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    A Critical Approach of Baumans Modernity Theory to the World Banks Education Development Cooperation

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ๊ต์œกํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ „๊ณต,2019. 8. ์œ ์„ฑ์ƒ.ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ „๋ก€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด์ฒด๋˜์–ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฑ„์›Œ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ํŠน์ • ์‚ฌํšŒ์—๋งŒ ๊ตญํ•œ๋œ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”, ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ทผ๋Œ€์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๋ฟ๋”๋Ÿฌ, ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด์ „๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋†“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ฐ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ต์œก ํ–ฅ์ƒ์— ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ˆ๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์Ÿ์•„ ๋ถ€์–ด์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐ€์‹œ์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์•ˆํŒŽ์—์„œ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ดํ”ผ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ง€๋ฉด์ƒ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ—ค๊ฒŒ๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ์ขํ˜”๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๋น„ํŒ์  ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” 2์ฐจ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ํ›„, ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ง€๊ทธ๋ฌธํŠธ ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด ์†์—์„œ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต๊ณผ ์—ผ๋‘์— ๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ•  ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์ž์ธ ์ง€๊ทธ๋ฌธํŠธ ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งŒ์€ ๊ณ ์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์•ก์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ, ์งˆ์„œ, ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ, ์ผ์น˜์— ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์ด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ•˜๊ณ , ํ†ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์˜ ์•ผ๋ง์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ง„๋ณดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์•ก์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๊ณ ์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์˜ ํƒ„ํƒ„ํ•œ ํ† ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ณ ์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์•ก์ฒด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ’€์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์•ก์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ , ์˜ค์ง ๊ฐœ์ธ๋งŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์•ก์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์ด๋‹ค. ์•ก์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ, ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† , ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์งˆ์  ๋ฉ”ํƒ€ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ…Œ๋งˆ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์— ๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•œ 2์ฐจ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ…Œ๋งˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๊ต์œก, ์ง€์‹, ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นˆ๊ณค/๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” 5๊ฐœ์˜ ํ…Œ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ถœ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋น„ํŒ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ž๋ฉด, ์ฒซ์งธ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์ข๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์€ํ–‰์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ต์œก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์€ ๊ต์œก์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋„๊ตฌ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜์—๋งŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ์  ์ž๋ณธ๋ก ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก์„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด์ž, ํˆฌ์ž๋กœ๋งŒ ์ข๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์ง€์‹ ์€ํ–‰์„ ํ‘œ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์€ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•ด์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ง€์‹์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฒœ์— ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์— ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•œ ๊ต์œก ๊ฐœํ˜ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์น˜๋“ค์€ ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ต์œก ๊ฐœํ˜์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ต์œก ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์—๋„ ์•…์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํŒ๋ฐ›์•„์™”๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋นˆ๊ณค ํ‡ด์น˜๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์ด ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํ™œ๋™๋“ค์ด ๋นˆ๊ณค ํ‡ด์น˜์— ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ์™”์Œ์„ ์ง€์ ๋ฐ›์•„์™”๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋นˆ๊ณค์ด ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์€ํ–‰์˜ ์ธ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ถ”์ง„๋œ ์นœ(่ฆช)์„ฑ์žฅ์  ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์„ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๊ต์œก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์‹์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€์ ์€ ๊ณ ์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์„ฑ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ด€์ ์€ ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐ€์ •์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”์šฐ๋งŒ์˜ ๊ทผ๋Œ€์„ฑ ์ด๋ก ์„ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ํ…Œ๋งˆ์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์€ ๊ณ ์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๊ต์œก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋„๋ก