42 research outputs found

    How does limited capacity affect processing novel shapes?

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    Thesis(master`s)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ง€๊ฐ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์ „๊ณต,2005.Maste

    Cost-effectiveness analysis of antidepressants in treatment of major depressive disorder

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ(์‚ฌํšŒ์•ฝํ•™ ์ „๊ณต),2010.2.Maste

    ์ตœ์ •ํฌ ์†Œ์„ค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์  ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ตญ์–ด๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ฌธํ•™์ „๊ณต,1998.Maste

    ์กฐ์„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์น ๋ณด์‚ฐ ์œ ๋žŒํ’์กฐ์™€ ์น ๋ณด์‚ฐ๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์‚ผ์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ Leeum์ด ์ฃผ์ตœํ•œ ํŠน๋ณ„์ „ ใ€ˆ็ดฐๅฏ†ๅฏ่ฒด: ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฏธ์ˆ ์˜ ํ’ˆ๊ฒฉใ€‰์˜ ํ•™์ˆ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋กœ 2015๋…„ 8์›” 20์ผ์— ๊ฐœ์ตœ๋œ ํ•™์ˆ ์„ธ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ "์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฏธ์ˆ "์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•œ ใ€Œ19์„ธ๊ธฐ ไธƒๅฏถๅฑฑๅœ–์˜ ์ œ์ž‘์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ์žฌํ˜„๋ฐฉ์‹: ํด๋ฆฌ๋ธ”๋žœ๋“œ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ด€ ์†Œ์žฅ ใ€ˆไธƒๅฏถๅฑฑๅœ–ๅฑ›ใ€‰์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœใ€์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Mt. Chilbo, a scenic spot in Myeongcheon in Hamgyeong Province, began to appeal to the literati of Joseon as an attractive tourist destination starting from the sixteenth century. From the mid-seventeenth century, travelers commissioned paintings of Mt. Chilbo to commemorate their visits and savor the beautiful landscape with a painting. In 1674, the Governor of Hamgyeong Province Nam Gu-man ordered the production of Ten Sceneries around the North Hamgyeng Region, which included real-scenery landscapes accompained by explanatory texts on the corresponding scenes and established the standard for paintings of Mt. Chilbo. The nineteenth century witnessed the emergence of paintings of Mt. Chilbo which utilized new types of composition and painting style. The great panorama of Mt. Chilbo began to be represented as one image spanning eight to ten folding screen panels. The Seven Jeweled Peaks: Mt. Chilbo currently housed at the Cleveland Museum of Art allows for an intensive look at the changes in modes of representation at the time. A number of similarities with Mt. Chilbo painted by Jo Jung-muk in 1890 suggest a possibility that the artwork at the Cleveland Museum of Art was produced by the same painter around the same time

    Comparative microleakage study between the sandwich and conventional technique the light curing composite restorations

