18 research outputs found

    ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ ์ฒ™์ถ”์˜ ์ฒ™์ถ” ์œ ํ•ฉ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋žต๋“ค

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๋‡Œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2015. 8. ์ •์ฒœ๊ธฐ.Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease with worldwide occurrence. Recently, surgical indications for elderly patients with osteoporosis have been increasing. De novo bone formation and remodeling takes place on the fusion bed in spine. Osteoporosis induces negative bone remodeling that can delay bone fusion. It is thus essential for spine surgeons who treat patients with osteoporosis to understand the differences between the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic spinal fusion. However, only few strategies are available for osteoporotic patients who need spinal fusion. We described 3 fold strategies to increase vertebral fusion of osteoporotic spine including antiosteoporotic therapies, bone substitutes on the fusion bed and, augmented implants based on our published or unpublished research results and review articles. Of the common antiosteoporotic drugs, bisphosphonates (BPs) did not decrease the fusion rate. However, BPs inhibit the maturation of fusion mass. Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) can accelerate bone remodeling in an osteoporotic rat spine fusion modeland furthermore, bone fusion and formation can be enhanced by SERM treatment. Parathyroid hormone, an anabolic agent, may offer an advantage over agents such as BPs and SERM. The osteoinductive recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) 2 enhances spinal fusion in ovariectomized rats during early bone formation. The rhBMP-2 might potentially improve the outcome of spinal fusion in the osteoporotic patient. Instrumentation and techniques with increased pullout strength may increase fusion rate through rigid fixation. Perioperative strategies in osteoporotic patients may affect the radiological and clinical outcomes. Therefore, surgeons should consider appropriate osteoporosis medication, instrumentation and technique before osteoporotic spine surgery.Abstract i Contents iii List of table iv List of figures v 1 Introduction 1 2 Materials and Methods 2 3 Results 5 4 Discussion 11 5 Conclusion 13 References 14 Abstract (Korean) 21 Appendices 23Docto

    ๊ธฐํšํŠน์ง‘ : ํ˜„๋Œ€์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ข…๊ต 1 <ํ•œ๊ตญ์ข…๊ต์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‚ฌ์  ์กฐ๋ช…> ; ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๋ฌด๋ฌธ์ž๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ํ™”๋‘์„ 

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    ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์˜ ์ œ๋ชฉ์˜ฌ ๋จผ์ € ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”, ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ฌ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด๋ฉด, ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์ƒํ™œ์šฉ ์ฒ ์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ž์— ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ฐˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋งŒ๋Šฅ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถˆ๊ต๋‚˜ ์œ ๊ต, ํšŒ๊ต ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„œ์–‘์ฒ ํ•™ ๋‘ฅ ์–ด๋Š ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์ „ํ†ต์„ ๋ณด์•„๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ทธ ์ „ํ†ต ์†์— ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ž์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ช‡ ์ฒœ๋…„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ผ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์ƒํ™œ์„ ์•ˆ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์Œ์˜ฌ ๋˜์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋•Œ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์˜ฌ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋ž์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋‹ค์šด ์ƒํ™œ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๊ณ  ์šฐ์„  ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ ค ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋‹ค์šด ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ฌ ๋˜์ ธ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ด์œผ๋กœ์จ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋•์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋กœ ๋ง๋ฏธ์•”์•„ ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–‘์ž์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ ์†์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ฐˆ๋‘ฅ์˜ ๋ฉด์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•œ ์ „ํ†ต๋„ ๋งŽ๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋„ ๋งŽ๋‹ค. ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๋ฌด๋ฌธ์ž๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ต์˜ ํ™”๋‘์„ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์—ญํ• ์˜ฌ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ œ๋ชฉ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค

    ์ž์—ฐ์–ธ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—”ํŠธ๋กœํ”ผ ๋ถ€์ŠคํŒ… ๋ชจ๋ธ

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    Thesis (doctoral)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐยท์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,2002.Docto

    ์ž๋ฐ” Just-In-Time ์ปดํŒŒ์ผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์ฝ”๋“œ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€,1999.Maste

    Analysis of Critical Factors affecting Market Value of Baseball Players (Pitchers) in Korea

