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    ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ์ง„์ถœ์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ(ํ–‰์ •ํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2020. 8. ๋ฐ•์ˆœ์• .์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์ง€์›ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ด๋“ค ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘๊ฒฌ๊ธฐ์—… ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ•์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋˜์–ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ์ฃผ์ถ•์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ์งˆ๊ณผ ์–‘์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ•์กฐ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•œ์ •๋œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์ง€์›์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์กด ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์—…๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ์—…๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค ์—†์ด ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—… ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ž…๋œ ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—… ๋„์ž…์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์šด์˜๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ฐœ์„ ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ๋ถ„์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ค‘์†Œ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์ง„ํฅ๊ณต๋‹จ์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ์ง€์› ์‚ฌ์—… ์ค‘ 2017๋…„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋„์ž…๋œ ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ์ง„์ถœ์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์—…์ข…, ์—…๋ ฅ, ์†Œ์žฌ์ง€ ๋“ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž๊ธˆ์ง€์› ์ „ํ›„์˜ ๋งค์ถœ, ์ž์‚ฐ, ์˜์—…์ด์ต, ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ STATA ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ์ง„์ถœ์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”์™€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ์ง„์ถœ์ง€์› ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋‚ด์—ญ์‚ฌ์—…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋“ค ๋‚ด์—ญ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŒํผ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋‚ด์—ญ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๊ฐ ๋‚ด์—ญ์‚ฌ์—…๋ณ„๋กœ ๋งค์ถœ, ์ž์‚ฐ, ์˜์—…์ด์ต, ๊ณ ์šฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚ด์—ญ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ฐ„ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ค‘์†Œ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์ง„ํฅ๊ณต๋‹จ์˜ 2017๋…„ ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ์ง„์ถœ์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋งค์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์˜์—…์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ์€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ, ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—… ์ค‘ ๊ฑด์„ค์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜์—…์ด์ต ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—…๋ ฅ 5๋…„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์›๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์†Œ์žฌ์ง€, ์—…์ข…, ์—…๋ ฅ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์†Œ์žฌ์ง€์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งค์ถœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์„œ์šธ ์†Œ์žฌ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋” ํฐ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ž์‚ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์„œ์šธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์†Œ์žฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—…์ข…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋งค์ถœ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ์กฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฑด์„ค์—…, ์ž์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ์กฐ์—…๊ณผ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—…์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ด ๋น„์ œ์กฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งค์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—…๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•˜์—ฌ, 5๋…„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฐ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์‹œ์žฅ์ง„์ถœ์ง€์›์ž๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋‚ด์—ญ์‚ฌ์—…์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”์™€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ์ง„์ถœ์ง€์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž๊ธˆ์ง€์›์˜ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋งค์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”์˜ ๋งค์ถœ ๋ฐ ์ž์‚ฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ์ง„์ถœ์ง€์›๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์˜์—…์ด์ต๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”์™€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ์ง„์ถœ์ง€์› ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—…์ข…๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ œ์กฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ฑด์„ค์—…์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์˜์—…์ด์ต ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์—…๋ ฅ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 5๋…„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ์—…์—์„œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์ง€์›์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๊ณผ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์žฌ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์ง€์› ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ œ๋„ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์—… ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Supporting SMEs can help these companies grow and improve the quality and quantity of employment. In order to provide more effective support with limited national resources, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of existing support projects and continuously redesign the project structure. SME support projects consist of individual projects of various natures, and new projects are sometimes introduced. When analyzing the policy effects of the entire support project, the research results may vary depending on the research period. In addition, the differences in the policy effectiveness of each support project with different characteristics may not be sufficiently analyzed. Therefore, it is necessary to precisely analyze the variables affecting the effectiveness and policy effectiveness of the support project through microanalysis of individual projects. And it is necessary to derive the policy implications necessary to maximize the policy effectiveness of the project. In particular, it is necessary to analyze whether the policy objectives of the project have been achieved for the newly introduced support projects and to examine whether it is necessary to improve the project to maximize the policy effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of support projects introduced in 2017 and to analyze the differences in policy effects depending on the type or location of companies. To this end, the STATA program was used to analyze whether there was a statistically significant increase in sales, assets, operating profit and employment before and after funding. The support projects analyzed in this study consist of two detail projects, which need to analyze and compare the policy effects of each detail project for micro-analysis, as they differ in content and nature. Therefore, it was assessed whether sales, assets, operating profit and employment increased for each detail project and analyzed whether there were differences in policy effects between the detail projects. The analysis showed statistically significant increases in sales and assets, but no statistically significant increases in operating profit and employment. Unlike the analysis of the entire supported entity, a statistically significant increase in operating profit was identified in the construction industry. In addition, a statistically significant increase in employment was seen in companies with less than five years of operation. The increase in sales was larger for Seoul-based companies, while the increase in assets was larger for non-Seoul-based companies. For sales, a statistically significant increase was seen in manufacturing and construction. For assets, a statistically significant increase in manufacturing and service industries could be identified. The increase in sales and assets was greater in manufacturing than in non-manufacturing. The analysis of the detail projects indicated statistically significant increases in sales and assets. Among the detail projects, the increase in sales and assets of technology development projects was higher than that of overseas expansion support projects. Operating profit and employment did not have statistically significant increases in both detail projects. However, in the case of technology development projects, there was a statistically significant increase in operating profit in manufacturing and construction, and a statistically significant increase in employment in entities with less than five years. Funding to small and medium enterprises plays an important role as a policy tool for the growth and employment of SMEs. It is necessary to assess the effectiveness of existing projects through microanalysis of various support projects for small and medium enterprises, and to maximize policy effects by redesigning support projects. We should institutionalize the system to analyze the effectiveness of support projects for small and medium enterprises, and continuously analyze the policy effects of support projects to design more effective projects.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ๋ก  1 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 4 ์ œ2์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์‹ ๊ณต๊ณต๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ก  5 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€์› ์‚ฌ์—… 8 ์ œ3์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  13 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋น„ํŒ 13 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—… ์ง€์›์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 16 ์ œ4์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์„ค๊ณ„ 18 ์ œ1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 18 ์ œ2์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์„ค์ • ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ชจํ˜• 19 ์ œ3์ ˆ ๊ฐ€์„ค์˜ ์„ค์ • 20 ์ œ5์žฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 26 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„ 26 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 27 ์ œ3์ ˆ ์—…์ข…๋ณ„ ์†Œ์žฌ์ง€๋ณ„ ์—…๋ ฅ๋ณ„ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 31 ์ œ4์ ˆ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 35 ์ œ5์ ˆ ๋‚ด์—ญ์‚ฌ์—…๋ณ„ ์ •์ฑ…ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 57 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  69 ์ œ1์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 69 ์ œ2์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 72 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 76 Abstract 78Maste

