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    Alfred Tennyson์˜ ์‹œ Now sleeps the crimson petal์„ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ Roger Quilter, Ned Rorem, Benjamin Britten์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณก ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์Œ์•…๋Œ€ํ•™(์„ฑ์•…๊ณผ), 2015. 8. ์œคํ˜„์ฃผ.๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ฌธํ•™์˜ ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์˜€๋˜ ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ํฐ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋˜ ์˜๊ตญ ์‹œ์ธ Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892) ์˜ ์‹œ Now sleeps the crimson petal์„ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€๊ณก์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๊ณกํ•œ Roger Quilter (1877-1953), Ned Rorem (1923- ), Benjamin Britten (1913-1976)์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. Quilter, Rorem ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Britten์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์Œ์•…์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์‹œ๋งŒ, ์„ฑ์•…์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ž‘๊ณก ํ•˜์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, Quilter๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์ „ํ†ต์˜ ๋‚ญ๋งŒ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ฆฝ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๋†’์€ ์‹œ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณก์„ ์ž‘๊ณกํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , Rorem์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์Œ์•…์„ ์„ฑ์•…์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ์™€ ๋ฐœ์Œ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์จ์„œ ๊ฐ€๊ณก์„ ์ž‘๊ณกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ Britten์€ ๊ฐ€๊ณก์— ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ ๋ฐ˜์ฃผ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ํ˜„์•…ํ•ฉ์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์‹ค๋‚ด์•…, ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ด€ํ˜„์•… ํŽธ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์˜์‹œ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ค‘์„ธ์˜ ์„œ์ •๊ฐ€์‚ฌ, ๋ผํ‹ด์–ด ๊ฐ€์‚ฌ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ์‹œ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณก์„ ์ผ๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ์•Œํ”„๋ ˆ๋“œ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ์Šจ, Alfred Tennyson, ํ€ผํ„ฐ, Roger Quilter, ๋„ค๋“œ๋กœ๋ ˜, Ned Rorem, ๋ฒค์ž๋ฏผ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌํŠผ, Benjamin Britten, Now sleeps the crimson petal ํ•™๋ฒˆ : 2013-21633์„œ๋ก  ๋ณธ๋ก  I. ๋น…ํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์‹œ๋Œ€ ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฌธํ•™์˜ ํ๋ฆ„ II. ์‹œ์ธ Alfred Tennyson 1.์ƒ์•  2.์‹œ์˜ ํŠน์ง• 3.์‹œ Now sleeps the crimson petal III. Roger Quilter 1.์ƒ์•  2.์Œ์•… ํŠน์ง• 3.์•…๊ณก ๋ถ„์„ IV. Ned Rorem 1.์ƒ์•  2.์Œ์•… ํŠน์ง• 3.์•…๊ณก ๋ถ„์„ V. Benjamin Britten 1.์ƒ์•  2.์Œ์•… ํŠน์ง• 3.์•…๊ณก ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ABSTRACTMaste

    ์ œ 4๊ธฐ-์ œ 6๊ธฐ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์˜์–‘ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ณด๊ฑด๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ,2020. 2. ๊น€ํ˜ธ.Introduction: Patients with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) have more frequent respiratory symptoms and an increased risk of mortality. However, there is a lack of studies on comorbidities in these patients. We investigated the association between PRISm and comorbidities using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Method: The study included subjects aged more than 50 years from the KNHANES 4th-6th (2007-2015). Subjects who did not undergo spirometry or performed inadequately were excluded. We classified subjects into three groups according to spirometry: normal, FEV1/FVC โ‰ฅ 0.7 and FEV1 โ‰ฅ 80% predicted; PRISm, FEV1/FVC โ‰ฅ 0.7 and FEV1 < 80% predicted; and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), FEV1/FVC < 0.7. We compared the prevalence of comorbidities among the three groups using chi-square tests. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the risk of comorbidities in the PRISm group compared to that in the normal group. Result: The study included 17,515 subjects: 12,777 (73.0%) in the normal group, 1,563 (8.9%) in the PRISm group, and 3,175 (18.1%) in the COPD group. In the PRISm group, the prevalence of hypertension was the highest at 51.5% (815 subjects), followed by obesity (45.4%, 697 subjects), hypercholesterolemia (31.2%, 488 subjects), and diabetes (24.0%, 361 subjects). The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, stroke, ischemic heart disease, chronic renal disease, thyroid disease, and osteoarthritis was significantly higher in the PRISm group than in the normal group. After adjustment for known risk factors of each disease, the risks for hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.31 (95% CI 1.14-1.50)], diabetes [aOR 1.51 (95% CI 1.29-1.78)], hypercholesterolemia [aOR 1.20 (95% CI 1.04-1.37)], obesity [aOR 1.31 (95% CI 1.15-1.48)], ischemic heart disease [aOR 1.58 (95% CI 1.13-2.22)], chronic renal disease [aOR 2.31 (95% CI 1.09-4.88)], and thyroid disease [aOR 1.41 (95% CI 1.09-1.83)] were significantly higher in the PRISm group than in the normal group. The average number of comorbidities were 2.45 in the PRISm group, which was higher than that in the normal (2.1) and COPD (2.03) groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: The number of comorbidities was significantly higher in the PRISm group than in the normal group. Among the comorbidities, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, ischemic heart disease, chronic renal disease, and thyroid disease were significantly associated with PRISm after adjustment for risk factors. Thus, underlying comorbidities should be evaluated in patients with PRISm and regular follow-up should be performed.