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    간세포암 μœ μ „μ²΄μ˜ λ©”ν‹Έν™” 뢄석: 탐색적 연ꡬ

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(박사)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μ˜κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ μ˜ν•™κ³Ό,2019. 8. κΉ€νƒœμœ .Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers and epigenetics have been recognized to play a key role in its pathogenesis. This research aimed to evaluate the predictive value of DNA methylation profiles for late recurrence in HCC after resection. Methods: A total of 184 patients who underwent curative resection at a single institute from 2011 to 2016 were prospectively enrolled. Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation EPIC 850K BeadChip (Illumina, CA, USA) arrays were used to examine DNA methylation profiles in HCC tumors and adjacent nontumorous liver tissues. Results: Among the initial 184 patients, we excluded two, for whom tumor tissue was inadequate to perform tumor DNA extraction, in addition to 42 patients who presented with disease recurrence within 1 year after surgery. Of the remaining 140 patients, two tumor subgroups (methylation group 1 and 2) were identified based on methylation profiles using consensus clustering. Interestingly, methylation group 1 (N = 81, 57.8%) and 2 (N = 59, 42.2%) were different from each other, and the methylation profile of group 2 was most distinct from nontumorous liver tissues. In contrast, group 1 had similar methylation profiles to nontumorous liver tissues. At the time of analysis, 28 (23.5%) patients had experienced recurrence. In methylation group 1 and 2, this was observed in 12 (14.8%) and 16 (27.1%) patients, respectively. Moreover, the median relapse-free survival (RFS) of methylation group 1 was longer than that of methylation group 2 (not reached vs 1505 days, p = 0.036). Based on univariate analysis, patients with preoperative thrombocytopenia (plateletβ€Š<β€Š100β€Š Γ—β€Š 109/L) had worse RFS than patients without thrombocytopenia (921 days vs not reached, p = 0.045). However, by multivariate analysis, the methylation profile was the only significant predictor of late recurrence. Conclusions: The major finding of the present study is that late recurrence in patients who received curative resection for HCC can be predicted based on DNA methylation. Methylation group 2 was found to be associated with poorer RFS. Our data could be used to provide more personalized therapy for patients at higher risk of late recurrence.μ„œλ‘ : 간세포암은 μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μž₯ ν”ν•˜κ²Œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ•”μ’… μ€‘μ˜ ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄λ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ κ°„μ„Έν¬μ•”μ˜ λ°œλ³‘ κΈ°μ „μ—λŠ” ν›„μ„±μœ μ „μ²΄μ˜ λ³€ν™”κ°€ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 역할을 ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ•Œλ €μ Έ μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 간세포암 μœ μ „μ²΄ λ©”ν‹Έν™” 변이가 수술 ν›„ 1λ…„ 이후에 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 재발과의 관련성에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν•˜λ©°, μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μœ μ „μ²΄ λ©”ν‹Έν™”κ°€ μž¬λ°œμ„ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λŠ” μΈμžλ‘œμ„œ 역할을 ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ³΄κ³ μž ν•œλ‹€. 