    Morphologic change of nerve and symptom relief are similar after mini-incision and endoscopic carpal tunnel release: a randomized trial

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    BACKGROUND: The symptoms in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) can be ameliorated by open and endoscopic release of the transverse carpal ligament. It is unknown whether a mini-incision or endoscopic carpal tunnel release more effectively reverses the pathological changes that are observed in the median nerve in patients with CTS and these morphologic changes correlates with the subjective outcomes after carpal tunnel release. We hypothesized that (1) at 24 weeks after surgery, the subjective outcomes of mini-incision release and endoscopic release would not differ in patients with CTS; and (2) the ultrasonographic (US) morphology of the median nerve reverses similarly after mini-incision and endoscopic release; (3) the subjective outcomes correlates with these morphologic changes. METHODS: Between November 2011 and January 2013, 67 patients with CTS in their dominant wrist were randomized to either mini-incision (nโ€‰=โ€‰32) or endoscopic (nโ€‰=โ€‰35) release. Each patient was assessed by both the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) pre-operatively and 24 weeks' post-operation. An US examination was conducted at both time points to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) at the inlet, middle, and outlet (CSA-I, CSA-M and CSA-O) and the flattening ratio (FR) at the middle and outlet (FR-M and FR-O) of the median nerve. RESULTS: The post-operative mean BCTQ and DASH scores were improved significantly from the pre-operative scores in both groups (pโ€‰<โ€‰0.001). The mean CSA-I decreased and CSA-M and CSA-O increased similarly in both groups (by 3.3, 3.0, and 3.8 mm2 in the mini-incision group and 2.9, 3.1. and 2.7 mm2 in the endoscopic group. The mean FR-M/FR-O decreased similarly from 3.6/4.2 to 3.2/3.0 in the mini-incision group and 3.8/4.3 to 3.2/2.9 in the endoscopic group. There were no significant differences in the subjective outcome scores or median nerve measures between the two groups. Improvement in the BCTQ-S only was significantly correlated with changes in the CSA at the inlet. CONCLUSIONS: Mini-incision and endoscopic release both similarly relieved subjective symptoms and functions along with the pathological changes in the median nerve morphology along the carpal tunnel in patients with idiopathic CTS. Symptom relief after surgical decompression seems to correlate with reduced nerve swelling at carpal inlet and reversed nerve flattening inside carpal tunnel. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study was retrospectively registered in "ClinicalTrials.gov" at Oct 18th, 2013, and the registration number was NCT01972165 .ope

