Έμ λΉν΄ ν¬κ² μ μ νΉλ³ κΈ°κΈ κΈ°μ¬λ₯Ό 보μ¬μ£Όλ©°, μ λ¬ΈμΈλ ₯ κΈ°μ¬ μΈ‘λ©΄μμλ μλμ μΌλ‘ μ§§κ³ μ μ κΈ°μ¬λλ₯Ό λνλ΄κ³ μλ€. νκ΅μ μν νκ°λ₯Ό ν΅ν΄μ μΈ κ°μ§ μν μμ νκ΅μ΄ κ°λ κ°μ κ³Ό μ½μ μ νμ
νλ©°, ν₯ν νκ΅ μΈκ΅μ μμ΄μ μ΄λ€ λ
Έλ ₯μ΄ νμνμ§μ λν΄μ μ μ μμλ€.This research applies Holstis role theory derived from realist perspective on foreign security policy to evaluate the Republic of Koreas role and contribution to the Organization of Security and Cooperation in Europe. The role theory was introduced in the 1970s and this theory understands the role of the state as its foreign policy decision-making and its actions, and include attitude of the government, decisions and functions that are set together to be defined as the role. The application of this perspective contains numerous advantages throughout this research.
Firstly, this theory enables South Korea to be compared with other Asian partnership for cooperation states such as Australia and Japan, who are already entitled with specific national roles assigned by Holsti. This is particularly because of the fact that, Australia with the regional protector role and Japan with the regional subsystem collaborator and the developer role, are eligible be to compare with South Korea as all of them are Asian partner states among seventeen different roles. Secondly, since Holsti left South Korea without any national role due to incomplete and insufficient data on its foreign policy and actions, it would be incredibly significant to define what role the ROK takes on in the 2020s that is quite different from the 1970s.
Moreover, in the contribution dimension, this research delivers academic achievements as follows. This research gives important necessities on further studies on the OSCE, as the current studies tend to focus more on the United Nations, the UN Peacekeeping operations, and other regional security organizations such as the NATO or the ASEAN. By assessing South Koreas actual contribution to the OSCE that is not commonly discussed in the current literature, this paper aims to understand Koreas tangible contribution rather than simply focusing on the ROK-OSCE bilateral relationship. As this research concentrates on the contribution evaluation, it will include detailed assessment on partnership fund, special contribution, and personnel contribution provision. By following these steps, this research reveals similarities and differences between South Korea and Australia and Japan, who are Asian partnership for cooperation states.
Therefore, this research could provide several crucial findings. First of all, in the regional protector role, Australia and South Korea were compared based on the partnership fund and policy cooperation. The result shows Australia has a slightly larger partnership fund than South Korea, while South Korea shows wider, and more diverse policy cooperation and this implies South Korea takes on regional protector role with weaker financial contribution but stronger policy contribution. Secondly, Japan and South Korea were compared according to the same contribution measurements from the first comparison. The result shows that Japan plays much a stronger financial contribution, while South Korea plays a wider, more diverse policy contribution in the regional subsystem collaborator role. Lastly, in the developer role Japan gives much a stronger contribution in both special funding and personnel dimension while South Korea shows its weakness and limitations as a latecomer.