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    Since the concept of Sabermetrics is introduced into the business of baseball industry, several outcomes (i.e., win/loss prediction model and prediction of going playoff) are developed and utilized in the past decade or nowadays. The role of pitcher has been more important than ever and thus the mechanism of performance analysis brought attentions to sport managers. Therefore, the main purposes of this study are (1) to segregate starting pitchers and relievers into some groups abided by K-maens clustering and (2) extract the meaningful factors which would eventually contribute to valuation of their market value, respectively. The performance records and salary information of a total of 2,792 former and ucrrent professional baseball players from 1997 to 2015 were obtained. As results, strikeouts (predictive impotrance = 0.41), age (predictive importance = 0.27), the number of taking the mound by starting pitcher (preidctive importance = 0.26) and FIP (Fielding Independent Pitching and predictive importance = 0.05) were adopted as important factors in K-mean clu-s tering supported by simple regression analysis with artificial neural network of multi-layer perception. Besides, the results by K-means clustering included that can be divided into seven groups and can especially find two groups: Cluster 2 (top-tier starting pitchers) and Cluster 7 (good relievers)

    Clinical characteristics of Duane's retraction syndrome and analysis of surgical results

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋“€์•ˆ์•ˆ๊ตฌํ›„ํ‡ด์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์„ ์ฒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์•ˆ๊ตฌ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์ธ ์™ธ์ „ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์ „์žฅ์• , ๋‚ด์ „์‹œ ์•ˆ๊ตฌํ›„ํ‡ด์™€ ๋ˆˆ๊บผํ’€ ํ‹ˆ์ƒˆ์˜ ์ถ•์†Œ, ์•ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ, ํ•˜์ „์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์งˆํ™˜์ด๋‹ค.์ด ์งˆํ™˜์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ์ด์ƒ๋‘์œ„์™€ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ, ์•ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์  ์ƒ, ํ•˜์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ์ด์— ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ฒ•์˜ ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์ €์ž๋Š” 1991๋…„ 7์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2007๋…„ 3์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๋“€์•ˆ์•ˆ๊ตฌํ›„ํ‡ด์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋ฐ›์€ 38๋ช…(38์•ˆ)์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ‰๊ทผ ํ›„์ „์ˆ  ๋‹จ๋…์‹œํ–‰, ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ง๊ทผ ํ›„์ „ ๋ฐ Yํ˜• ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ˆ , ๋‚ด์ง๊ทผ ํ›„์ „์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•œ ์™ธ์ง๊ทผ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ ํ›„์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ, ์ด์ƒ๋‘์œ„, ์•ˆ๊ตฌ์šด๋™์žฅ์• , ๋‚ด์ „์‹œ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ์ƒ์ „ ๋ฐ ํ•˜์ „, ์•ˆ๊ตฌํ›„ํ‡ด ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ๋“ค์„ ํ›„ํ–ฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ(73.7%)์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ(26.3%)์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ์™ผ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ฐœ๋ณ‘ํ•  ํ™•๋ฅ (63.2%)์ด ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž„์ƒ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜์ƒ ์ œ 1ํ˜•์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒ(83.3%)ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ˆ๊ตฌํŽธ์œ„๋Š” ๋‚ดํŽธ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‚ด์‚ฌ์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณ‘์†Œ์•ˆ ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ, ์™ธ์‚ฌ์‹œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณ‘์†Œ์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์–ผ๊ตด๋Œ๋ฆผ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ , ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์  ์ƒ, ํ•˜์ „(92.1%)์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ 15.0ยฑ5.9ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋””์˜ตํ„ฐ์˜€๋˜ ์•ˆ๊ตฌ์˜ ํŽธ์œ„๊ฐ์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ํ›„ 1.5ยฑ2.3 ํ”„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋””์˜ตํ„ฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ด์ƒ๋‘์œ„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์ „ 17.5ยฑ6.6ยฐ ์—์„œ 1.2ยฑ2.3ยฐ๋กœ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“€์•ˆ์•ˆ๊ตฌํ›„ํ‡ด์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ง๊ทผ์˜ ํ›„์ „์ˆ ๋กœ ์•ˆ๊ตฌํŽธ์œ„, ์ด์ƒ๋‘์œ„์˜ ํ˜ธ์ „์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚ด์ „์‹œ ์ƒ, ํ•˜์ „์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์•ˆ๊ตฌํŽธ์œ„ ์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ง๊ทผ ํ›„์ „์ˆ ๊ณผ Yํ˜• ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋‚˜, ๋น„์ •์ƒ์  ์ƒ, ํ•˜์ „์ด ํฌ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ˆ๊ตฌํŽธ์œ„๊ฐ€ ํฐ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์™ธ์ง๊ทผ ํ›„์ „์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๋‚ด์ง๊ทผ ์ ˆ์ œ์ˆ  ์—ญ์‹œ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Duaneโ€™s retraction syndrome (DRS) is a congenital ocular motility disorder characterized by marked limitation or absence of abduction, restriction of adduction, retraction of the globe, narrowing of the palpebral fissure on adduction, and frequent association with elevation or depression on adduction.Because analysis of preoperative abnormal head posture and abnormal vertical movement, and selection of proper surgical method are critical in achieving good results, it is very important to evaluate the results of various surgical treatments.So we reviewed 38 patients with the diagnosis of Duaneโ€™s retraction syndrome. The patients were treated with horizontal muscle recession, lateral muscle Y-splitting and recession, medial muscle recession and lateral muscle resection.There were 10 (26.3%) affected males and 28 (73.7%) females. The left eye was involved in 24 patients and the right in 12 of the unilateral cases.Type 1 was the most common type (83.3%) and esodeviation was the most frequent in primary position.The esotropic patients with DRS turned their face toward the affected eye while the exotropic patients with DRS turned theirs away from the affected eye.Anomalous vertical movements, including upshoot and downshoot which are a prominent feature of DRS, were found in most cases (92.1%)The deviation in primary position was reduced by an average of 13.5 prism diopters. The face turn was reduced from an average of 17.5 degrees to an average of 1.2 degrees.ope