방법: 2011λ…„λΆ€ν„° 2016λ…„κΉŒμ§€ μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅λ³‘μ›μ—μ„œ 근치적 λͺ©μ μœΌλ‘œ μˆ˜μˆ μ„ μ‹œν–‰λ°›μ€ 총 184λͺ…μ˜ 간세포암 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μ „ν–₯적으둜 λ“±λ‘ν•˜μ—¬ 검체λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation EPIC 850K BeadChip (Illumina, CA, USA)으둜 κ°„μ•” 쑰직과 인근 정상 κ°„ μ‘°μ§μ—μ„œ μœ μ „μž λ©”ν‹Έν™”λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ²°κ³Ό: 총 184λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μž μ€‘μ—μ„œ, μ‘°μ§μ—μ„œ μœ μ „μž μΆ”μΆœμ— μ‹€νŒ¨ν•œ 2λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μž 및 수술 ν›„ 1λ…„ 이전에 μž¬λ°œν•œ 42λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžλŠ” λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œ μ œμ™Έλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 140λͺ…μ˜ ν™˜μžμ—μ„œ consensus clustering 기법을 μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ©”ν‹Έν™” λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 크게 두 그룹으둜 λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆλ‹€. λ©”ν‹Έν…Œμ΄μ…˜ κ·Έλ£Ή 1은 81λͺ…(57.8%), κ·Έλ£Ή 2λŠ” 59λͺ…(42.2%)μ΄μ—ˆκ³ , 두 κ·Έλ£Ήκ°„ λ©”ν‹Έν™”μ˜ μ°¨μ΄λŠ” λͺ…λ°±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έλ£Ή 1의 μœ μ „μž λ©”ν‹Έν™”λŠ” 정상 κ°„ 쑰직과 μœ μ‚¬ν•œ κ²½ν–₯을 λ³΄μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, κ·Έλ£Ή 2의 λ©”ν‹Έν™”λŠ” 정상 간쑰직과 κ·Ήλͺ…ν•œ 차이가 μžˆμ—ˆμœΌλ©°, 정상 간쑰직에 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ λ©”ν‹Έλ ˆμ΄μ…˜μ΄ κ°μ†Œλœ κ²½ν–₯을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ…Όλ¬Έμ˜ κ²°κ³Ό 뢄석 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œλŠ” 총 28λͺ…(23.5%)의 ν™˜μžκ°€ μž¬λ°œν•œ μƒνƒœμ˜€λ‹€. κ·Έλ£Ή 1μ—μ„œλŠ” 12λͺ…(14.8%), 2μ—μ„œλŠ” 16λͺ…(27.1%)이 μž¬λ°œμ„ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 무병생쑴기간에 λŒ€ν•œ λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œλŠ” κ·Έλ£Ή 1의 무병생쑴기간은 아직 쀑앙값에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μœΌλ©°, κ·Έλ£Ή 2의 무병생쑴기간 쀑앙값은 1505일둜 λ³΄κ³ λ˜μ–΄ κ·Έλ£Ή 1이 ν†΅κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ μœ μ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 더 κΈ΄ 무병생쑴기간을 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€(μœ μ˜ν™•λ₯  0.036). κ·Έ 외에, 수술 μ „ ν˜ˆμ†ŒνŒ κ°μ†Œ(10만/L 미만)κ°€ μžˆλŠ” ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ 무병생쑴기간 쀑앙값이 921일둜, ν˜ˆμ†ŒνŒ κ°μ†Œκ°€ μ—†λŠ” ν™˜μžλ“€μ— λΉ„ν•΄μ„œ μ§§μ•˜λ‹€(μœ μ˜ν™•λ₯  0.045). κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜, 무병생쑴기간에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€λ³€λŸ‰ λΆ„μ„μ—μ„œλŠ” μœ μ „μž λ©”ν‹Έν™” 차이만이 수술 1λ…„ 이후 μž¬λ°œμ„ μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜λŠ” μœ μ˜ν•œ μΈμžμ˜€λ‹€. κ²°λ‘ : λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ°„μ„Έν¬μ•”μ˜ μœ μ „μ²΄ λ©”ν‹Έν™” λ³€ν™”κ°€ 수술 1λ…„ μ΄ν›„μ˜ 재발과 관련성이 μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ©”ν‹Έν…Œμ΄μ…˜ κ·Έλ£Ή 2λŠ” κ·Έλ£Ή 1에 λΉ„κ΅ν•΄μ„œ 짧은 무병생쑴기간은 λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ 연ꡬ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 1λ…„ 이후 μž¬λ°œμœ„ν—˜μ΄ 높을 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μ˜ˆμƒλ˜λŠ” ν™˜μžλ“€μ„ μ„ μ •ν•˜μ—¬, μœ„ν—˜λ„μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 맞좀치료λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ° κ·Όκ±°λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€λœλ‹€.Introduction 1 Material and Methods 6 Results 17 Discussion 40 References 46 Abstract in Korean 54Docto