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    ์น˜์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ž‘์งˆ๊ณผ ์ƒ์•„์งˆ ๋ณ€์—ฐ๋ถ€์˜ ์ƒ‰์†Œ์นจํˆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Sandwich์™€ ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•œ ๊ด‘์ค‘ํ•ฉํ˜• ๋ณตํ•ฉ๋ ˆ์ง„์˜ ๋ณ€์—ฐ๋ˆ„์ถœ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹คํ—˜๋˜์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๊ฑฐ๋œ ์†Œ๊ตฌ์น˜ ๋ฐ ๋Œ€๊ตฌ์น˜ 30๊ฐœ๋ฅผ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์น˜์•„์˜ ํ˜‘๋ฉด ๋ฐ ์„ค๋ฉด์— ์ œโ…ค๊ธ‰ ์™€๋™์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œโ… ๊ตฐ์˜ ํ˜์ธก์™€๋™์—๋Š” Fuji โ…ก์ด์žฅ ํ›„ Scotchbond๋ฅผ ๋„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  P-50์„ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์„ค์ธก์™€๋™์—๋Š” Fuji โ…ก์ด์žฅ ํ›„ Gluma๋ฅผ ๋„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  Pekalux๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ2๊ตฐ์˜ ํ˜‘์ธก์™€๋™์—๋Š” Base Cement์ด์žฅ ํ›„ Scotchbond๋ฅผ ๋„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  P-50์„ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ค์ธก์™€๋™์—๋Š” Base Cement์ด์žฅ ํ›„ Gluma๋ฅผ ๋„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  Pekalux๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ3๊ตฐ์˜ ํ˜์ธก์™€๋™์—๋Š” ์ด์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , Scotchbond๋ฅผ ๋„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  P-50์„ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์„ค์ธก์™€๋™์—๋Š” Gluma๋ฅผ ๋„ํฌํ•˜๊ณ  Pekalux๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธํ›„ 4โ„ƒ์™€ 60โ„ƒ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  0.5% methylene blue์šฉ์•ก์— ๋‹ด๊ฐ€ 37โ„ƒ ํ•ญ์˜จ๊ธฐ์—์„œ 57์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๊ด€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  diamond blade๋กœ ์น˜์•„๋ฅผ ํ˜‘์„ค์ธก์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„๋ฏธ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ•๋ž‘์งˆ๊ณผ ์ƒ์•„์งˆ ๋ณ€์—ฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์ƒ‰์†Œ์นจํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ๋ฒ•๋ž‘์งˆ ์ธก ๋ณ€์—ฐ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•œ ์ œ3๊ตฐ์ด Sandwich ์ˆ ์‹์œผ๋กœ glass ionomercement๋ฅผ ์ด์žฅํ•œ ์ œ1๊ตฐ, ์ œ2๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ‰์†Œ์นจํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 2. ์ƒ์•„์งˆ/๋ฐฑ์•…์งˆ ๋ณ€์—ฐ๋ถ€์—์„œ๋Š” Sandwich์ˆ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•œ ์ œ1๊ตฐ, ์ œ2๊ตฐ์ด ํ†ต์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ˆ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•œ ์ œ3๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ‰์†Œ์นจํˆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. 3. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฐ์€ ๋ฒ•๋ž‘์งˆ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ƒ์•„์งˆ/๋ฐฑ์•…์งˆ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋ถ€์œ„์—์„œ ๋” ํฐ ์ƒ‰์†Œ์นจํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. 4. Fuji โ…ก ๊ฐ€ Base Cement๋กœ ์ด์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ์ƒ‰์†Œ์นจํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. Scotchbond 2๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ Gluma๋กœ ์ถฉ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์€ ์ƒ‰์†Œ์นจํˆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] This study was undertaken to assess the degree of the microleakage of light curing composite restoration between the sandwich and conventional technique, by means of the dye penetration at the enamel and dentinal margins. Sixty cavities of class โ…ค were prepared on the buccal and lingual surface of thirty extracted premolar and molar teeth, which were devided into three groups. The buccal cavities of the first group were filled with Fuji โ…ก, Scotchbond 2 and P-50, and the lingual cavities were filled with Fuji โ…ก, Gluma and Pekalux. The buccal cavities of the second group were filed with Base Cement, Scotchbond 2 and P-50, and the lingual cavities were filled with Fuji โ…ก , Gluma and Pekalux. The buccal cavities of the third group were filled only Scotchbond 2 and P-50, and the lingual cavities were filled with Gluma and Pekalux. All specimens were immersed in 37โ„ƒ, 0.5% methylene blue solution for 24 hours after thermocrcling at 4โ„ƒ and 60โ„ƒ, and buccalingually sectioned with diamond disc. The sectioned specimens were examined under light microscope. The following results were obtained 1. At the enamel margins, the group fluted with conventional technique (without glass ionomer cement base) showed less microleakage than the group filled with sandwich technique (with glass ionomercement base) 2. At the dentinal margin the group fi11ed with sandwich technique showed less microleakage than the group filled with conventional technique. 3. All groups showed siglificantly more leakage at the dentinal margins than at the enamel margins. 4. No significant difference was skewed in the microleakage, irrespective of Fuji โ…ก and Base Cement. 5. The group filled with Scotchbond 2, p-50 showed less marginal leakage than the group filled with Glumma, Pekalux.restrictio