ํ•ด์™”๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋นˆ๊ณค๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹ฌํ™”๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์•ก์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์„ฑ์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์„ธ๊ณ„์€ํ–‰์˜ ์‹ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ต์œก ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฒœ์€ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์—˜๋ฆฌํŠธ, ์ž๋ณธ ๋ฐ ๊ธˆ์œต์˜ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์ด๋™์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์•ก์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์˜ ์•กํ™”๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ˜‘๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€? ์ฒซ์งธ, ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ง„๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ ์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์ƒ์กด์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์—์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์ด ํ‰๋“ฑ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ณ ์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์— ๋…์ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ , ์ž์›์„ ๋™์›ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทผ๋Œ€๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ง‰๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํž˜์€ ์•ฝํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ณผ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ผ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๊ณต์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋”์šฑ๋” ์ปค์ง„๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ์•ก์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ง€์‹์˜ ๊ด€๋… ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ต์‚ฌ-ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ž-์˜๋ขฐ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฐœ์ธํ™”๋œ ํ•™์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ค. ์ง€์‹์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์†Œ๋น„์žฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฒ„๋ ค์ง€๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ง€์‹ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์œ„๊ณ„ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ง€์‹์˜ ๊ด€๋…์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€ ์•ก์ฒด๊ทผ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ๊ต์œก์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„  ํ‰์ƒ ํ•™์Šต์ด ๋”์šฑ ์š”์ฒญ๋œ๋‹ค.The contemporary society is changing at an unprecedented scale and pace. Things that have long been considered certain and stable are dismantling, and uncertainty is filling the place instead. Now unpredictable social change is becoming an unavoidable phenomenon that takes place all over the world, not just in a specific social setting. Many of the changes taking place in society, which cannot be explained by the existing modernity, are transforming human social conditions and environment differently than before. Education development cooperation has been pouring enormous amounts of money and effort into improving education in developing countries over the past half-century. As a result, despite its visible achievements, there have been many criticisms in and out of the field of education development cooperation. This study explores the criticisms surrounding education development cooperation and reexamines them with modernity. As there are limitations in time and space to explore all the criticisms of extensive education development cooperation, the scope of the research is narrowed to education development cooperation of the World Bank, which holds a hegemonic position in the field of education development cooperation. As research data, this study uses secondary sources that take a critical stance on the World Banks education development cooperation. Further, this study tries to find out the landscape and issues to be considered of education development cooperation including the World Bank under rapidly changing social conditions by reexamining the analytic results through Zygmunt Baumans theory of modernity. Zygmunt Bauman, a sociologist, explains the rapidly changing human social conditions and environments through the concept of solid modernity and liquid modernity. In the solid modern era, the nation-state system was centered, and order, universality, and uniformity were valued. It was widely believed that based on the strong trust in human reason, everything in society can be planned and controlled. This ambition of modernity led to the belief in continued progress. In liquid modern times, solid foundations and fixed things are dissolved like liquids. To survive in the liquid age, one must be able to move fast. It is in the liquid modern era that the influence of the nation-state is diminished, and only individuals are left to be responsible for everything, including their choices and accompanying consequences. Liquid modernity can be represented by uncertainty, instability, and insecurity. To systematically review, analyze, and synthesize the existing studies on the World Banks education development cooperation, this study uses qualitative meta-analysis as a research method. Data for analysis is collected and extracted based on specific criteria, and thematic analysis is adopted as a data analysis method. The thematic analysis of the secondary sources critically approaching the World Banks education development cooperation results in the five themes: development, education, knowledge, neoliberalism, and poverty/inequality. To examine the criticisms on each theme, first, the World Bank not only defines development narrowly as economic growth but the development that the Bank speaks of has an ideological character. Second, regarding education, the World Bank focuses only on the economic-instrumental value of education. To be specific, education is perceived merely as an investment for and a means of economic growth. Third, the World Bank which describes itself as knowledge bank has produced a vast amount of knowledge, and this knowledge has given legitimacy to the Banks education policies and practices in developing countries. Fourth, the education reforms and measures