    제 2ν˜• 당뇨병 ν™˜μžμ˜ ν˜ˆλ‹Ή λΉ„μ‘°μ ˆ κ΄€λ ¨ μš”μΈ 뢄석 : 제 5κΈ° κ΅­λ―Όκ±΄κ°•μ˜μ–‘μ‘°μ‚¬μžλ£Œ(2010-2012)λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬

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    λ³΄κ±΄λŒ€ν•™μ›/석사당뇨병은 μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ μ£Όμš”μ‚¬λ§μ›μΈμ„ μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ” μ§ˆν™˜μ΄λ©°, 당뇨병 ν™˜μžμ˜ μˆ˜λŠ” μ§€μ†μ μœΌλ‘œ μ¦κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 좔세이닀. 당뇨병은 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 합병증을 μœ λ°œν•˜λŠ” μ§ˆν™˜μœΌλ‘œ μ μ ˆν•œ ν˜ˆλ‹Ή 관리가 이루어지지 μ•ŠμœΌλ©΄, λ―Έμ„Έν˜ˆκ΄€ 및 λŒ€ν˜ˆκ΄€ 합병증이 λ°œμƒν•  수 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ 합병증 μ˜ˆλ°©μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ—„κ²©ν•˜κ³  적극적인 ν˜ˆλ‹Ή 쑰절이 ν•„μˆ˜μ μ΄λ‹€. κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μš°λ¦¬λ‚˜λΌ 당뇨병 ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ ν˜ˆλ‹Ή 쑰절λ₯ κ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨λœ ν†΅κ³„μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄, κ΅­λ‚΄μ˜ ν˜ˆλ‹Ή 쑰절 기쀀인 λ‹Ήν™”ν˜ˆμƒ‰μ†Œ 6.5% 미만, λ―Έκ΅­ 기쀀인 λ‹Ήν™”ν˜ˆμƒ‰μ†Œ 7% λ―Έλ§Œμ„ 기쀀을 μ μš©ν•˜μ˜€μ„ λ•Œ, 쑰절λ₯ μ΄ 각각 27.9%, 43.4% μˆ˜μ€€ 밖에 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ 전체 당뇨병 ν™˜μžμ˜ 절반 이상이 ν˜ˆλ‹Ή 관리가 λΆ€μ μ ˆν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 당뇨병 κ΄€λ¦¬λŠ” 당뇨 μœ ν˜•μ— 따라 μ ‘κ·Ό 방식에 λ‹€μ†Œ 차이가 있으며, κ·Έ 쀑 제 2ν˜• 당뇨병은 경ꡬ ν˜ˆλ‹Ήκ°•ν•˜μ œ, 인슐린, λΉ„μ•½λ¬Όμš”λ²• λ“± μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 치료λ₯Ό 단독 λ˜λŠ” 병행할 수 μžˆλŠ” μœ ν˜•μ΄λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μ„±μΈμ˜ 90-95%κ°€ μ•“κ³  μžˆλŠ” μœ ν˜•μ΄λ©°, ν˜ˆλ‹Ή 관리 방법이 비ꡐ적 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 제 2ν˜• 당뇨병 ν™˜μžμ˜ ν˜ˆλ‹Ή λΉ„μ‘°μ ˆμ— 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” μš”μΈμ„ λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨, ν–₯ν›„ 제 2ν˜• 당뇨병 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μ μ ˆν•˜κ²Œ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ³΄κ±΄μ˜λ£Œμ •μ±…μ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜λŠ”λ° 기초자료λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 제5κΈ° κ΅­λ―Όκ±΄κ°•μ˜μ–‘μ‘°μ‚¬(2010-2012) 자료λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ„€λ¬Έ 쑰사에 μ°Έμ—¬ν•œ 전체 λŒ€μƒμž 25,534λͺ… 쀑 μ˜μ‚¬μ—κ²Œ 당뇨병을 진단받은 적이 있고, 진단 μ—°λ Ή 및 치료 정보 등을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ 제 2ν˜• 당뇨병이라 λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ” 1,233λͺ…을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 선행연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 ν˜ˆλ‹Ή λΉ„μ‘°μ ˆμ— 영ν–₯을 μ£ΌλŠ” μš”μΈμ„ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜μ—¬ λ³€μˆ˜λ‘œ μ„ μ •ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , 톡계 뢄석은 SAS version 9.4λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 기술 뢄석 및 Survey νŠΉμ„±μ„ λ°˜μ˜ν•œ Rao-scott chi-square, logistic regression 뢄석 방법을 μ‹œν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³Ό 제 2ν˜• 당뇨병 ν™˜μž 1,233λͺ… 쀑 μ μ ˆν•˜κ²Œ ν˜ˆλ‹Ήμ΄ μ‘°μ ˆλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”β€˜ν˜ˆλ‹Ή λΉ„μ‘°μ ˆκ΅°β€™μ€ 648λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ 전체 λŒ€μƒμžμ˜ 52.6%μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. Rao-scott chi-square 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό, 기혼인 경우, 당뇨 μœ λ³‘κΈ°κ°„μ΄ 15λ…„ 이상인 κ΅°, 인슐린 및 ν˜ˆλ‹Ήκ°•ν•˜μ œ λ³‘ν•©μš”λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ” κ΅°, κ³ ν˜ˆμ•• λΉ„μœ λ³‘κ΅°, κ³ μ½œλ ˆμŠ€ν…Œλ‘€ν˜ˆμ¦ μœ λ³‘κ΅°, κ³ μ€‘μ„±μ§€λ°©ν˜ˆμ¦ μœ λ³‘κ΅°, ν˜„μž¬ν‘μ—°κ΅°, μˆ˜λ©΄μ‹œκ°„ 9μ‹œκ°„ 이상인 κ΅°μ—μ„œ ν˜ˆλ‹Ή λΉ„μ‘°μ ˆλ₯ μ΄ λ†’μ•˜λ‹€. Survey νŠΉμ„±μ„ λ°˜μ˜ν•œ logistic regression κ²°κ³Ό, 초쑸 μ΄ν•˜μ— λΉ„ν•΄ κ³ μ‘Έμ—μ„œ ν˜ˆλ‹Ή λΉ„μ‘°μ ˆ ꡐ차비가 1.87μ˜€κ³ , μ„œμšΈμ— λΉ„ν•΄ 좩청의 κ΅μ°¨λΉ„λŠ” 1.99, 전라/제주의 κ΅μ°¨λΉ„λŠ” 1.72으둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. 