Thus, the role of the ROK to the OSCE covers the following features. Firstly, in the regional protector role, the Republic of Korea shows a slightly smaller financial contribution in the partnership fund than Australia and a wider and much diverse policy contribution than that of Australia. Secondly, South Korea clearly shows a much smaller financial contribution in the partnership fund than that of Japan, with a wider and much diverse policy contribution than Japan. Finally, in the developer role, the Republic of Korea shows shorter and smaller financial contribution in both special funding contribution and personnel contribution. By conducting an assessment on Koreas role and contribution, this research finds advantages and disadvantages from the three different roles, and these findings show what South Korea needs to improve in Koreas diplomacy in the near future.Chapter 1. Introduction 1
1.1. Study of Background 1
1.2. Purpose of Research 3
Chapter 2. Literature Review 5
2.1. Realism and Middle Power 6
2.2. The OSCE, Northeast Asia, and South Korea 10
2.3. Roles, Motives, and Contributions 18
Chapter 3. Role Theory and Application 27
3.1. Holstis role theory 27
Chapter 4. OSCE 40
4.1. Overview 40
4.2. History and structure 42
4.3. Structure 50
4.4. Asian and Mediterranean Partners of the OSCE 56
4.5. South Korea-OSCE relations 63
Chapter 5. Korean Contribution: Three roles and analysis 67
5.1. Roles and States 67
5.2. Regional Protector 68
5.3. Regional Subsystem Collaborator 74
5.4. Developer 82
5.5. Role Evaluation 90
Chapter 6. Conclusion 92
Bibliography 95
Abstract in Korean 123μ
(A)Expression of clay-layer used to fibroid material
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :λμμΈνλΆ λμμ 곡,2007.Maste
IPCAμ μμ§μ μμΈ‘μ μ΄μ©ν νν°ν΄ νν°μμμ κ°μΈν μΌκ΅΄ μΆμ
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ε§δΈζ θͺη΅ε η‘η©Ά
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬) --μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :κ³ κ³ λ―Έμ μ¬νκ³Ό(λ―Έμ μ¬μ 곡),2008. 8.Maste
μμΆ μ§μλ₯Ό μ΄μ©ν νΈλν°μ μμ μ± μμΈ‘
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :λ곡νκ³Ό λμ
κΈ°κ³μ 곡,1999.Maste
μ΄λ¦°μΆ©λ¨ 50νΈ-[μ€νΌλμΈ]λ°±μ λ¬Ένμ λ₯Ό λ°μ μμΌμΌ νλ μ΄μ
μΆμ λ₯Ό λ§λλ μ¬λλ€μ μμ€μ΄ νμ¬ μμ€μ κ²°μ νλ€λ λ§μ΄ μλ€. κ°λ Ή, μΆμ λ₯Ό λ§λλ νμμ(Agent)μ μλͺ©κ³Ό κΈ°μ , μμ μ λ¬Ένμ κ°κ°μ΄ μ΄λ νκ°μ λ°λΌ κ·Έ μΆμ μ μμ€μ μμ£Ό λ€λ₯Έ λͺ¨μμΌλ‘ λ°λμ΄μ§κΈ° λλ¬Έμ΄λ€. μΆμ λ΄λΉμ μ€μ€λ‘ μ§μμ νμμ± νΉμ λ€λ₯Έ λ§λ‘ λ‘컬리μ¦μ λ°μ΄λκ³ μ νλ κ²½μ°λΌλ©΄ μΌλ§λ μ§ μ κ΅ μΆμ νλ‘, λ λμκ° κ΅μ μ±μ κ°λ μΆμ λ‘ λ°λμν μ μλ 쑰건μ κ°μ·λ€κ³ ν μ μλ€.
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Έλ ₯μ΄ λ³νλ λ λΉλ‘μ μΈκ³μ μΆμ λ‘ μ리ν μ μλ€λ μ£Όμ₯μ΄ ν¨μ¬ μ€λλ ₯ μκ² λ€λ¦°λ€.
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Όλ¬Έ(μμ¬)--μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ :μ€μ΄μ€λ¬Ένκ³Ό λ¬Ένμ 곡,2004.Maste
Effects of Id2 deficiency in breast tumor initiation
λ€μν μ‘°μ§μμ oncogeneμΌλ‘ μμ©νλErbB2 (v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2)λ μ λ°©μ νμμ 25%μμ κ·Έ λ°νμ΄ νμ ν μ¦κ°λμ΄ μλ€. ErbB2μ μν μ’
μ μμ± κ³Όμ μ μ΅κ·Ό μ μΈκ³μ μΌλ‘ νλ°ν μ°κ΅¬λκ³ μμΌλ, μμ§κΉμ§ λͺ
νν λΆμμ λ©μ»€λμ¦μ λν μ΄ν΄κ° λΆμ‘±ν μ€μ μ΄λ€. λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬μμλ, ErbB2 λ₯Ό μ λ°© μνΌμΈν¬μμ νΉμ΄μ μΌλ‘ κ³Όλ°ν μν¨ νμ§ μ ν λ§μ°μ€μ μ’
μμμ Id2 (inhibitor of DNA binding 2)μ λ°νμ΄ ν¬κ² μ¦κ°λμ΄ μλ€λ μ¬μ€μ λ°κ²¬νμκ³ , μΌλ ¨μin vitro μ€νλ€μ ν΅ν΄ ErbB2μ νΈμ νμ±νμ μν΄ Id2μ λ°νμ΄ μ§μ μ μΌλ‘ μ‘°μ λλ€λ κ²μ κ·λͺ
νμλ€. λΏλ§ μλλΌ, ErbB2μ μν΄ μ μ μ‘°μ§μ μ’
μμ΄ νμ±λλ κ³Όμ μμ μ΄λ¬ν Id2μ μμ©μ κ·λͺ
νκΈ° μνμ¬ ErbB2 λ° active-ErbB2μ κ³Όλ°ν λ§μ°μ€μ Id2 κ²°μ λ§μ°μ€λ₯Ό κ΅λ°°ν ν μ’
μμ νμ± λ° μ§νμ μ‘°μ¬ν κ²°κ³Ό, Id2κ° μλ λ§μ°μ€μ μ μ μμλ ErbB2μ κ³Όλ°νμλ λΆκ΅¬νκ³ μ λ°© μνΌμΈν¬μ λΆμ΄μ΄ νμ ν κ°μνκ³ κ²°κ³Όμ μΌλ‘ μ’
μμ΄ μ ν νμ±λμ§ μλλ€λ κ²μ μ μ μμλ€. κ²°λ‘ μ μΌλ‘ λ³Έ μ°κ΅¬λ ErbB2μ μμ©μ μν΄ μ’
μμ΄ νμ±λλ κ³Όμ μμ Id2κ° ErbB2 μ νΈμ νμμμ μμ©νμ¬ μΈν¬ λΆμ΄μ μ λ λ° μ’
