The association and the characteristics of the smoking status and differences in physical activity level in Korean adults: The Sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VI-1), 2013

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between smoking status and physical activity in order to promote healthier behaviors in Korean adults. Methods: We selected 4,845 individuals from the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between the ages of 19 and 65 and compared smoking status and physical activity levels in each gender and age group . Results: Physical activity did not exceed 3000 MET minutes except in smokers, ex-smokers, non-smoking males between the ages of 19 and 29, and ex-smoking females between the ages of 60 and 65. Conclusion: There was no demonstrated association between smoking and physical activity in this study. Further studies which include various socio-demographic factors are needed in order to encourage healthier behaviors in Korean adults who smoke.ope

Isolated low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia is independently related to insulin resistance among Korean adults: Using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (2008~2011)

Background: Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and one of the components of metabolic syndrome. In Korea, low HDL-C has the biggest proportion in all kinds ofis the most prevalent type of dyslipidemia and sustains high prevalence with increasing prevalence of metabolic syndromeis becoming more prevalent as rates of metabolic syndrome increase. Recent large-scale population study studies suggests that isolated low HDL-C is also associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease. Methods: 24,499 participants aged 19 years and older from who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) during between 2008~2011 were included in this study, excluding lipid-lowering drug users, cardio-cerebrovascular patients and cancer patients. Low HDL-C was defined by serum HDL-C <40mg/dL in men and <50mg/dL in women. Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to lipid levels and analysis of covariance was used to explore the differences of in fasting glucose, HbA1c, fasting insulin and insulin resistance among between groups. Association between lipid levels and insulin resistance was analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The odds ratio for diabetes mellitus for isolated low HDL-C was 1.31 (95% CI 1.12~1.54). The three HDL-C groups showed statistically significant differences in insulin resistance, fasting insulin, fasting glucose and HbA1c (P<0.01). Isolated low HDL-C was independently associated with increased insulin resistance risk (oOdds ratio 1.38 [95% CI 1.23~1.56]). Conclusion: Isolated low HDL-C with an independent association with insulin resistance should be screened for and managed to prevent progression to cardiovascular disease or metabolic syndrome.ope