    Optimal cut-off point of high sensitivity C-reactive protein as an optional diagnostic factor for metabolic syndrome

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    ์—ญํ•™ํ†ต๊ณ„์ „๊ณต/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” hsCRP๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒ์  ์ง„๋‹จ ์š”์†Œ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์—์„œ์˜ ์ตœ์  ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ 2007๋…„ 6์›”๋ง๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2007๋…„ 11์›” ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๊ฒ€์ง„ ์„ผํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ ์†Œ์žฌ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๊ฒ€์ง„์„ ๋ฐ›์€ 1074๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.1. ์ด 1076๋ช…์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์ค‘ ๋‚จ์ž 602๋ช…, ์—ฌ์ž 474๋ช…์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ท ์—ฐ๋ น์€ ๋‚จ์ž 46.8 ยฑ11.1์„ธ ์—ฌ์ž 47.7 ยฑ11.8 ์„ธ, ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์€ NCEP ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋‚จ์ž 22.7% ์—ฌ์ž 23% (p=0.0893), IDF๋Š” 22.9%, 17.7% (p=0.0436) ์˜€๋‹ค. hsCRP๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž 1.33 ยฑ 1.58 mg/L, ์—ฌ์ž 0.96 ยฑ1.22 mg/L(p<0.0001)๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.2. Revised NCEP ์ •์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ํก์—ฐ, ์šด๋™ ์ œ์™ธ ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ์ •์ƒ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  HDL์€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค(p<0.0001). hsCRP๋Š” ๋‚จ์ž์—์„œ 1.54ยฑ1.56 vs. 1.25ยฑ1.58 (p=0.0390)์˜€๊ณ , ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” 1.47ยฑ1.48 vs. 0.80ยฑ1.09 (p<.0001)๋กœ ์—ฌ์ž์—์„œ ๋” ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.3. hsCRP๋ฅผ 3๋ถ„์œ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ๋•Œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด NCEP 19.9, 27.6, 36.6% (p=0.0008, p trend=0.0002), IDF 15.7, 19.8, 34.0% (p<0.0001, p trend <0.0001)๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” IDF์—์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ NCEP 10.8, 20.4, 39.1% (p<0.0001, p trend <0.0001), IDF 5.1, 17.6, 32.1%(p=<0.0001, p trend=<0.0001)๋กœ ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์„ธ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ™•์—ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.4. hsCRP๋ฅผ CDCP๊ธฐ์ค€(1, 3mg/L)์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ๋•Œ, ๋‚จ์ž์—์„œ NCEP ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด 22.1, 38.2, 32.0%(p=0.0005), IDF ์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ 16.3, 33.9, 30.7%(p<0.0001)๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€๊ตฐ์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ž์—์„œ๋Š” NCEP๋Š” 15.1, 38.9, 40.0% (p<0.0001)๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€๊ตฐ์ด ์ค‘๊ฐ„๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜, IDF๋Š” 10.7, 32.8, 28.0 (<0.0001)๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.5. ํ”ผ์–ด์Šจ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ฒ€์ •์—์„œ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” hsCRP์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ HDL(r=-0.21933), ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋‘˜๋ ˆ(r=0.20260), BMI(r=0.18223)๋“ฑ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ˜ˆ์••์€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚˜์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋‘˜๋ ˆ(r=0.23946)์™€ BMI(r=0.22662)์™€์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปธ๋‹ค.6. hsCRP๋ฅผ 3๋ถ„์œ„์ˆ˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆํ›„ ๋‚จ์ž์—์„œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ณด์ •๋œ ๊ต์ฐจ๋น„๋Š”NCEP ๊ธฐ์ค€ 1.52(0.96-2.42), 2.06(1.31-3.23), IDF๋Š” 1.30(0.78-2.18), 2.46 (1.52-3.98)๋กœ ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ tertile์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ๋น„๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ hsCRP์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ต์ฐจ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  hsCRP๋ฅผ CDCP ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด ์ค‘๊ฐ„์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ, ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ๋น„๊ฐ€ NCEP๋Š” 1.965, 1.485๋ฐฐ, IDF๋Š” 2.391, 2.061๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์œ„ํ—˜๊ตฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ž‘์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ต์ฐจ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ tertile๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ NCEP์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚จ์ž์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ tertile์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.7. ROC