imposed by the World Bank on developing countries contain neoliberal contents. The World Banks education reforms based on neoliberalism have been criticized for having had an adverse impact on society as a whole as well as on the education systems in developing countries. Lastly, in the case of poverty and inequality, it has been criticized that the World Banks education policies and activities have not had a substantial impact on poverty eradication, even though poverty eradication is one of the two goals the World Bank aims to achieve. The pro-growth policy, pursued by the Banks perception that poverty will automatically decrease as a result of the economic growth, is considered to have intensified inequality. From Baumans point of view of modernity, the World Banks view of development, education, and knowledge is based on solid modernity, while neoliberalism is closely related to liquid modernity. And the Banks view of poverty and inequality relies on neoliberal assumptions. The result of applying Baumans modernity theory to the five themes implies that the World Banks education development cooperation has led developing countries to embrace neoliberalism by using development, education, and knowledge based on solid modern perceptions, thereby deepening poverty and inequality. In the context of liquid modernity, it can be seen that the World Banks neoliberal education policies and practices are conducive to the free movement of global elites, capitals, and finances. How will the liquefaction of liquid modernity change the landscape of education development cooperation? First, the development of existing solid modernity, which assumes growth and progress, will transform into development as survival. In this sense, the growth-centered development paradigm should be shifted to the equality-centered one. Second, the power of the modern nation-state, which once exclusively exercised its authority and mobilized its resources, is weakened. In this environment where individuals cannot help but be fully responsible for their own choices and the accompanying consequences, there is a growing need for education to raise citizens who can respond publicly to and seek collective solutions to the problems of others. Third, with the entry of liquid modernity, the notion of education and knowledge changes as well. The existing teacher-student relationship and teaching-oriented education shift to supplier-client relationship and personalized learning. Knowledge is used, abandoned, and replaced by new ones like a consumer product, and the hierarchy of knowledge disappears. In todays liquid age when the concept of education and knowledge have completely changed, the need for lifelong learning beyond institutionalized education is further demanded.Chapter I. INTRODUCTION ๏ผ‘ 1.1 Background ๏ผ‘ 1.2 Necessity and purpose of the study ๏ผ’ 1.3 Research questions and design ๏ผ” 1.4 Scope and terminology ๏ผ– 1.5 Organization of the study ๏ผ˜ Chapter II. LITERATURE REVIEW ๏ผ‘๏ผ 2.1 Education development cooperation ๏ผ‘๏ผ 2.1.1 Theories of education development cooperation ๏ผ‘๏ผ 2.1.1.1 Liberal capitalist paradigm ๏ผ‘๏ผ‘ 2.1.1.2 Marxist paradigm ๏ผ‘๏ผ“ 2.1.1.3 Postcolonialism ๏ผ‘๏ผ” 2.1.1.4 Liberal egalitarianism ๏ผ‘๏ผ• 2.1.1.5 Radical humanism ๏ผ‘๏ผ– 2.1.2 Practices in education development cooperation ๏ผ‘๏ผ˜ 2.1.2.1 Before the 1950s ๏ผ‘๏ผ˜ 2.1.2.2 During the 1950s and 1960s ๏ผ‘๏ผ™ 2.1.2.3 During the 1970s and 1980s ๏ผ’๏ผ‘ 2.1.2.4 During the 1990s and 2000s ๏ผ’๏ผ’ 2.2 Education development cooperation and modernity ๏ผ’๏ผ• Chapter III. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ๏ผ“๏ผ— 3.1 Baumans view on modernity ๏ผ“๏ผ™ 3.1.1 Quest for order ๏ผ”๏ผ 3.1.2 A gardening nation-state ๏ผ”๏ผ‘ 3.1.3 Conquest of space ๏ผ”๏ผ” 3.1.4 Intellectual legislators ๏ผ”๏ผ– 3.2 Liquid modernity ๏ผ”๏ผ™ 3.2.1 Liquidity ๏ผ•๏ผ 3.2.2 Emancipation ๏ผ•๏ผ” 3.2.3 Individuality ๏ผ•๏ผ— 3.2.4 Time/Space ๏ผ–๏ผ 3.2.5 Work ๏ผ–๏ผ“ 3.2.6 Community ๏ผ–๏ผ– 3.3 Human conditions in solid and liquid modernity ๏ผ—๏ผ Chapter IV. METHODOLOGY ๏ผ—๏ผ• 4.1 Meta-analysis ๏ผ—๏ผ• 4.2 Data collection ๏ผ—๏ผ™ 4.2.1 Search of the literature database ๏ผ—๏ผ™ 4.2.2 Criteria for selection ๏ผ—๏ผ™ 4.3 Data analysis ๏ผ˜๏ผ“ Chapter V. FINDINGS ๏ผ˜๏ผ˜ 5.1 The World Bank in education development cooperation ๏ผ˜๏ผ˜ 5.2 Overview of the data set ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ‘ 5.3 The five themes ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ” 5.3.1 Development ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ” 5.3.2 Education ๏ผ‘๏ผ๏ผ™ 5.3.3 Knowledge ๏ผ‘๏ผ‘๏ผ“ 5.3.4 Neoliberalism ๏ผ‘๏ผ’๏ผ 5.3.5 Poverty and inequality ๏ผ‘๏ผ’๏ผ– Chapter VI. DISCUSSION ๏ผ‘๏ผ“๏ผ“ 6.1 Application of Baumans modernity theory to the World Banks education development cooperation ๏ผ‘๏ผ“๏ผ“ 6.1.1 The five themes from Baumans perspective on modernity ๏ผ‘๏ผ“๏ผ” 6.1.2 The meaning of mixed modernity of the World Banks education development cooperation ๏ผ‘๏ผ”๏ผ’ 6.2 Education development cooperation in liquid modernity ๏ผ‘๏ผ”๏ผ” 6.2.1 Development as survival ๏ผ‘๏ผ”๏ผ• 6.2.2 The weakened modern state and the individual as the citizens worst enemy ๏ผ‘๏ผ”๏ผ™ 6.2.3 Change in perceptions of education and knowledge ๏ผ‘๏ผ•๏ผ“ CHAPTER VII. CONCLUSION ๏ผ‘๏ผ•๏ผ˜ 7.1 Summary ๏ผ‘๏ผ•๏ผ˜ 7.2 Contributions of this study ๏ผ‘๏ผ–๏ผ‘ 7.3 Limitations of this study ๏ผ‘๏ผ–๏ผ“ REFERENCE ๏ผ‘๏ผ–๏ผ” ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก ๏ผ‘๏ผ˜๏ผ•Docto

    ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€ : ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2020. 2. ์†กํ•œํ˜ธ.์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์˜จ๋‚œํ™” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๋„๋กœ ์ˆ˜์†ก ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋น„ ๊ทœ์ œ๋‚˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ์ถ•์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์€ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋ชจ๋“œ์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ 0์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์— ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‹œ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฃผํ–‰์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•œ ์ฑ„ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋ชจ๋“œ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ 0์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋…ผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์—ฐ๋น„ ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด์ •ํ•œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์—ฐ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋„ ์—ฐ๋น„ ๊ทœ์ œ์™€ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์— ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •, ํŠนํžˆ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ƒ๋ฅ˜ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ๋ ค์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ด์Šˆํ™”๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ์งธ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‘˜ ์งธ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ฐœ์ „์›์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์™€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ฑ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. Well-to-wheel (WTW) ๋ถ„์„์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ƒ์•  ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์›์œ  ์‚ฐ์ง€(Well)๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ • (Wheel)์— ์ด๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ „์ฒด ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ •์—๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ „ ์›๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋„ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ , ๋””์ ค ๋“ฑ์˜ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ˆœ์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ทœ์ œ์น˜์™€ ๋ฒ”์น™๊ธˆ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ–‰์œ„์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž, ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์–ป์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” 2030๋…„์˜ ์ค€์ค‘ํ˜•์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 2030๋…„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ค€์ค‘ํ˜• ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰์€ 50๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ถ”์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค€์ค‘ํ˜•์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ฃผ ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ค€์ค‘ํ˜•์ฐจ๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ณธ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์—๋Š” ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ, ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ, ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์ธ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ์ฃผํ–‰๊ฐ€๋Šฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ 200 ๋งˆ์ผ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„์€ ์›๋ฃŒ ์ถ”์ถœ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ์ฃผ์œ  ๋˜๋Š” ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” Well-to-Tank (WTT) ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” Tank-to-Wheel(TTW) ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์•„๋ฅด๊ณค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹ค์ •์— ๋งž๋„๋ก ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2030๋…„์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์—ฐ๋น„์™€ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฏน์Šค์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์˜ˆ์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์—ฐ๋น„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์œจ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ „๋น„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์œจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ 2030๋…„ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ณ„ํš์€ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฐ์ถ•๊ณผ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ฐœ์ „๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ฆ์ถ•์ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์ด๋‹ค. 2030๋…„์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ์ž๋™์ฐจ, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ, ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ, ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋จผ์ € ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ 138.7, 94.6, 13.2, 0 g-CO2-eq./km ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 160.9, 109.9, 89.3, 85.0 g-CO2-eq./km ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ฃผํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” 138.7 g-CO2-eq./km์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” 75.9 g-CO2-eq./km ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋‘ ์ฐจ์ข… ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ทน์ด ์ขํ˜€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ „๊ณผ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰์œ„์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 2030๋…„์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ–‰์œ„์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจํ˜•์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์†์—์„œ ์„œ๋กœ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์—ฐ๊ด€๋œ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋กœ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž, ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด 2020๋…„์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์น˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 2030๋…„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์—†๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋™์ผ ์„ ์ƒ์˜ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •๋ถ€์˜ 2030๋…„ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์น˜์™€ ๋ฒ”์น™๊ธˆ ์š”์œจ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์น˜๋Š” 62.2 g/km์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ๊ทœ์ œ์น˜๋Š” 109.2 g/km์ด๋‹ค. ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์น™๊ธˆ ์š”์œจ์€ ํ˜„ํ–‰ ๋ฒ•์˜ 2022๋…„ ์ดํ›„ ์‹œํ–‰์•ˆ์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ 1 g/km ์ดˆ๊ณผ ์‹œ 5 ๋งŒ์›์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž์™€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ตฌ๋งค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšจ์šฉ๊ณผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํŒ๋งค์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ˆœ์ด์ต์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๋น„, ์ฃผ์œ ๋น„, ์ถฉ์ „์‹œ๊ฐ„, ์ด์ฃผํ–‰๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ํšจ์šฉ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํšจ์šฉ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค. 