μ νμ±μ κ²°μ μ μΈ μν μ νλ€λ μ¬μ€μ μ¦λͺ
ν΄ μ£Όκ³ μλ€.ErbB2(v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2) have Oncogenic roles in many organs. ErbB2 expression is dramatically increased on 25% of breast cancer patients. There are many studies in respect of ErbB2 induced tumorigenesis, but we have shortfall in understanding of obvious molecular mechanism. In this study, we find abnormal hyper expression of Id2 in mammary gland tumors that grown in mammary specific ErbB2 expressed transgenic mouse. Through the series of in vitro experiments, we investigate that activation of ErbB2 directly regulates Id2 expression. Furthermore, for identify Id2s role in ErbB2 induced tumor forming step, we cross ErbB2 or active ErbB2 transgenic mouse with Id2 Knock out mouse. Next, we observe initiation and progression of tumor. In the case of Id2 deficient mammary gland, Even though ErbB2 expression is elevated, proliferation of mammary epithelial is remarkably decreased, and we do not find any tumor at all. In conclusion, this study define Id2 have critical role in induction of mammary epithelial cell proliferation and tumor formation on downstream of ErbB2 pathway.λͺ©μ°¨(contents)
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The Use of Twitter for fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic: The case of Governors and Senators in the United States
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λ―Έλμ΄λ₯Ό νμ©νλλ° μ°Έκ³ ν μ μμ κ²μΌλ‘ κΈ°λνλ€.Governments are increasingly using social media, especially Twitter, to provide information during crisis events, including the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is lack of research on how governments respond to crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, using social media. Accordingly, this study examines the governors and senators who used Twitter for administrative purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic, the extent to which they did so, and the content published. That is, this study set Research Questions to determine (1) differences between the governorsβ and senatorsβ total number of tweets, number of tweets during the COVID-19 period, number of followings and number of followers, and (2) semantic differences in the tweetsβ content based on political party (Republican and Democratic). This study crawled tweets of 48 governors and 99 senators across 50 US states from January 19, 2020, to April 23, 2022, and examined them using descriptive statistical analysis. Additionally, this study analyzed their content using semantic network analysis; text-mining, word frequency analysis, centrality analysis, and CONCOR analysis were also performed. As a result, this study found no significant differences in Twitter usage level between the governors and senators of both political parties during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the standard deviation of tweets during COVID-19 was no significant compared to the total number of tweets, number of followings, and number of followers. Further, while no semantic difference existed in the content of governorsβ COVID-19 keyword tweets depending on their party, such a difference was found for senators. This is because all governorsβ tweets focused on health, while Republican senatorsβ tweets also focused on the economy and political conflict. Therefore, although governments can use Twitter for rapid information dissemination and trust building, information bias can occur depending on the communicating officialβs party affiliation. Therefore, federal guidelines are needed regarding active use of Twitter during crises. This study can serve as a reference for other countriesβ governments, such as South Korea, in using social media during crises.μ 1 μ₯ μλ‘ 12
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