curve์—์„œ sensitivity์™€ specificity์˜ ํ•ฉ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ง€์ ์˜ hsCRP๊ฐ’์„ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ํ• ๋•Œ ๋‚จ์ž๋Š” NCEP๋Š” 1.0mg/L(Se=0.52 Sp=0.65 AUC=0.650), IDF๋Š” 1.0mg/L(0.57, 0.65, 0.663)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” NCEP 0.9mg/L(0.62, 0.71, 0.787), IDF 1.0mg/L(0.67, 0.70, 0.786)๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ธก์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ƒ ๋‚จ,๋…€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์ •์˜์— ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” hsCRP์˜ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ฐ’์€ 1.0mg/L์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ฐ’์€ hsCRP๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์˜ ๋ณด์กฐ์  ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœํ•œ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ hsCRP ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ 3๋…„ํ›„ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ํ›„ํ–ฅ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”๋ก ๋œ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ฐ’๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ์ „ํ–ฅ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ฐ’ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ฌํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” hsCRP์˜ ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ฐ’๊ณผ, ๋Œ€์‚ฌ์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ฐ’์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]Background: The prediction for the future cardiovascular disease event has drawn the most attention of medical professionals ever since the Framingham Risk Score. Metabolic syndrome and high sensitivity C-reactive protein are in the center of this attention recently, due to the demand for tools to increase the predictive power of Framingham risk score. These two were thought to be closely related to each other through vascular inflammation of cardiovascular disease and insulin resistance of metabolic syndrome, which has inflammation as one of its pathophysiologic mechanisms. Many researchers has shown the independent relationship of C-reactive protein with metabolic syndrome and even the cut-off value for predicting cardiovascular diseases. C-reactive protein is now considered as an optional component in diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. However, the cut-off value of C-reactive protein for metabolic syndrome might be different from the cut-off value for cardiovascular event prediction. Furthermore, average level of C-reactive protein seems to be lower in Asian population. Therefore, there exists the need for new cut-off value of C-reactive protein for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study is to find the optimal cut-off value of the C-reactive protein as an optional diagnostic component of metabolic syndrome.Methods: The subjects of this study were 1074 men and women who had taken the comprehensive health examination and laboratory tests including waist circumference and high sensitivity C-reactive protein at a health promotion center of a general hospital at Kyunggi province from June 2007 to November 2007. Life style factors were taken from the survey they answered at the time of health examination.Results: Regardless of which definition of metabolic syndrome, whether revised NCEP or IDF, C-reactive protein level of 1.0mg/L was the optimal cut-off value for diagnosing metabolic syndrome in this study. Especially in the women, this cut-off value showed higher odd ratio of possessing metabolic syndrome with more statistical power. The previously suggested cut-off point of C-reactive protein for cardiovascular risk prediction did not show statistically significant effect in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.Conclusion: This study implies that it might not always be right to take it for granted to adapt western reference ranges or cut-off values into Korean population, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, in this case. The cut-off point of 1mg/L may give clinicians the chance to reconsider metabolic syndrome and make it more feasible and easy to define. More large scaled prospective studies are definitely called for to figure out the exact predictive power of C-reactive protein and cut-off value for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. However, for the time being, this cut-off value of 1mg/L may serve as a temporary criteria for clinicians to sort out those with the higher possibility of the metabolic syndrome.ope

    A Study on the analysis of firm-specific learning curves : application to the TFT-LCD industry

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์ „๊ณต,2002.Docto
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