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ๊ตฌ๋งค ํ™•๋ฅ ์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ํŒ๋งค์œจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ์˜ ํŒ๋งค ์ˆœ์ด์ต์€ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€์™€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€, ๊ทœ์ œ ๋น„์šฉ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์‹œ์„ค ๋น„์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ํŒ๋งค๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ํŒ๋งค ์ด์ต์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ดํƒˆ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜ ํŒ๋งค์œจ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž์™€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์€ 2030๋…„ ์ค€์ค‘ํ˜• ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํŒ๋งค ๋น„์œจ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 27.7%, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ 29.3%, ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ 10.4%, ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ 32.6%์ด๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์— ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ์ค‘์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋‘๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ „ ์›๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „, ์†ก๋ฐฐ์ „ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ 2030๋…„์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ˆ˜๊ธ‰๊ณ„ํš์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ 562 g/kWh์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด 0๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1068 g/kWh๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ฐจ์ข…์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ํŒ๋งค์œจ, ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ด ์†Œ์œ  ๋น„์šฉ, ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ด ์ˆ˜์ž…์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด 700 g/kWh์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ํƒ„ 100%์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ฏน์Šค์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํœ˜๋ฐœ์œ  ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฏน์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค์—๋Š” ์ „ํ˜€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์—๋Š” ๊ทœ์ œ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฒ”์น™๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉฐ, ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๊ถŒ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์ œ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฏน์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ž‘์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ, ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ ์œ ์œจ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ ์ค€์ค‘ํ˜• ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํŒ๋งค ๋น„์œจ์€ ๋‚ด์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ด€ 25.4~37.2%, ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ 28.3~41.5%, ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ 11.1~5.8%, ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ 35.2~15.5%๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ํŒ๋งค์œจ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด 0 g/kWh์ผ ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1068 g/kWh์ผ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์™€ ์ •๋ถ€, ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ์ด ์†Œ์œ  ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ตฌ์ž… ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ๊ณผ ์†Œ์œ  ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์œ ๋น„, ์œ ์ง€๋น„์šฉ, ๋ณดํ—˜ ๋“ฑ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. 2030๋…„์— ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ์†Œ๋น„์ž 1๋ช…์˜ ์ด ์†Œ์œ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท  4750๋งŒ ์›์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” 4550~4800 ๋งŒ ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํŒ๋งค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ˆœ ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ์œ ๋ฅ˜์„ธ ์„ธ์ž…๊ณผ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฒ”์น™๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์„ธ์ž…์˜ ํ•ฉ์— ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ ์ถฉ์ „์‹œ์„ค ๊ฑด์„ค์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ œํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2030๋…„์— ์ž๋™์ฐจ 50๋งŒ ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋งคํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, 1๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ด ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ ํ‰๊ท  1์กฐ 6000์–ต ์›์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” 1์กฐ 3700์–ต~3์กฐ 3700์–ต ์›์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ‰๊ท  ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” 2030๋…„์— ํŒ๋งค๋œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ์™ธ์—๋„ ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ๋ฐœ์ „, ์ˆ˜์ž…, ์ˆ˜์†ก ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•ฉ์‚ฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ• ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ์จ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ 42.8% ์ ์œ ์œจ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์ธ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋ฏน์Šค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—, ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋˜ํ•œ 78.2~145.6 g-CO2-eq./km๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๊ทธ์ธ ์ฐจ์™€ ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์ ์œ ์œจ์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ‰๊ท  ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์€ 73.7~139.6 g-CO2-eq./km๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ์˜ ์ ์œ ์œจ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ฐ์ถ• ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ฆํญ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „๊ธฐ์ฐจ์˜ ์ ์œ ์œจ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒ์‡„์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ์œ ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ณผ์ • ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทœ์ œ์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค.Various regulations are in place around the world to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming problems. In the road transportation sector, greenhouse gas emissions are to be reduced through fuel economy standard or greenhouse gas standard. The characteristic of this regulation is that the emission of greenhouse gas emissions from the exhaust port is zero for vehicles in electric driving mode, and additional incentives are provided. However, the electric vehicle does not emit GHG while driving the vehicle, but greenhouse gas is generated in the process of obtaining electricity required for driving the vehicle. Besides, various discussions have been made on estimating GHG emissions in the electric driving mode as 0, ignoring the upstream greenhouse gases. Especially in recent years such discussions have become more specific. In particular, Japan's new fuel economy standards announced that it would use vehicle fuel economy corrected using the Well-to-Tank efficiency of the fuel production stage. Accordingly, in Korea, it is necessary to predict and evaluate the effects of applying life cycle analysis results on fuel economy regulation and greenhouse gas regulation. There are two main reasons why the consideration of the fuel production process, especially upstream of electricity, is needed. First, the demand for electricity will increase as demand for electric vehicles increases in the future. Second, greenhouse gas emissions during the electricity production process are depending on the type of power generation. In this situation, life cycle analysis can be used as a tool to quantitatively evaluate the environmental friendliness of various fuels and vehicles. Well-to-wheel (WTW) analysis refers to the life cycle analysis of automotive fuels and represents the life cycle process, from oil production to the vehicle operation. The life cycle process of the electric vehicle includes the vehicle driving process, the power generation process, and the production process of power generation raw materials. For the sake of a fair comparison, the internal combustion engine car includes all related fuel production processes such as gasoline and diesel, just like electric vehicles. In this study, I proposed the life-cycle GHG regulation regulated based on the life-cycle GHG emission value of automobile fuel and evaluated the effect of the new GHG standards on the vehicle market and stakeholders. It also showed that the national energy policy could be linked to the automobile policy through Well-to-wheel standards. The research order of this study is as follows. First, a life cycle analysis of automobile fuels in Korea was performed, and future life cycle greenhouse gas emissions were predicted. Next, the GHG emission regulations and penalties for life cycle regulation were established, and a model was designed to predict the mutual influence between the government, consumers, and automobile manufacturers based on the actor-based model. Using this model, the vehicle market prediction model can be used to predict how a car manufacturer will set a price for a product and what product a consumer will buy. Third, I analyzed the social phenomena that apply life cycle GHG regulations to the life cycle analysis results and automobile market prediction model. The automotive GHG life cycle analysis is divided into the well-to-tank (WTT) process, which means the process from raw material extraction to refueling or filling the car, and the tank-to-wheel (TTW) process, which means the car driving process. For gasoline cars, hybrid cars, plug-in hybrid cars, and electric cars, the GHGs emitted during the TTW process are 138.7, 94.6, 13.2, and 0 g-CO2-eq./km, respectively. The WTW GHG emissions were calculated for four vehicles in the order of 160.9, 109.9, 89.3, 85.0 g-CO2-eq./km. The difference in TTW GHG emissions between gasoline vehicle and electric vehicle is 138.7 g-CO2-eq./km, but the difference in WTW GHG emissions is 75.9 g-CO2-eq./km. Next, I used an agent-based model to design a model that predicts the automotive market for 2030. An agent-based model is an analytical technique used to predict decision-making of actors that influence and influence each other in socio-economic environments. In this study, the government, consumers, and automobile manufacturers were selected as agents involved in the vehicle market. The goal of the GHG emission regulation is set by comprehensively considering the national GHG reduction target, the potential reduction in the transport sector, and the manufacturers' interests. The GHG standard in Korea has announced its targets by 2020, and no future targets have been announced. Therefore, the average TTW and WTW emissions are inferred from the goal of alternative vehicle supply in Korea in 2030. The target value of original GHG standards is 62.2 g / km, and the target value of proposed GHG standards is 109.2 g / km. Penalty rates for failure to achieve GHG regulations were set at 50,000 won when exceeding 1 g/km. Consumers and manufacturers make decisions to increase the utility of car purchases and the net profit from car sales, respectively. Consumers determine their utility in consideration of the price, fuel economy, fueling cost, charging time, and total driving distance of their vehicles. The automaker's net profit is determined by retail prices, production costs, regulatory costs, and research and production facility costs. The vehicle market prediction model was designed to calculate the optimal product price and the market share according to the mutual influence between consumers and manufacturers. Third, I analyzed the impact that would occur when implementing GHG standards on the vehicle market by applying WTW emissions to GHG regulation. In order to effectively observe the effects of greenhouse gas emissions