Simultaneous Expression of Long Non-Coding RNA FAL1 and Extracellular Matrix Protein 1 Defines Tumour Behaviour in Young Patients with Papillary Thyroid Cancer

We investigated the regulatory mechanism of FAL1 and unravelled the molecular biological features of FAL1 upregulation in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). Correlation analyses of FAL1 and neighbouring genes adjacent to chromosome 1q21.3 were performed. Focal amplification was performed using data from copy number alterations in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. To identify putative transcriptional factors, PROMO and the Encyclopaedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) were used. To validate c-JUN and JUND as master transcription factors for FAL1 and ECM1, gene set enrichment analysis was performed according to FAL1 and ECM1 expression. Statistical analyses of the molecular biological features of FAL1- and ECM1-upregulated PTCs were conducted. FAL1 expression significantly correlated with that of neighbouring genes. Focal amplification of chromosome 1q21.3 was observed in ovarian cancer but not in thyroid carcinoma. However, PROMO suggested 53 transcription factors as putative common transcriptional factors for FAL1 and ECM1 simultaneously. Among them, we selected c-JUN and JUND as the best candidates based on ENCODE results. The expression of target genes of JUND simultaneously increased in FAL1- and ECM1-upregulated PTCs, especially in young patients. The molecular biological features represented RAS-driven PTC and simultaneously enriched immune-related gene sets. FAL1 and ECM1 expression frequently increased simultaneously and could be operated by JUND. The simultaneous upregulation might be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for RAS-driven PTC.ope

Cell non-autonomous effect of hepatic growth differentiation factor 15 on the thyroid gland

The thyroid gland plays an essential role in the regulation of body energy expenditure to maintain metabolic homeostasis. However, to date, there are no studies investigating the morphological and functional changes of the thyroid gland due to mitochondrial stress in metabolic organs such as the liver. We used data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression portal to investigate RNA expression patterns of the thyroid gland according to the expression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) such as the muscles and liver. To verify the effect of hepatic GDF15 on the thyroid gland, we compared the morphological findings of the thyroid gland from liver-specific GDF15 transgenic mice to that of wild type mice. High GDF15 expression in the muscles and liver was associated with the upregulation of genes related to hypoxia, inflammation (TGF-α via NFκB), apoptosis, and p53 pathway in thyroid glands. In addition, high hepatic GDF15 was related to epithelial mesenchymal transition and mTORC1 signaling. Electron microscopy for liver-specific GDF15 transgenic mice revealed short mitochondrial cristae length and small mitochondrial area, indicating reduced mitochondrial function. However, serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level was not significantly different. In our human cohort, those with a high serum GDF15 level showed high fasting glucose, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase but no difference in TSH, similar to the data from our mice model. Additionally, high serum GDF15 increased the risk of lymph node metastasis to lateral neck. The hepatic GDF15 affected thyroid morphogenesis via a TSH-independent mechanism, affecting aggressive features of thyroid cancers.ope

Lymph node metastasis-dependent molecular classification in papillary thyroid carcinoma defines aggressive metastatic outgrowth

[No abstract available]ope

(A) Study for the 'Korean-like Character Expression' in the Illustration of Traditional fairy Tales