당뇨 μœ λ³‘κΈ°κ°„μ€ 5λ…„ 미만인 ꡰ에 λΉ„ν•΄ 5-14년인 ꡰ의 κ΅μ°¨λΉ„λŠ” 2.00, 15λ…„ 이상인 ꡰ의 κ΅μ°¨λΉ„λŠ” 3.15μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 당뇨 λΉ„μΉ˜λ£Œκ΅°μ— λΉ„ν•΄ 인슐린 및 ν˜ˆλ‹Ήκ°•ν•˜μ œ λ³‘ν•©μš”λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•˜λŠ” ꡰ의 κ΅μ°¨λΉ„λŠ” 4.23μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, κ³ μ€‘μ„±μ§€λ°©ν˜ˆμ¦ λΉ„μœ λ³‘κ΅°μ— λΉ„ν•΄ μœ λ³‘κ΅°μ˜ κ΅μ°¨λΉ„λŠ” 2.78둜 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚¬λ‹€. λΉ„μŒμ£Όκ΅°μ— λΉ„ν•΄ μ€‘κ°„μœ„ν—˜κ΅°μ˜ κ΅μ°¨λΉ„λŠ” 0.56μ΄μ—ˆκ³ , 비흑연ꡰ에 λΉ„ν•΄ κ³Όκ±°ν‘μ—°κ΅°μ˜ κ΅μ°¨λΉ„λŠ” 0.62μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μˆ˜λ©΄μ‹œκ°„ 6μ‹œκ°„ 미만인 ꡰ에 λΉ„ν•΄ 9μ‹œκ°„ 이상인 ꡰ의 κ΅μ°¨λΉ„λŠ” 1.81μ΄μ—ˆλ‹€. 이 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” 제 2ν˜• 당뇨병 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μΈκ΅¬μ‚¬νšŒμ μš”μΈ 및 κ±΄κ°•ν–‰νƒœμš”μΈμ„ λͺ¨λ‘ λ³΄μ •ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„ν•œ 연ꡬ이며, 특히 κ΅­λ‚΄ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ λ‹€μ†Œ λ―Έν‘ν–ˆλ˜ 당뇨병 μœ ν˜•μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ—°κ΅¬λŒ€μƒμž ꡬ뢄을 μ‹œλ„ν•˜μ˜€κ³ , ν˜ˆλ‹Ή λΉ„μ‘°μ ˆκ³Ό κ΄€λ ¨ν•˜μ—¬ κ±°μ£Ό 지역 에 λŒ€ν•΄ 지리학적 ꡬ뢄에 λ”°λ₯Έ 뢄석을 μ‹œλ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€λŠ” μ μ—μ„œ μ˜μ˜κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λΉ„μΆ”μ–΄ λ³Ό λ•Œ, 제 2ν˜• 당뇨병 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ ν˜ˆλ‹Ή 쑰절 관리 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ κ°œλ°œν•  μ‹œ ν˜ˆλ‹Ή λΉ„μ‘°μ ˆμ˜ ꡐ차비가 λ†’μ•˜λ˜ ꡰ에 λŒ€ν•΄ 적극적인 관심을 κ°€μ Έμ•Ό ν•˜κ³ , κ·Έ 쀑 거주지역에 λ”°λ₯Έ ν˜ˆλ‹Ή λΉ„μ‘°μ ˆμ˜ 차이가 μžˆμŒμ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜μ—¬μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ 당뇨병은 μžκ°€ 관리가 ν•„μˆ˜μ μΈ μ§ˆν™˜μ΄κΈ΄ ν•˜λ‚˜ 이λ₯Ό κ°œμΈμ—κ²Œλ§Œ κ°•μ‘°ν•  것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ ꡭ가적 μ°¨μ›μ—μ„œ 관리가 ν•„μš”ν•΄μ•Όν•¨μ„ μΈμ‹ν•˜κ³ , 개인 및 지역적 ν™˜κ²½μ˜ 차이λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ ν†΅ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ 관리할 수 μžˆλŠ” 포괄적인 λ³΄κ±΄μ˜λ£Œμ •μ±…μ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€.ope