    ์ •์ƒ์ธ์˜ ๋…ธ์œ (๏คดๅนผ) ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ glucose-g-phosphate dehydrogenase์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ํšจ์†Œ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ(็ผบๅฆ‚)๋กœ ๋ง๋ฏธ์•”์•„ ์šฉํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๊ฒŒ ์ผ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋ฐ, nonspherocytic congenital hemolytic anemia ๋Š” glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), pyruvate kinase (PK), glutathione reductase (GSSG.R), diphospho-glyceromutase, triose-phosphate isomerase, ๋˜๋Š” adenosine triphosphatase (ATP-ase) ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•์ด ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์ผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€๋ฌธ์— ์œ ์ „์ƒ๋‹ด์ด๋ผ๋˜๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ, ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ƒํ™”ํ•™์  ์ง„๋‹จ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ธด์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ์ฐฉ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฐ์ข… ํšจ์†Œ๊ฒฐํ•์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ์‹ ์†ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ํ•ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ„ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์‹ ์ƒ์•„(ๆ–ฐ็”Ÿๅ…’), ํŠนํžˆ bilirubin conjugation์— ์ฐจ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ์–ด, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ธด hyperbilirubinemia๋กœ ๋ง๋ฏธ์•”์•„ kernicterus๋กœ ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ์ƒ์•„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฉํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ทผ๋…„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Ÿฌ์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ—˜๊ด€๋‚ด์— ์ €์žฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ํšจ์†Œ, ์˜ˆ์ปจ๋ฐ G6PD๋‚˜ acid phogphatase๋“ฑ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์˜๋™์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์˜ ์ด๋™์œจ(็งปๅ‹•๏ง›)์ด ์‹ ์„ (ๆ–ฐ้ฎฎ)ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ(่ฉฆๆ–™)์˜ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์‹ ์„  ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์™€ ์ €์žฅ(่ฒฏ่—) ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ hemoglobin์˜ ์ง„๊ธฐ์˜๋™ ์ด๋™์œจ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ ์‚ฌ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „๊ธฐํ•œ G6PD๊ฒฐํ•์— ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•  ๋•Œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ์„  ์ •์ƒ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ G6PD์˜ molecular heterogeneity๋‚˜ genetic variant์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋Š” 362๋ช…์˜ ์†Œ์•„ hyrerbilirubinemia์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ G6PD์˜ screening์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ 1์˜ˆ์˜ G6P7๊ฒฐํ•๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์น˜ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ €์ž๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์„ฑ์ธ์—์„œ์˜ ๋…ธ์œ (๏คดๅนผ)์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ด๋“ค์˜ G6PD์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ(ๅฎ‰ๅฎšๆ€ง) ๋ฐ kinetic property์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋น„๊ตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์•ž ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€ ๋™์‹œ์— ์‹ ์ƒ์•„ hyperbilirubinemia์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ค๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ DEAE-cellulose, ammonium sulfate ๋ฐ calcium phosphate gal๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 400๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ •์ œ(้ƒจๅˆ†็ฒพ่ฃฝ)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋กœ์จ agarose gel์ „๊ธฐ์˜๋™์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์šฉํ˜ˆ์‹œํ‚จ ๋‹ค์Œ, DEAE-cellulose์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์„ ๊ฑฐ์นœ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ(่ฉฆๆ–™)๋กœ๋Š” G6PD์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์–ต์ œ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ธ์ฒ™ํ•˜๊ณ  ํˆฌ์„, ๋ƒ‰๋™์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ G6PD๊ฐ€ ์žฌํ™œ์„ฑํ™”(ๅ†ๆดปๆ€งๅŒ–)๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. 1. ์ •์ƒ์„ฑ์ธ์˜ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ G6PD๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ์˜๋™์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ formazan band๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋ฉฐ, ๋…ธ์‡ (๏คด่กฐ)์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ G6PD๋Š” ์œ ์•ฝ(ๅนผ่‹ฅ) ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ ์ด๋™์œจ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค. 2. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)๋Š” ๋…ธ์œ  ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ G67PD์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์•ˆ์ •์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, G6P ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆํ•˜๋‹ค. 3. ๋…ธ์‡„ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ G6PD๊ฐ€ ์œ ์•ฝ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ G6PD์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ, NADP์— ์˜ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋‹ค. 4. Estradiol, androsterone, cortisone, ๋ฐ progesterone๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ steroid hormone์€ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ G6PDํ™œ์„ฑ์˜ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. 5. ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ G6PD๋Š” crude preparation์ผ์ง€๋ผ๋„ NADP์˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๋™์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ฐ€์—ญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ€์˜จ(ๅŠ ๆบซ)๊ณผ NADP์ฒจ๊ฐ€๋กœ์จ ์žฌํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์œ ์•ฝ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ G6PD๊ฐ€ ๋…ธ์‡„ ์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ G6PD์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ์žฌํ™œ์„ฑํ™”์œจ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]restrictio