    Reassessment of alkaline phosphatase as serum tumor marker with high specificity in osteosarcoma

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    The goal of this study was to reassess serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as tumor marker in osteosarcoma. We retrospectively examined serum ALP levels at diagnosis, every therapeutic step (neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy), metastasis, and follow-up and analyzed the role of ALP as tumor marker in 210 osteosarcomas. The diagnostic performances of ALP were validated with pathology-proven 899 other primary bone lesions. Elevated ALP at diagnosis was associated with inferior overall survival (OS) (Log Rank P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (Log Rank P = 0.005) and independently significant for OS in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR]=2.12, P = 0.032). During therapy, the ALP level significantly changed according to therapeutic steps (P < 0.001 for patients โ‰ฅ15 years old, P < 0.001 for patients <15 years old) and survival (P = 0.015 for โ‰ฅ15 years, P = 0.002 for <15 years), and the response of ALP to therapy and survival were associated (P = 0.042 for โ‰ฅ15 years, P = 0.036 for <15 years). Initial ALP level was linearly correlated with tumor burden (total tumor volume; P = 0.016 for โ‰ฅ15 years, bone tumor volume; P = 0.012 for โ‰ฅ15 years). The sensitivity and specificity of ALP on diagnosis were 53.2% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.475-0.586) and 90.1% (95% CI: 0.888-0.913). The sensitivity of ALP on metastasis was 53.2% (95% CI: 0.431-0.624), and the specificity was 78.2% (95% CI: 0.720-0.839) at15 months postoperative and 90.0% (95% CI: 0.824-0.952) at 3 years postoperative. Serum ALP was found to be a valuable tumor marker with high specificity in osteosarcoma.ope

    Biological Markers for Making the Differential Diagnosis between Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Tumor and Mucinous Cystic Tumor of the Pancreas

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    PURPOSE: Although intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) and mucionus cystic tumor (MCT) share many common features, they are 2 clinically different disease entities. The aims of this study were to compare the clinicopathological characteristics of IPMT and MCT and to find molecular markers for making the differential diagnosis between IPMT and MCT METHODS: Forty-one patients with IPMT and 29 MCT patients who all underwent resection between 1994 and 2003 were enrolled in this study. After one gastrointestinal pathologist reviewed the pathological slides, we compared the clinico-pathological features of the two diseases. Immunohistochemical staining with using 17 biological markers was performed to find useful molecular markers for making the differential diagnosis. RESULTS: Besides the clinical features like gender, the tumor size and location, the patient's age and the radiological images, we found differences of the expressions of PR(p<0.001), ER(p<0.001), MUC2(p=0.038) and MUC5A(p=0.001) between IPMT and MCT. CONCLUSION: PR, ER, MUC2 and MUC5A can be useful in making the final differential diagnosis between IPMT and MCT. Considering the different gene expressions, further studies are needed to clarify the different pathogenesis of these two diseases entities.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋ณ‘์› ์ผ๋ฐ˜์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ณผ์ œ(04-2004-027-0)์™€ ๋ณด๊ฑด๋ณต์ง€๋ถ€ ์•”์ •๋ณต์ถ”์ง„์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…(No. 0520320)์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด ์กŒ