Though there will be various stimula and influences which our contemporaries may receive from the outsides, particulary the loss of our culture and subjectivity may be seen one of the greatest problems which are getting more serious in the over-Shelming storm of Western culture. This kind of impact, also in case of children who are growing in a highly industrialized society, plays merely nothing more than such a factor that makes them grow as only selfish and uniquied men. That makes our children grow in a lack of humanity, with no pride and no reliance upon our culture. Just as a saying, 'Korean-like the mot, the most worldwide', the importance of our own culture should be re-recognized, and, especially, in case of Children, such and effort ought to be started from the pictorial fairy tale books which have important influence on children in their developmental periods. Among tern, especially, the traditional fairy tales may be seen a national culture that contains national life and history. And it plays such a role that have our children easily access to the wisdoms and teachings of our own and have intimacy to ours, among a sea of Western and translated fairy tales which take the most part of the juvenile book market. This study was first started from a wish to have our traditional fairy tales accountered to the child in more easily and intimately. And emphasis was paid, in the expressional method of illustration, to the more `Korean-like character expression'. A desirable expressional method was studied through the gustos of humor, satire and metaphor that flow in such national heritages as folk paintings, face masks, totem poles with joy and laugh and so on. This expression is considered as to he able to give some warm feelings to the emotion of the parched and standardized contemporaries. And, as for the expressional and through color senses that appeared in the color thoughts of the Korean.;현대인들에게 있어 외부로 부터 받을 수 있는 자극과 영향은 여러가지가 있겠으나 그 중에서도 특히 밀려드는 서구문물의 홍수 속에서 점차 잃어가고 있는 주체성과 우리문화에 대한 상실은 커다란 문제점의 하나라고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 영향은 고도화된 산업사회에서 자라나고 있는 어린이들에게 있어서도 단지 이기적이며 획일화된 인간으로 성장하게 할 뿐 따뜻한 인간미는 결여되고 우리문화에 대한 자부심과 긍지조차도 모른채 성장하게 하고 있다. '가장 한국적인 것이 가장 세계적이다'라는 말 처럼 우리문화에 대한 중요성은 재인식 되어야 하며 특히 어린이들에게는 성장기에 있어 중요한 영향을 미치는 그림동화책에서 부터 그러한 노력이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 그중에서도 특히 전래동화는 민족의 삶과 역사를 담고 있는 민족문화라고도 볼 수 있으며 아동도서시장의 대부분을 차지하고 있는 서양동화와 번역동화의 홍수속에서 우리 것에 대한 친밀감과 더불어 옛이야기속에 담겨져 있는 지혜와 교훈을 쉽게 접할 수 있게 하는 역할을 한다. 본 연구는 전래동화가 어린이들에게 보다 쉽게 읽혀지고 친근하게 다가설 수 있도록 하기 위해 일러스트레이션의 표현방법에 있어 보다 '한국적인 인물표현'을 하기 위한 노력의 일부이다. 우리민족의 문화유산인 민화, 탈, 장승 등에 흐르고 있는 해학과 풍자, 상징의 멋을 통해서 표현방법을 연구하였으며 이러한 표현은 웃음과 즐거움을 줌으로서 메마르고 획일화된 현대인의 정서에 따뜻한 정감을 줄 수 있다고 본다. 한국인의 색채사상에 나타난 색채감각과 재료의 다양성등을 표현요소로서 일러스트레이션을 제작하였으며 이러한 '한국적인 인물표현'을 담은 전래동화를 통해 어린이들이 우리 민족문화를 친근감을 가지고 쉽게 이해하는데 도움이 되었으면 한다.논문개요 = ⅵ Ⅰ. 서론 = 1 1. 연구목적 = 1 2. 연구의 내용 및 방법 = 2 Ⅱ. 전래동화 일러스트레이션의 이해 = 4 1. 전래동화 일러스트레이션의 특성과 역할 = 4 2. 우리나라 동화와 서양동화의 현황 및 문제점 = 6 Ⅲ. 한국적인 인물표현을 위한 이론적 배경 = 13 1. 한국적인 형태와 표현 = 13 1) 민화 = 13 2) 탈 = 16 3) 장승 = 21 2. 한국인의 색채의식 = 24 3. 한국인의 체질적 특성 = 26 Ⅳ. 작품제작 및 분석 = 29 1. 제작의도 = 29 2. 작품분석 = 33 Ⅴ. 결론 = 50 참고문헌 = 52 ABSTRACT = 5