    Synthetic studies on lasonolide A analogues

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    Thesis (master`s)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :ν™”ν•™λΆ€ μœ κΈ°ν™”ν•™μ „κ³΅,2004.Maste

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (석사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : μ˜ν•™κ³Ό, 2011.8. κΉ€νƒœμœ .Maste

    무선 인지 톡신과 κΈ°κΈ°κ°„ 직접 ν†΅μ‹ μ˜ μ„±λŠ₯ 뢄석 및 μ΅œμ ν™”

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ (박사)-- μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› : κ³΅κ³ΌλŒ€ν•™ 전기·컴퓨터곡학뢀, 2018. 2. μ΄μž¬ν™.Cognitive radio (CR) and device-to-device (D2D) communications are promising technologies to enhance high spectral efficiency and regarded as key technologies for the upcoming fifth generation (5G) wireless communications. In CR, unlicensed users, a.k.a. secondary users, are allowed to opportunistically reuse underutilized spectrum bands which are allocated to licensed users, a.k.a. primary users. In D2D communications, D2D users directly communicate each other without going through a base station, typically by using the cellular spectrum. Since both CR and D2D communications take place in the spectrum band already occupied by legacy users, interference management is necessary. Especially, in CR, reducing mutual interference between primary and secondary network is one of the most important factors to improve network reliability. In D2D communications, a comprehensive interference management scheme is needed which limits not only the mutual interference between them but also the interference to cellular users. The dissertation consists of two main results. First, we investigate an underlay CR network consisting of a single-hop secondary network co-existing with a multi-hop primary network. In the secondary network, the secondary destination receives the same interference signals from primary terminals over different time. To improve reliability of the secondary destination, it cancels the interference by using successive interference cancellation. We analyze the outage probability of the primary network in an integral expression and obtain its closed form for a special case. Also, we approximate the outage probability of the secondary network in a closed form. The validity of our analysis is verified by computer simulations. It is shown that the analytical results for the outage probability of the primary network perfectly match the simulation results. Also, it is shown that approximate outage probability of the secondary network is close to the simulation results. Second, we investigate underlay D2D communications in cellular networks where D2D transmitters transmit data to their receivers using cellular spectrum. We analyze the average sum throughput of D2D receivers in interference-limited channels. To enhance it, we propose a semi-distributed spectrum access scheme which consists of two stages. In the first stage, a cellular base station divides whole D2D transmitters into multiple groups and assigns a different subchannel to each group. In the second stage, D2D transmitters in each group randomly access the subchannel assigned to it with predetermined access probability. We formulate an optimization problem to find the groups and access probabilities which maximize the average sum throughput. To overcome the prohibitive computational complexity to obtain its optimal solution, we decompose it into two subproblems: one to find groups and one to find access probabilities. A heuristic grouping algorithm is adopted to solve the former, and a branch-and-bound based algorithm is proposed to solve the latter. The validity of the branch-and-bound based algorithm is shown by performance comparison with an exhaustive search. It is shown that the heuristic grouping and the branch-and-bound based algorithm achieve higher average sum throughput than conventional methods.1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background and Related Work 2 1.1.1 Cognitive Radio 2 1.1.2 Device-to-Device Communication 4 1.2 Outline of Dissertation 7 1.3 Notations 8 2 Underlay Cognitive Radio Networks with Multi-Hop Primary Transmission 11 2.1 System Model 13 2.2 Performance Analysis of Primary Network 17 2.2.1 Outage Probability for DF Relays 17 2.2.2 Outage Probability for AF Relays 22 2.2.3 Optimal Number of Hops 23 2.3 Outage Probability of Secondary Network 24 2.3.1 With DF Primary Relays 24 2.3.2 With AF Primary Relays 31 2.4 Numerical Results 33 2.4.1 Outage Probability of Primary Network 33 2.4.2 Outage Probability of Secondary Network 34 2.5 Summary and Application 35 3 Semi-Distributed Spectrum Access for Underlay D2D Communications 51 3.1 System Model 56 3.1.1 Interference Constraint 57 3.1.2 Signaling Overhead 58 3.2 Average Sum Throughput of D2D Receivers 59 3.3 Problem Formulation and Grouping Algorithm 64 3.3.1 Problem Formulation 64 3.3.2 Grouping Algorithm for D2D Transmitters 66 3.4 Optimal Access Probability 71 3.4.1 Problem Formulation 71 3.4.2 Branch-and-Bound Based Algorithm 72 3.5 Numerical Results 77 3.6 Summary 98 4 Conclusion 99 4.1 Summary 99 4.2 Future Works 100 A Derivation of (3.40) 102 B Proof of Non-Convexity of Problem (3.42) 104 C Classication of a Set in Branch-and-Bound Based Algorithm 106 D Maximum of Average Sum Throughput of D2D Receivers 108 Bibliography 109 Korean Abstract 119Docto

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    Docto

    μ‚¬λžŒ μ‹ κ²½λͺ¨μ„Έν¬μ’…μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ•„ν¬ν† μ‹œμŠ€μ˜ 촉진에 cAMPκ°€ λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ” 영ν–₯에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ

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    Thesis (master`s)--μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :ν˜‘λ™κ³Όμ • μœ μ „κ³΅ν•™μ „κ³΅02000.Maste

    (A) Study on scan RTA effect on the MILC and Polycrystalline-Silicon Solar cells fabrication

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    ν•™μœ„λ…Όλ¬Έ(석사) --μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ λŒ€ν•™μ› :μž¬λ£Œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€,2010.2.Maste
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