    ์ž์™ธ์„  ๋ถ„๊ด‘ ๊ด€์ธก์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ „์ด ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๋™์—ญํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ,1998.Maste

    Analysis of related factors on middle school student smoking in Korea

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    ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋‚ ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํก์—ฐ์‹คํƒœ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์—ฌ ํก์—ฐ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์  ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋งˆ๋ จ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ทจ์ง€์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ณด๊ฑด๊ธฐ๊ตฌ(WHO)์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์งˆ๋ณ‘๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ณธ๋ถ€(CDC)๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณธ์ธ์ด ์†ํ•œ ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์›๊ณผ ์—ฐ์„ธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ฆ์ง„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์œ„์ž„๋ฐ›์•„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ โ€˜์„ธ๊ณ„์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ํก์—ฐ์กฐ์‚ฌ(GYTS : Global Youth Tobacco Survey ; ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ 13๏ฝž15์„ธ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ)โ€™ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ถ”์ถœ์€ 2๋‹จ๊ณ„ ์ง‘๋ฝ์ถ”์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์ œ์ฃผ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์„œ์šธ์‹œ ์†Œ์žฌ 25๊ฐœ๊ต, 6๊ฐœ ๊ด‘์—ญ์‹œ ์†Œ์žฌ 25๊ฐœ๊ต, 7๊ฐœ ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์†Œ์žฌ 25๊ฐœ๊ต๋ฅผ ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 75๊ฐœ๊ต 6,234๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „์ฒด ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ํก์—ฐ์œจ, ๊ฐ„์ ‘ํก์—ฐ์œจ, ํก์—ฐ์‹œ๋„์œจ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํก์—ฐ์ž์˜ ํก์—ฐ์–‘์ƒ์„ ์„ฑ, ํ•™๋…„, ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ x2-test๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํก์—ฐ ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ์š”์ธ, ํก์—ฐ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ต์œก ์ด์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋ถ€, ํก์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์ง€์‹, ๋Œ€์ค‘๋งค์ฒด์—์„œ์˜ ํก์—ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ธˆ์—ฐ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€ ์ ‘๊ทผ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํก์—ฐ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ x2-test์™€ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.์ฒซ์งธ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ „์ฒด ํก์—ฐ์œจ์€ 6.4%์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด์ค‘ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ ํก์—ฐ์œจ์ด 7.4%, ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ ํก์—ฐ์œจ์ด 5.5%๋กœ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ ํก์—ฐ์œจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ ํก์—ฐ์œจ์ด ๋” ๋†’์Œ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.๋‘˜์งธ, ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ „์ฒดํ•™์ƒ ์ค‘ ์•ฝ 26.5%์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ํก์—ฐ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•™๋…„์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํก์—ฐ์‹œ๋„์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์…‹์งธ, ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ ํก์—ฐ์ž๋“ค์˜ ํก์—ฐ์‹คํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ํก์—ฐ์ž์˜ 56.8%๊ฐ€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํก์—ฐ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ํ•™๋…„์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก 1ํšŒ ํก์—ฐ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํก์—ฐ์ผ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํก์—ฐํ•™์ƒ์˜ 64.0%๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์—ฐ์„ ํฌ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  70.8%์˜ ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์ตœ๊ทผ 1๋…„ ์•ˆ์— ๊ธˆ์—ฐ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋„ท์งธ, ํก์—ฐ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ์š”์ธ์€ ์„ฑ, ํ•™๋…„, ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ํก์—ฐ, ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ํก์—ฐ, ์šฉ๋ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋“ฑ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํก์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ •๋„, ํก์—ฐ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ต์œก ์ด์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋ถ€, ๋Œ€์ค‘๋งค์ฒด ํ˜น์€ ์‚ฌํšŒํ–‰์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ธˆ์—ฐ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€ ํ˜น์€ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๊ด‘๊ณ ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํก์—ฐ์ž์™€ ๋น„ํก์—ฐ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•ด๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ค‘ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ํก์—ฐ์œจ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ํก์—ฐ์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ์‹คํƒœ ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ด๋“ค์˜ ํก์—ฐ์€ ์„ฑ, ์—ฐ๋ น, ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ํก์—ฐ, ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ํก์—ฐ, ์šฉ๋ˆ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋“ฑ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ํก์—ฐ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ต์œก ์ด์ˆ˜์—ฌ๋ถ€, ํก์—ฐ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„, ์ง€์‹์ˆ˜์ค€, ๋Œ€์ค‘๋งค์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ธˆ์—ฐ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€์™€ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ํก์—ฐ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ํก์—ฐ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธˆ์—ฐ๊ต์œก์ด ์ •๊ทœ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๋˜์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์˜ ์ธ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์žํŒ๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ ์ธ์ฆ์žฅ์น˜ ์˜๋ฌดํ™” ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ณ , 19์„ธ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ํŒ๋งคํ–‰์œ„๋‚˜ ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ์˜ ํก์—ฐํ–‰์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‹œ&#8228;๊ทœ์ œํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์†๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ์‹ค์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ๊ณต์˜๋ฐฉ์†ก์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์ธ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๊ด‘๊ณ ์™€ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ๋ฐฉ์†ก, ์‹ ๋ฌธ, ์žก์ง€ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ์ข… ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์‚ฌํšŒํ–‰์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ํก์—ฐ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ด‘๊ณ  ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ ์‹ค์‹œํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The purpose of this study was to serve for a basis for antismoking campaigns and to prevent adolescents from smoking by analyzing the smoking realities and related factors.This study are the secondary data of Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) developed by the WHO and United State Center for Disease Control(CDC) and Prevention to trace tobacco use among youth in countries across the world. This study was carried out to define the prevalence of youth smoking and passive smoking among middle school students, and described the related factors in these students in focusing the exposure to smoking in the mass media.This study is a cross-sectional school-based survey, which employed a two-stage cluster sample design to produce a nationally representative sample of middle school students aged 13 to 15 years-old. Seventy-five schools were selected. All schools containing grades 1, 2 and 3 that contained 40 or more students were included in the sampling frame.The results of this study were as follows ;1. The proportion of smoking students in middle school was 6.4% and the rate of smoking in male students(7.4%) was higher than it of in female students(5.5%) similarly case of adults and high school.2. 26.5% of all respondent had a experience to try smoke and the results showed that the rate of trying smoke in male students was increased by grade more than female students.3. 56.8% of the smokers answered they have smoked a cigarette prompted by curiosity and 31.7% of the respondents have smoked 2๏ฝž5 cigarettes in a day and 34.4% of the respondents have smoked 1๏ฝž2 days in a month.4. According to the test of significance in regression analysis, the independent variables such as sex, school grade, smoking parents, friends distinction, pocket money and others showed statistical significance.It has also been reported that the teenagers with a smoker in the family are more likely to smoke than the ones who don`t.5. There was a statistical significance between smokers and nonsmokers in proportion to the completing the preventive education for no-smoking(p=0.0023) and the acquirement of knowledge on smoking(p<.0001).6. Finally there was a statistical significance between the exposure to anti-smoking campaign(p=0.0053) and tobacco advertisement in the mass media and the smoking(p=0.0036).All things considered, the health education for tobacco control in school need to be developed from an elementary school. We have to pay more attention on discussion why young people start smoking. I suggest that smoking program in school need to be revitalized and be made more accessible for everyone who wish to quit. We were already made a law to ban selling cigarettes to people under 19, however the results of this survey were showed that this regulation is not effective. So, we have to push the implementation of this regulation, and have to punish the retailers who sell cigarette to people under 19. And the government should develop the regulation on total banning promoting cigarette advertising and smoking scene in the movie for young people.ope

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์™ธ๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต,1999.Maste

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    A study on factors influencing utilization of Long-term care services for the elderly