    ์—ฌ์œ ์ž์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ‹ธํŒ… ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ์ตœ์  ํ˜ธ๋ฒ„๋ง ์ œ์–ด

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2020. 2. ๊น€์ข…์›.Hovering control of an underwater robot is a challenging problem due to the high disturbances of ocean flow. To overcome the high disturbance, a new underwater robot with tilting thrusters was proposed previously, which can compensate for disturbance by focusing the thrusting force in the direction of the disturbance. However, the tilting motion of the thrusters makes the system nonlinear, and the limited tilting speed sometimes makes the robot unstable. Previous robot could not implement 6-DOF motion at the same time due to various problems such as mechanism structural problems and controller problems applied to it. Because of this, previous robot not only have unstable hovering motion, but also have the potential to diverge when there is a large disturbance like ocean currents. Therefore, an optimal mechanism is required to compensate for the disturbance by concentrating the thrust force in that direction and an optimized controller is necessary. The problem analysis of the previous robot was carried out first. The previous control algorithm, which uses non-continuous tilting angles and controls only 3-DOF, makes robots unstable. In addition, the constraints that each of the front and rear producers operates simultaneously limit the force and moment that the robot can create. Based on this analysis, a tilting mechanism with redundancy was newly designed to improve the hovering performance of the robot. In addition, experiments were conducted to know the actual dynamic motion of this tilting mechanism. The actual model of the tilting thruster was obtained. A new controller suitable for this robot is proposed by reflecting the model of the actual tilting thruster and finding the optimal solution using the redundancy. Based on the dynamic model, the nonlinear force input term of the tilting thrusters is decomposed in the horizontal and vertical directions. Based on the decomposition, the solution is determined by a pseudo-inverse and null-space projected gradient method. The final solution can be found by minimizing thrust force and avoiding sharp control input in tilting angles. The positioning and hovering was simulated to validate the proposed controller and simulations show feasibility of the control system. The ability of optimal hovering control is verified with the experiment in water tank. By comparing to a selective switching-PD controller, results of improved hovering performance are also presented. The experimental results also show that the hovering performance has improved compared to the selective switching-PD controller.ํ•ด๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํฐ ์™ธ๋ž€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ฒ„๋ง ์ œ์–ด๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ด๋‹ค. ํฐ ์™ธ๋ž€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‹ธํŒ… ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ์ฐฉ๋œ ์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ์™ธ๋ž€๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œ์ผœ ์™ธ๋ž€์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ์˜ ํ‹ธํŒ… ๋™์ž‘์€ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋น„์„ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ‹ธํŒ… ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ์˜ ์†๋„ ํฌํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์™€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋‹จ์  ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‹œ์— 6์ž์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด์ „์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ํ˜ธ๋ฒ„๋ง ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ํ• ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ด๋ฅ˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํฐ ์™ธ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฐœ์‚ฐํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์™ธ๋ž€๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ์ง‘์ค‘์‹œ์ผœ ์™ธ๋ž€์„ ๋ณด์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜๊ณผ ์ด์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์ „์˜ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ถ„์„์ด ๋จผ์ € ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ํ‹ธํŒ…๊ฐ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ ํƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ 3์ž์œ ๋„์”ฉ๋งŒ ์ œ์–ด๋˜๋Š” ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ž๋’ค์˜ ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์†์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํž˜๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ‹ธํŒ… ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ์˜ ์†๋„ ํฌํ™” ๋˜ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡์˜ ํ˜ธ๋ฒ„๋ง ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ์œ ์ž์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ‹ธํŒ… ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ‹ธํŒ… ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋™์  ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‹ธํŒ… ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ๋™์ž‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ํ‹ธํŒ… ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ์œ ์ž์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด ๋กœ๋ด‡์— ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ปจํŠธ๋กค๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์  ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ‹ธํŒ… ์ถ”์ง„๊ธฐ์˜ ๋น„์„ ํ˜• ์ž…๋ ฅ ํž˜์€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋ฐ ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋œ ๋ฒกํ„ฐ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ, ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์€ ์˜์‚ฌ ์—ญํ–‰๋ ฌ ๋ฐ ๋„ ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐ์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ถ”์ง„๋ ฅ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ํ‹ธํŒ…๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ ํ‹ธํŒ… ์†๋„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ์†”๋ฃจ์…˜์„ ๋„์ถœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์œ„์น˜์™€ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜ธ๋ฒ„๋ง ๋ชจ์…˜์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 6์ž์œ ๋„ ํ˜ธ๋ฒ„๋ง ์›€์ง์ž„์˜ ์‹คํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์กฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ์  ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์™ธ๋ž€ํ•˜์—์„œ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•จ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์  ์Šค์œ„์นญ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ํ˜ธ๋ฒ„๋ง ์›€์ง์ž„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธ๋ฒ„๋ง ์ œ์–ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Underwater vehicles 3 1.2.1 Classification of underwater vehicles 3 1.2.2 Underwater robot with tilting thrusters 4 1.3 Research objectives 8 Chapter 2. Analysis of the system characteristics of underwater robot 9 2.1 Previous underwater robot, TTURT 9 2.1.1 Problem of TTURT 11 2.1.1.1 Selective switching PD control 11 2.1.1.2 Structure problem of the mechanism 13 2.1.1.3 Saturation of actuators 13 2.2 Analysis of system structure 14 2.2.1 Force and moment analysis from tilting thrusters 14 2.2.1.1 Force and moment area 14 Chapter 3. Design of an underwater robot 19 3.1 Overview of an underwater robot, AURORA 19 3.1.1 Mechanical design 20 3.1.2 Electronics and communication 22 3.2 Dynamic modeling 20 3.2.1 Equations of motion 20 3.2.2 Redundant tilting mechanism 28 3.2.2.1 Thrust vector map 29 3.2.2.2 Modeling of Tilting thruster 30 Chapter 4. Controller design 34 4.1 PID controller 34 4.2 Optimal controller design 37 4.2.1 Decomposition of thrust vector 37 4.2.2 Optimal solution using the redundancy 39 4.2.2.1 Thrust minimization method 39 4.2.2.2 Tilting angle minimization method 39 4.2.2.3 Stability analysis 41 4.3 Gain optimization 42 Chapter 5. Simulation 45 5.1 Simulation setup 45 5.2 Simulation results 45 5.2.1. Hovering control with redundant mechanism 45 5.2.2. Hovering control applying optimization model 47 Chapter 6. Experiments and results 49 6.1 Experimental setup 49 6.1.1 Short base line (SBL) system 49 6.1.2 Disturbance generation 51 6.2 Experimental results 52 6.2.1 Hovering motion control 52 6.2.1.1 Position control 52 6.2.1.2 Orientation control 53 6.2.1.3 Comparison with previous mechanism 56 6.2.2 Hovering motion control with disturbance 58 Chapter 7 . Conclusion 62 Bibliography 63 Abstract in Korean 65Docto
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