A Grammar and Intensive Reading textbook for Korean High-school Students

☞ 이 논문은 저자가 원문공개에 동의하지 않은 논문으로, 도서관 내에서만 열람이 가능하며, 인쇄 및 저장은 불가합니다.Reading ability is fundamental in modern society not only in real life but also in taking the Korean college entrance exam. To develop reading ability, it is necessary for students to be exposed to a wide variety of genre of authentic reading materials. According to McNamara (2008), students need to understand different genre of text. They also need to understand the relationships between the sentences and the meaning of the text. On the other hand, Korean students have learned to translate sentences from their readings and learn grammar items separately in English classes. Most of the high schools focus on teaching reading text only to get better scores in the Korean college entrance exam. Therefore, students have difficulty applying their grammar knowledge in their readings. According to Son & Kim (2000), 56 percent of ninety-five 3rd high school students in Gangnam have trouble in comprehending the grammar in their readings. Therefore, they can’t produce the same grammar in their reading. In order to read more effectively, it can be helpful to learn reading skills and strategies through interesting reading materials. There are five important parts of reading which include schema, language skills and automaticity, vocabulary, reading strategy training, and reading-writing relations (Grabe, 1991). This textbook will help students improve reading skills, learn vocabulary, and grammar in context. The target students are high-school students taking after-school programs. According to ACTFL, their proficiency levels range from mid to high intermediate. Students are able to understand short, non-complex texts fully and some connected texts featuring descriptions and narrations. They can also deal with personal and social topics that elicit personal interest or knowledge. However, students don’t fully understand reading materials, which include difficult grammar items or vocabulary.A. Plan 1 B. Outline 6 C. Textbook 9 D.Teachers Manual 60 References 82석078

Synthesis and characterization of new zintl compounds and Re_6 cluster-containing complexes

The work presented in Part I is a compilation of synthesis and characterizations of new Zintl compounds. We have been interested in air-stable Zintl phases with complex anionic frameworks composed of heavier elements designed to be narrow band-gap semiconductors and then could be applied to thermoelectric materials. To achieve this, alkaline earths and divalent rare-earth elements were chosen in conjunction with transition metals, group 13 elements, and electronegative group 15 elements. This approach led to several air-stable anisotropic main group Zintl phases, Eu_(5)In_(2)Sb_(6), Ba_(3)Ga_(4)Sb_(5), and Eu_(7)Ga_(6)Sb_(8). These compounds are prepared by direct melting method of the reactants. Also several anisotropic transition metal Zintl phases, Yb_(9)Zn_(4)Sb_(9), Eu_(10)Mn_(6)Sb_(13), Sr_(2)MnSb_(2), and Sr_(11)Cd_(6)Sb_(l2), were synthesized by high-temperature Sn flux methods. Measurements of the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal behavior, and magnetic properties were performed. Band structure calculations were carried out to investigate the electronic structures and the chemical bonding characteristics. These studies have shown that complex Zintl phases exhibit a rich diversity of crystal structures and also shown that the remarkable success of the Zintl concept in rationalizing crystal structure, stoichiometry, and chemical bonding. The measurements of physical properties confirmed that almost Zintl compounds prepared in this research have narrow band-gaps and also have a potential as thermoelectric materials. The work presented in Part Ⅱ describes efforts to synthesize porous materials with functionality and nano-size materials using the face-capped octahedral [Re_(6)Q_(8)(CN)_(6)]^(4-) (Q=Se, Te) clusters. We synthesized two-dimensional framework Mn(salen)]_(4n)[Re_(6)Te_(8)(CN)_(6)]_(n) and three-dimensional framework Na[Mn(salen)]_(3)[Re_(6)Se_(8)(CN)_(6)] (salen=N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato)). We found that changing Q in a [Re_(6)Q_(8)(CN)_(6)]^(4-) cluster can control the dimensionality of infinite frameworks. We also synthesized discrete molecules Na[Mn(TPP)(CH_(3)OH)]_(3)[Re_(6)Te_(8)(CN)_(6)] and [Mn(OEP)]_(4)[Re_(6)Te_(8)(CN)_(6)] containing manganese porphyrin complexes instead of extended frameworks. Especially, Na[Mn(TPP)(CH_(3)OH)]_(3)[Re_(6)Te_(8)(CN)_(6)] showed a high catalytic activity in the epoxidation of olefis by iodosylbenzene. We also synthesized another discrete nanomolecular compounds (∼2.5nm), [(CN)_(2)Re_(6)Se_(8){(CN)Fe(Ll)}_(4)] 7H_(2)O and [(CN)_(2)Re_(6)Te_(8){(CN)Fe(L2)}_(4)] 4CH_(3)CN 4H_(2)O [L1=bis(3-salicylideneaminopropyl)amino, L2=bis(3-salicylideneaminopropyl)methylamine]. These studies demonstrate that multinuclear metal clusters are good candidates as building blocks for new heterogeneous catalysts and show the requisite for exploration with a different hexanuclear metal cluster with magnetically susceptible properties as a mediator.;Part I에서는 새로운 Zintl 화합물의 합성과 그 물리적 성질에 관한 연구를 다뤘다. 본 연구는 무거운 원소로 구성되어 있어서 공기 중에서 안정하고, 동시에 복잡한 구조를 가지는 좁은 띠 간격의 반도체인 Zintl 화합물을 합성하여 열전재료로 응용하는데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 무거운 원소로써 알칼리 토금속 또는 희토류 금속을 선택하였고 이를 전이금 속, 13족, 15족 원소들과 결합시켰다. 그 결과로써 공기 중에서 안정한 비등 방성 Zintl 화합물인 Eu_(5)In_(2)Sb_(6), Ba_(3)Ga_(4)Sb_(5), Eu_(7)Ga_(6)Sb_(8), Yb_(9)Zn_(4)Sb_(9), Eu_(10)MN_(6)Sb_(13)과 불안정한 Sr_(2)MnSb_(2), Sr_(11)Cd_(6)Sb_(12) 얻었다. 대부분의 화합물들은 고온에서 원소들의 직접 반응을 통해서 합성되었으며 전이금속을 포함하고 있는 Zintl 화합물의 경우는 Sn flux를 사용하여 합성하였다. 각 화합물의 전기전도도, Seebeck 상수, 자기적 성질을 측정하였고 열분석을 하였다. 또한 전자구조와 화학적 결합상태를 알아보기 위해 띠 구조 계산을 하였다. 