during the fuel production phase, I have focused on the electricity generation process in which the impact is prominent. Assessing how life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions vary from zero to 1068 g/kWh, resulting in changes in greenhouse gas emissions by vehicle type, resulting in product prices and sales rates in the automotive market, total cost of ownership for consumers, and gross government revenues. As a result, the vehicle market applying the WTW standards has the following characteristics. First, the vehicle market is directly affected by the upstream emissions of the fuel. The original standard regulates the vehicle's Tank-to-Wheel GHG emissions, and the proposed standard regulates the vehicle's Well-to-Wheel GHG emissions. Thus, when the GHG emissions of the electricity production process change, the proposed standard is affected, but the original standard is not. In this study, the regulation cost is determined by the difference between the vehicle's GHG emissions and the GHG target value. The regulation cost is included in the vehicle retail price, which means that the price of the vehicle may change in the proposed standard. As a result, changes in market share due to changes in upstream emissions helped to reduce or offset the increase in total GHG emissions. Sales of PHEV and BEV declined as upstream GHG increased, while sales of PHEV and BEV increased as upstream GHG decreased. In this study, the vehicle market responded flexibly to changes in upstream emission under proposed standards. Second, when the generation mix is the same as Korea's development plan for 2030, the total GHG emissions of the proposed standard will be greater than that of the original standard. This is because the gap between ICEV and BEV is reduced when regulating WTW emissions of vehicles rather than regulating TTW emissions. As a result, sales volume of ICEV and HEV increased, and the sales volume of PHEV and BEV decreased in the proposed standard. In this study, four scenarios are proposed to solve the problem of increasing greenhouse gas emissions under the proposed standard. The four methods are to increase the penalty rate, improve engine efficiency, improve the ratio of PHEV and BEV, and reduce battery price. Besides, this study evaluated the impacts of consumers and governments on four scenarios. The impact of each agent on GHG standards is expressed in terms of TCO and GOV income. The results of this study have the limitation that the total GHG emissions under the WTW standard are higher than those under the TTW standard at the power generation mix level in Korea in 2030. This result arises the concern that the WTW standard are less effective than the TTW standard to reduce the GHG emissions. To solve this concern, this study suggests the development of vehicle technology, reduction of battery price, and increase of penalty rate. However, there are two problems: 1. Difficulty of direct intervention through the policy, 2. GHG reduction effect is greater in TTW regulation with the new technology. Therefore, there is a need to make meaningful suggestions for the phenomenon that seems to increase GHG emission due to the proposed standard. I suggested the two power generation mixes that represent important features.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Research background 1 1.2. Research objectives 11 1.3. Research scope 15 Chapter 2. Well-to-Wheel analysis 16 2.1. Introduction 16 2.2. Previous researches 16 2.3. Well-to-Wheel processes approach and methodology 18 2.4. Well-to-Wheel analysis of automotive fuels in Korea 21 2.4.1. Petroleum-based fuel 21 2.4.2. Natural gas 22 2.4.3. Electricity 24 2.4.4. Hydrogen 28 2.5. WTW GHG emissions results in 2017 33 2.6. Future prediction 36 Chapter 3. Agent-based analysis 41 3.1. Introduction 41 3.2. Previous researches 43 3.3. Methodology โ€“ Key parameters and assumptions 45 3.3.1. Policymaker โ€“ Manage the nationwide greenhouse gas emission standard 45 3.3.2. Manufacturer - Decision of vehicle fuel economy and price to maximize profit 47 3.3.3. Consumer โ€“ Select the vehicle with the highest utility 49 3.4. Responses of the agents to the GHG emission standard - Mathematical approach 55 3.4.1. Nash equilibrium 55 3.4.2. Mathematical approach (1) โ€“ Excluding the fixed cost 56 3.4.3. Mathematical approach (2) โ€“ Including the fixed cost 61 3.5. Model validation and sensitivity analysis 65 Chapter 4. Results and Discussion 71 4.1. Evaluation of WTW GHG standards using the WTW results and market prediction model 71 4.1.1. How to read the results graphs 71 4.1.2. Definition of six results parameters - No standard case 73 4.2. Comparison of the effect of original standard (TTW standard) and proposed standard (WTW standard) 80 4.3. How to reduce the total GHG emissions in 2030, with proposed standards 88 Chapter 5. Conclusion 93 Bibliography 97 ๊ตญ๋ฌธ ์ดˆ๋ก 104Docto

    Understanding Student Experiences of Participating in the Dongseo University CAMPUS Asia Program: Living Together and Learning the Common Curriculum Together

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    ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ์บ ํผ์Šค ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์‹œ๋ฒ”์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” 10๊ฐœ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ค‘ ์ด๋™์‹ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ณต๋™์บ ํผ์Šค๋ผ๋Š” ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๊ตญ์ œํ•™์ƒ์ด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์„œ๋Œ€-๊ด‘๋™์™ธ์–ด์™ธ๋ฌด๋Œ€-๋ฆฌ์ธ ๋ฉ”์ด์นธ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์„œ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์ƒํ™œ-ํ•™์Šต ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ˜• ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ(๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ LLP)์œผ๋กœ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™์„œ๋Œ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ LLP์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ๊ณผ ๊ณต๋™๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์ฐธ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํ•™์Šต๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์บ ํผ์Šค ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ 10๋ช…์˜ ๋™์„œ๋Œ€ ํ•™์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋™์„œ๋Œ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ 3๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ค‘๊ตญ, ์ผ๋ณธํ•™์ƒ๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ๊ณต๋™์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ์šฐ์ •์„ ํ‚ค์šฐ๊ณ , ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์ค‘์žฌ์ž ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์†์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ์ธ์ •, ๋ฐฐ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์„œ๋Œ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ 3๊ตญ์„ ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์บ ํผ์Šค ๋ฐ ๊ณต๋™๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 3๊ฐœ ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋Šฅ์ˆ™ํžˆ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ์ž…์ฒด์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ‚ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ, ํ•œ์ค‘์ผ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด ์˜์‹์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™์„œ๋Œ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ ‘์ด‰์ด๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™์„œ๋Œ€ ์‚ฌ์—…๋‹จ, ์บ ํผ์Šค ์•„์‹œ์•„ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ•  ๋“ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. This study researched one of the 10 consortia from the CAMPUS Asia(CA) project, the Dongseo University(Korea)- Guangdong University of Foreign Studies(China)- Ritsumeikan University(Japan) consortium. This consortium introduced the innovative international mobility campus among three countries. Categorizing this Dongseo University program as an example of the global living-learning program(LLP), the purpose of this study is to explore what Korean students from Dongseo University participating in the CA program learn from living together and learning together the common curriculum with Chinese and Japanese students. Qualitative methodology was used, including in-depth interviews with 10 Dongseo University participating students. Findings showed that these Korean students developed global friendship, played the role of mediator for conflict, and grew to accept and consider differences amid conflict from living together with Chinese and Japanese students in the same consortium. Findings also showed that Dongseo University students learned to utilize three Asian languages fluently, develop multi-dimensional perspectives toward history among three East Asian countries, and form the East Asian community perception from studying on the international mobility campus and learning the common curriculum. Applying contact theory to explain aforementioned participants experiences, implications for the Dongseo University consortium, CA project, and the role of Korea in international higher education were suggested

    Comparison of the Educational Discourses in National Development between Oh Cheon-Seok and Chung Beom-Mo: A Review of Korean Education Development Theories

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ „์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ต์œก์˜ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์–ด๋– ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜ค์ฒœ์„๊ณผ ์ •๋ฒ”๋ชจ์˜ ํ•™๋ฌธ์  ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต, ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ ์ดํ›„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1990๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ต์œก๋ฐœ์ „๋ก ์ด ์ง€๋‹Œ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก๋ฐœ์ „๋ก ์€ ๊ต์œก์„ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ „์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ง€์–ด ๊ต์œก์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฃผ์ œ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ์„œ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ๊ต์œก๋ฐœ์ „ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…, ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชฉ์ /๋ชฉํ‘œ, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋…ผ์˜ํ‹€๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‘ ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ๊ต์œก๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต, ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๋น„๋ก ์˜ค์ฒœ์„๊ณผ ์ •๋ฒ”๋ชจ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ํ™œ๋™ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋– ์•ˆ์•˜์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค์ฒœ์„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ฒ”๋ชจ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฃผ์š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์  ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ณ  ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๊ต์œก์˜ ์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ต์œก์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ข‹์€ ํ† ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. The purpose of this research is to explore and compare the academic discourses of Oh Cheon-Seok and Chung Beom-Mo regarding the role of education in national development. In addition, the characteristic of Korean education development theories from 1945 to 2000 will be examined and critically reviewed. Education development theory is a theory which reveals the feature of education in relation to development and national development. In this research, it is suggested as a research framework that the two educationists definition and purpose of education, perspectives of national development and the role of education for economic growth. The results of the study from the comparison and analysis of their arguments about education development suggest that although Oh Cheon-Seok and Chung Beom-Mo worked at different periods and carried out different national tasks, the educational development of modern Korea was considered as a significant method for national development. This research is expected to contribute to design education and educational tasks for future societies by reflecting the experience where education was highly dependent on development tasks
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