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    ๋ณด๊ฑด์ •๋ณด๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๋ณดํ—˜ ์ธ์ •์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ Andersen์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„œ๋น„์Šค ํ–‰๋™๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋…ธ์ธ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๊ธ‰์—ฌ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ด์šฉํ˜•ํƒœ, ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๋ณดํ—˜ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์—… ์‹œ์ž‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2008๋…„ 12์›” 31์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๋‚ด๋กœ ํŒ์ •๋œ ์ธ์ •์ž ์ค‘์—์„œ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ํŒ์ •์ผ์ด 6๊ฐœ์›” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•œ ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 20%๋ฅผ 16๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ธตํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•œ 41,592๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์—ฌ์ด์šฉ๋‚ด์—ญ์€ ๊ฐ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ํŒ์ •์ผ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2009๋…„ 6์›” 30์ผ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋‚ด์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๋ณดํ—˜ ์ธ์ •์ž ์ค‘ 76.8%๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 23.2%๋Š” ์ด์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ , ๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž ์ค‘ 31.8%๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , 64.3%๋Š” ์žฌ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์—ฌ, 3.9%๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค๊ธ‰์—ฌ์™€ ์žฌ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋…ธ์ธ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๊ธ‰์—ฌ ์ด์šฉ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์‹œ์„ค๊ธ‰์—ฌ์™€ ์žฌ๊ฐ€๊ธ‰์—ฌ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ธ‰์—ฌ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ˜•ํƒœ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธ‰์—ฌ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์— ์†Œ์ธ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ตฐ, ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์ž์›์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ˆ˜์ค€, ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ƒํƒœ, ๋™๊ฑฐ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ž, ์š•๊ตฌ์š•์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜ ์œ ๋ฌด, ํ–‰๋™๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜์น˜ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ธ‰์—ฌ์˜ ์ด์šฉํ˜•ํƒœ๋Š” ์†Œ์ธ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ น๊ตฐ, ์ž์›์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—ญ, ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ƒํƒœ, ๋™๊ฑฐ์—ฌ๋ถ€, ์ˆ˜๋ฐœ์ž, ์š•๊ตฌ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜ ์œ ๋ฌด์™€ ์‹ ์ฒด๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์ธ์ง€๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ํ–‰๋™๋ณ€ํ™”, ์žฌํ™œ ์˜์—ญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์œผ๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ์œ ์˜์ˆ˜์ค€์„ 0.05๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.๋…ธ์ธ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๊ธ‰์—ฌ์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์„ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ์š”์–‘๋ณ‘์› ๋ฐ ๋ณ‘์›์— ์ž…์›ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํก์ธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์‹œ์„ค๊ธ‰์—ฌ์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ธ‰์—ฌ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹œ์„ค๊ธ‰์—ฌ์™€ ์ฃผ์•ผ๊ฐ„๋ณดํ˜ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ๊ณ , ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ƒํ™œ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ถŒ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์š”์–‘๊ณผ ์ฃผ์•ผ๊ฐ„๋ณดํ˜ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์•˜๋‹ค. ์žฌ๊ฐ€์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ค‘ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์š”์–‘, ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ๋ชฉ์š•, ์ฃผ์•ผ๊ฐ„๋ณดํ˜ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋Œ€๋„์‹œ, ์ค‘์†Œ๋„์‹œ, ๋†์–ด์ดŒ์˜ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ปธ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์žฌ๊ฐ€์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ–‰๋™๋ณ€ํ™” ์˜์—ญ์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์š”์–‘ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฃผ์•ผ๊ฐ„๋ณดํ˜ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๊ธ‰์—ฌ์˜ ์ด์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ–ฅํ›„ ๋…ธ์ธ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๊ธ‰์—ฌ์˜ ์ด์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ถ”๊ณ„ ๋“ฑ ์ˆ˜์š”๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ธ์ธ์žฅ๊ธฐ์š”์–‘๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ์žฌ์ •๊ทœ๋ชจ ์„ค์ • ๋“ฑ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ด์šฉ์ง€์› ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๋ณด์กฐ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]prohibitio
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