이러한 실험 등을 통해서 합성된 Zintl 화합물들이 복잡하고 다양한 구조를 가짐을 규명하였고 결정구조, 화학양론, 화학결합을 이론적으로 합리화하는데 Zintl 개념이 잘 적용됨을 보여주었다. 또한 합성된 대부분의 화합물들은 복잡한 구조와 좁은 띠 간격을 가지는 반도체로써 열전재료로의 가능성을 보여주었다. Part Ⅱ에서는 [Re_(6)Q_(8)(CN)_(6)]^(4-) (Q=Se,Te) 클러스터를 이용하여 기능성을 가진 다공성 물질과 나노 크기의 물질의 합성과 그 성질에 관한 연구를 하였다. 사용하는 칼코겐 클러스터 따라 구조의 차원이 달라짐을 보였다. Mn(Salen)]_(4n)[Re_(6)Te_(8)(CN)_(6)]_(n) 화합물은 2차원 구조를, Na[Mn(Salen)]_(3)[Re_(6)Se_(8)(CN)_(6)] (salen=N,N'-ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato)은 3차원 구조를 가졌다. Mn-porphyrin 화합물을 클러스터에 연결한 경우 무한히 연결된 구조가 아닌 분자구조의 Na[Mn(TPP)(CH_(3)OH)]_(3)[Re_(6)Te_(8)(CN)_(6)]와 [Mn(OEP)]_(4)[Re_(6)Te_(8)(CN)_(6)]를 합성하였다. 특히 Na[Mn(TPP)(CH_(3)PH)]_(3)[Re_(6)Te_(8)(CN)_(6)] 화합물은 올레핀의 에폭시화 반응에 있어서 탁월한 촉매효과를 보였다. 5배위 리간드를 가지고 있는 철 화합물을 클러스터에 연결시킨 결과 약 ∼2.5Mnm 크기의 [(CN)_(2)Re_(6)Se_(8){(CN)Fe(L1)}_(4)] 7H_(2)O 와 [(CN)_(2)Re_(6)Te_(8){ (CN)Fe(L2)}_(4)] 4CH_(3),CN 4H_(2)O [L1= bis(3-salicylideneaminopropyl)amine, L2= bis(3-salicylideneaminopropyl)methylamine] 화합물을 합성하였다. 이 연구들을 통해서 다핵의 금속 클러스터가 새로운 불균일 촉매로써의 훌륭한 재료임을 보여주었고 자기적 성질 연구를 통해서는 다른 금속과의 중재자로써 새로운 클러스터에 대한 필요성을 제시하였다.Contents = ⅲ List of Figures = ⅵ List of Tables = ⅹⅰ Abstract = ⅹⅴ Part Ⅰ. Synthesis and Characterization of New Zintl compounds = 1 Chapter 1 Introduction = 2 1.1. Introduction to Zintl phases = 2 1.2. Zintl phase for new thermoelectric materials = 4 Chapter 2 Experimental = 15 2.1. Starting Materials and Synthesis = 15 2.2. Characterization Techniques = 18 Chapter 3 Main Group Zintl Compounds = 25 3.1. Introduction = 25 3.2. Eu_(5)IN_(2)Sb_(6), Eu_(5)In_(2-x)Zn_(x)Sb_(6) : A Rare Earth Zintl Phases with a Narrow Band Gap = 27 3.2.1. Experimental = 27 3.2.2. Results and Discussion = 33 3.2.3. Conclusion = 44 3.3. Ba_(3)Ga_(4)Sb_(5) : Ga-Ga Bonding and Tunnel Framework in the New Zintl Phase = 45 3.3.1. Experimental Section = 45 3.3.2. Results and Discussion = 51 3.3.3. Conclusion = 59 3.4. Eu_(7)Ga_(6)Sb_(8) : A New Zintl Phase with Ga-Ga Bonds and Polymeric Gallium Antimonide Chains = 60 3.4.1. Experimental = 60 3.4.2. Results and Discussion = 69 3.4.3. Conclusion = 80 Chapter 4 Transition Metal Zintl Compounds = 85 4.1. Introduction = 85 4.2. Mixed valence of Yb in Yb_(9)Zn_(4)Sb_(9) = 87 4.2.1. Experimental Section = 87 4.2.2. Results and Discussion = 94 4.2.3. Conclusion = 99 4.3. Eu_(10)Mn_(6)Sb_(13) : A New Ternary Rare-Earth Transition Metal Zintl Phase = 100 4.3.1. Experimental Section = 100 4.3.2. Results and Discussion = 108 4.3.3. Conclusion = 116 4.4. Sr_(2)MnSb_(2) : A New Ternary Transition Metal Zintl Phase = 118 4.4.1. Experimental = 118 4.4.2. Results ＆ Discussions = 124 4.4.3. Conclusion = 129 4.5. Sr_(11)Cd_(6)Sb_(12) : A New Ternary Transition Metal Zintl Phase = 130 4.5.1. Experimental = 130 4.5.2. Results and Discussion = 136 4.5.3. Conclusion = 140 Part Ⅱ. Synthesis and Characterization of Re_(6) Cluster-containing Compounds = 145 Chapter 1 Introduction = 146 Chapter 2 Dimensionality Control by Using Different Chalcogen Ligand in [Re_(6)Q_(8)]^(2+)Cluster = 157 2.1. Introduction = 157 2.2. Experimental = 158 2.3. Results and Discussion = 164 2.4. Conclusion = 173 Chapter 3 Synthesis and Reactivity of Rhenium Cluster-supported Manganese Porphyrin Complexes = 174 3.1. Introduction = 174 3.2. Experimental = 177 3.3. Results and Discussion = 194 3.4. Conclusion = 201 Chapter 4. Synthesis and Structures of Nanosize Molecules = 203 4.1. Introduction = 203 4.2. Experimental = 204 4.3. Results and Discussion = 216 4.4. Conclusion = 220 국문초록 = 227 감사의 글 = 22

Mass Analysis of Protein Mixture Using Electro-Elution

Maste

배양액에 첨가된 Citrate가 돼지 체외 수정란의 체외 배 발육에 미치는 영향

Thesis(master`s)--서울대학교 대학원 :수의학과 수의산과·생물공학 전공,2006.Maste