22 research outputs found

    Significance of perineal ultrasonography in diagnosing genuine stress incontinence

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์—ฌ์„ฑ ๊ธด์žฅ์„ฑ ์š”์‹ค๊ธ์ด๋ž€ ๊ธฐ์นจ, ์žฌ์ฑ„๊ธฐ, ์›ƒ์„ ๋•Œ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์šด๋™์‹œ ๋ณต์••์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘๋‚ด์••์ด ์š”๋„ ์ €ํ•ญ์••์„ ๋„˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์˜ ํ•˜๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์˜ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” ํ‘์€ ํ›„๋ถ€ ์š”๋„์™ธ ๊ณผ์šด๋™์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด„์•ฝ๊ทผ๋ถ€์ „์ด ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ธด์žฅ์„ฑ ์š”์‹ค๊ธˆ ์ง„๋‹จ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” Q-tip ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ๊ธด์žฅ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, 1์‹œ๊ฐ„ pad ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ์š”๋กœ ์—ญํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘๊ฒฐ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ, ๋ฐฉํ™ฉ-์š”๋„ ๋„์ž์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ค‘ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•ํ˜ผ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  ๋…ธ์ถœ์„ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋น„์นจ์Šต์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ณต๋ถ€, ๊ฒฝ์งˆ, ์ •์ง์žฅ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํšŒ์Œ๋ถ€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณต๋ถ€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ทผ์œ„๋ถ€ ์š”๋„์™ธ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ ๋น„๋งŒํ•œ ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์˜์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜์˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ธฐ์ €๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์น˜๊ณจ์— ๊ฐ€๋ ค ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์งˆ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ธฐ์ €๋ถ€์™ธ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์„ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ํƒ์ด‰์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์ง์žฅ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ๋Š” ํƒ์ด‰์ž๋ฅผ ์ง์žฅ๋‚ด ์‚ฝ์ž…์‹œ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ์พŒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ง์žฅ๋‚ด ๋ณ‘๋ณ€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์— ํ•œ๊ณ„์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ณต์••์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ํƒ์ด‰์ž๋‚˜ ํ™˜์ž์™ธ ์ด๋™์— ์™ธํ•œ ๋ฌธ์žฌ์ ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํƒ์ด‰์ž ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์™ธ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž๊ถ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง์žฅ์™ธ ํ•ด๋ถ€ํ•™์ ์ด์ƒ์— ์™ธํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” .a-์‹ค๊ธˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค. ํšŒ์Œ๋ถ€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์€ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆํŽธ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์˜ ํ•˜๊ด‘๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์œ„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์งํ›„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ถ”์ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋ถ€์œ„์— ์ž๊ทน์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ง์žฅ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ ์‹ค์‹œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํšŒ์Œ๋ถ€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ์œ„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์„ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘-์š”๋„ ๋„์ž์ˆ ์„ ๋Œ€์น˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํšŒ์Œ๋ถ€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ํƒ์ด‰์ž๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ณจ-์งˆ๊ตฌ-ํ•ญ๋ฌธ์„ ์— ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ • ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์˜ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ ํ›„ ๊ธด์žฅ ์ƒํƒœ (Valsalva ๋ฒ•)์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์˜ ํ•˜๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์น˜๊ณจ-์š”๋„-์งˆ๊ตฌ์„ ์ƒ์—์„œ 3ํšŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ท ์น˜๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์š”๋„ ์ฃผ์œ„์˜ ๊ทผ์œก์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์ƒ ์ €์Œ์˜์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ์ƒˆ๋ถ€๋ฆฌ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ (beaking appearance)๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐ, ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ 20๋ช…๊ณผ ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ 40๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒฝ์ง์žฅ ๋ฐ ํšŒ์Œ๋ถ€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. (๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ง์žฅ-ํšŒ์Œ๋ถ€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ์ˆœ์„œ์ž„) 1. ์ •์ƒ ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์€ 7.90ยฑ7.7mm, 8.30ยฑ1.95mm์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋Š” 0.36ยฑ50mm, 0.40ยฑ0.57mm์ด๋‹ค. 2. ํ™˜์ž๊ตฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์€ 18.96ยฑ4.42mm, 21.15ยฑ4.89mm์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋Š” 3.63ยฑ0,82mm, 4.21ยฑ0.93mm๋กœ ๋‘ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ฐ„์— ์ข‹์€ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.(์ •๋ถ€ ํ•˜๊ฐ• : r=0.76, P=O.0000, ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ ; r=0.78 P=0.0000) 3. ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฐ•์€ 12.2mm, ๊ฐœ๊ตฌํ‹€ 1.52mm๋กœ ํšŒ์Œ๋ถ€์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ์˜ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ •ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•˜๊ฐ•์€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ 95%, ํŠน์ด์„ฑ 100%์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ์„ฑ, ํŠน์ด์„ฑ ๋ชจ๋‘ 100%์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํšŒ์Œ๋ถ€ ์ดˆ์ŒํŒŒ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์€ ํƒ์ด‰์ž๋ฅผ ์™ธ์Œ๋ถ€์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์นจ์Šต์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘ ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์˜ ์ด๋™์— ํƒ์ด‰์ž์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„์„ฑ ์š”์‹ค๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์œ„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ด์ฐจ์  ์š”์‹ค๊ธˆ์„ ๊ฐ๋ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘- ์š”๋„ ๋„์ž์ˆ  ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ ํ•™์  ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. Signiflcance of perineal ultrasonography In diagnosing genuine stress Incontinence Kyung Sang Lee Department of Medical Science The Graduate School, Yonsei University (Directed by Associate Prefessor Hyung Sik Yoo) The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of perineal ultrasonography compared with transrectal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence. Twenty normal woman and forty women with genuine stress incontinence were included in this study. Diagnostic procedures included one-hour pad test urodynamic study and cystourethroscopy. Both transrectal approach using 5MHz transrectal probe(ATL UM9) and perineal approach using 3.5MHz convex probe(GE RT 4600) were performed in all candidates in left lateral decubitus arts lithotomy position. The bladder volume at the time of investigation varied from 100-300mL. The degree of bladder neck descent and bladder neck opening during Valsalva maneuvers were compared between two procedures. The results were as follow : 1. In normal control group, the mean bladder neck descent and the opening using transrectal and perineal approach were 7.90ยฑ1.86/8.30ยฑ1.95mm, 0.36ยฑ0.50/0.40ยฑ0.57mm (P=0.0000), respectively. 2. Diagnostic criteria of genuine stress incontinence with peruineal ultrasonography were suggested 12.2mm descent of bladder neck(sensitivity=95%, speciflcity=100%) and 1.52mm opening of bladder neck(sensitivity=100%, speciflcity= 100%), respectively. 3. In genuine stress incontinence group, the mean bladder neck descent and opening using transrectal and perineal ultrasonography were 18.98ยฑ4.42/21.15ยฑ4.89mm, 3.63ยฑ0.82/4.21ยฑO.93mm (p=0.0000), respectively. Perineal measurement were significantly greater than transrectal measurements. 4. There was a good correlation between the measurements of perineal and transrectal approach(r=0.76 in bladder neck descent, r=0.78 in opening) The advantages of perineal ultrasonography are simple, nun-invasive, readily accesible and less stressful to the patients, and it is devoid of bladder neck artifact during Valsalva without mechanical hinderance. Therefore, the perineal ultrasonography can replace ultrasonography and recommend in diagnosing genuine stress incontinence. [์˜๋ฌธ] The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of perineal ultrasonography compared with transrectal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of genuine stress incontinence. Twenty normal woman and forty women with genuine stress incontinence were included in this study. Diagnostic procedures included one-hour pad test urodynamic study and cystourethroscopy. Both transrectal approach using 5MHz transrectal probe(ATL UM9) and perineal approach using 3.5MHz convex probe(GE RT 4600) were performed in all candidates in left lateral decubitus arts lithotomy position. The bladder volume at the time of investigation varied from 100-300mL. The degree of bladder neck descent and bladder neck opening during Valsalva maneuvers were compared between two procedures. The results were as follow : 1. In normal control group, the mean bladder neck descent and the opening using transrectal and perineal approach were 7.90ยฑ1.86/8.30ยฑ1.95mm, 0.36ยฑ0.50/0.40ยฑ0.57mm (P=0.0000), respectively. 2. Diagnostic criteria of genuine stress incontinence with peruineal ultrasonography were suggested 12.2mm descent of bladder neck(sensitivity=95%, speciflcity=100%) and 1.52mm opening of bladder neck(sensitivity=100%, speciflcity= 100%), respectively. 3. In genuine stress incontinence group, the mean bladder neck descent and opening using transrectal and perineal ultrasonography were 18.98ยฑ4.42/21.15ยฑ4.89mm, 3.63ยฑ0.82/4.21ยฑO.93mm (p=0.0000), respectively. Perineal measurement were significantly greater than transrectal measurements. 4. There was a good correlation between the measurements of perineal and transrectal approach(r=0.76 in bladder neck descent, r=0.78 in opening) The advantages of perineal ultrasonography are simple, nun-invasive, readily accesible and less stressful to the patients, and it is devoid of bladder neck artifact during Valsalva without mechanical hinderance. Therefore, the perineal ultrasonography can replace ultrasonography and recommend in diagnosing genuine stress incontinence.restrictio

    Polygon Reduction Algorithm for Three-dimensional Surface Visualization

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    Surface visualization can be useful, particularly for internet-based education and simulation system. Since the mesh data size directly affects the downloading and operational performance, the problem that should be solved for efficient surface visualization is to reduce the total number of polygons, constituting the surface geometry as much as Possible. In this paper, an efficient polygon reduction algorithm based on Stokes๏ผ‡ theorem, and topology preservation to delete several adjacent vertices simultaneously for past polygon reduction is proposed. The algorithm is irrespective of the shape of polygon, and the number of the polygon. It can also reduce the number of polygons to the minimum number at one time. The performance and the usefulness for medical imaging application was demonstrated using synthesized geometrical objects including plane. cube. cylinder. and sphere. as well as a real human data.ope

    Alternative Class in a General Highschool

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