์„œ๋ก  PRISm (Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry)์€ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ๋ง์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ณ ๋œ ๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ PRISm์˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์œผ๋กœ, ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ PRISm๊ณผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋™๋ฐ˜์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์˜์–‘์กฐ์‚ฌ ์ œ 4๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ6๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€(2007๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2015๋…„) ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ 73,353๋ช… ์ค‘, 50์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒ์ • ๋ถˆ๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ FEV1/FVC<0.7์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ์‡„์„ฑ ํ์งˆํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, FEV1/FVCโ‰ฅ0.7์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” FEV1์ด ์ •์ƒ ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ 80% ์ด์ƒ์ผ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ตฐ, 80% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์€ PRISm ๊ตฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์นด์ด์ œ๊ณฑ ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ์ •์ƒ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ PRISm๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์งˆํ™˜์ด ๋™๋ฐ˜๋  ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๋Š” ๋กœ์ง€์Šคํ‹ฑ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ด 17,515๋ช…์ด ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ตฐ์ด 12,777๋ช… (73.0%), PRISm ๊ตฐ์ด 1,563๋ช… (8.9%), ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ์‡„์„ฑ ํ์งˆํ™˜ ๊ตฐ 3,175๋ช… (18.1%) ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. PRISm๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••์ด 51.5% (815๋ช…), ๋น„๋งŒ์ด 45.4% (679๋ช…), ๊ณ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กคํ˜ˆ์ฆ์€ 31.2% (488๋ช…), ๋‹น๋‡จ๊ฐ€ 24.0% (361๋ช…) ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••, ๋‹น๋‡จ, ๊ณ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กคํ˜ˆ์ฆ, ๋น„๋งŒ, ๋‡Œ์กธ์ค‘, ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ์งˆํ™˜, ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์‹ ์งˆํ™˜, ๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณจ๊ด€์ ˆ์—ผ์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ •์ƒ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ PRISm๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์•• (Odds ratio (OR) 1.31 (95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ 1.14-1.50)), ๋‹น๋‡จ (OR 1.51 (95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ 1.29-1.78)), ๊ณ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กคํ˜ˆ์ฆ (OR 1.20 (95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ 1.04-1.37)), ๋น„๋งŒ (OR 1.31 (95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ 1.15-1.48)), ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ์งˆํ™˜ (OR 1.58 (95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ 1.13-2.22)), ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์‹ ์งˆํ™˜ (OR 2.31 (95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ 1.09-4.88)), ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ์งˆํ™˜ (OR 1.41 (95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ 1.09-1.83))์˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. (P<0.05) ํ‰๊ท  ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ˆ˜ ์—ญ์‹œ PRISm ๊ตฐ์—์„œ 2.45๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ •์ƒ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ตฐ (2.1๊ฐœ), ๋งŒ์„ฑํ์‡„์„ฑํ์งˆํ™˜ ๊ตฐ (2.03๊ฐœ)๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ’์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. (P<0.05) ๊ฒฐ๋ก  PRISm๊ตฐ์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋™๋ฐ˜๋œ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์งˆํ™˜๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••, ๋‹น๋‡จ, ๋น„๋งŒ, ํ—ˆํ˜ˆ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ์งˆํ™˜, ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์‹ ์งˆํ™˜, ๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ์งˆํ™˜์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ •ํ•œ ์ดํ›„์—๋„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ PRISm๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. PRISm ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ € ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ์ถ”์  ๊ด€์ฐฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค.์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  6 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 6 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  8 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 9 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ PRISm์˜ ์ž„์ƒ์  ํŠน์ง• 9 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ PRISm ํ™˜์ž์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์—ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ 11 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 15 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ 15 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •์˜ 16 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 17 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 25 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 25 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘ 34 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ด์šฉ 40 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ณ  ์ฐฐ 41 ์ œ 6 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  49 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 51 Abstract 58 ํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ 5 ํ‘œ 1. ์ •์ƒ, PRISm๊ตฐ, ๋งŒ์„ฑํ์‡„์„ฑํ์งˆํ™˜๊ตฐ์˜ ์—ฐ๋„๋ณ„ ์œ ๋ณ‘ 20 ํ‘œ 2. ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํŠน์„ฑ 21 ํ‘œ 3. FEV1/FVC ๋น„๊ฐ€ 0.7 ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ FEV1% ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜์™€ FVC% ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ 24 ํ‘œ 4. PRISm๊ตฐ, ๋งŒ์„ฑ ํ์‡„์„ฑ ํ์งˆํ™˜๊ตฐ ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ตฐ์—์„œ์˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜์งˆํ™˜์˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘๋ฅ  28 ํ‘œ 5. ์ •์ƒ ํ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„๊ตํ•œ PRISm๊ตฐ๊ณผ ๋งŒ์„ฑํ์‡„์„ฑ ํ์งˆํ™˜์˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜์งˆํ™˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ 30 ํ‘œ 6. ์ •์ƒ์ฒด์ค‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ๋น„๋งŒ์ด ๋™๋ฐ˜๋œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ PRISm๊ตฐ์˜ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜ ์œ ๋ณ‘ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ๋ถ„์„ 32 ํ‘œ 7. PRISm๊ตฐ์—์„œ FVC% ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜โ‰ฅ80์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ FVC% ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜<80์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ์งˆํ™˜ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ๋ถ„์„ 33 ํ‘œ 8. ์›์ธ ๋ณ„ ์ž…์› ํ™˜์ž ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ 37 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ ๋ชฉ์ฐจ 5 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1.ํ๋ฆ„๋„ 19 ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2.FEV1/FVC ๋น„๊ฐ€ 0.7 ์ด์ƒ์ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ FEV1% ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜์™€ FVC% ์˜ˆ์ธก์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ถ„ํฌ 24Maste

    A study on the impacts of truck platooning on freeway traffic-flow and the effect of dedicated lane

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ํšํ•™๊ณผ, 2020. 8. ์ด์˜์ธ.ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰์ด ํ™”๋ฌผ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋„๋กœ ํ˜ผ์žก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ์— ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ฆ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์™”๋‹ค. ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์ „ํ™˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋ฒ•์ œ๋„, ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์ •๋น„ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋„๋กœ ์šด์˜์ „๋žต ๋“ฑ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋„๋กœยท๊ตํ†ต ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰์ด ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰ ์ „์šฉ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋„์ž… ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰์ด ๊ตํ†ต๋ฅ˜์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ ํ˜ผ์ž…๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ์˜ ๊ตฐ์ง‘๋น„์œจ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ตฐ์ง‘ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ์†๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ๊ณ  ํ™”๋ฌผ ํ†ตํ–‰๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ์„ ์—์„œ ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰์€ ๊ธ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ง„์ถœ์ž… ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๊ธฐํ–‰๋ ฌ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ‰๊ท ์†๋„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šฐ๋ฉฐ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ „์ฒด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ ‘์†๋ถ€์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํ™•๋ณด ๋“ฑ ์ ‘์†๋„๋กœ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๊ตํ†ต์šด์˜ ์ „๋žต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ตฐ์ง‘ ์ „์šฉ์ฐจ๋กœ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ ๋น„์œจ(MPR)์ด 100%๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ํ•œ ๊ฐœ ์ฐจ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋งŒ ์ „์šฉ์ฐจ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋„์ž… ์‹œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ‰๊ท ์†๋„ ๋ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, ๋น„์ž์œจ์ฐจ ์ƒ์ถฉ๋ฅ  ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋“ฑ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ ‘์†๋ถ€์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ‰๊ท ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ณธ์„ ์— ์ผ๊ด„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „์šฉ์ฐจ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ ‘์†๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์†๋„, ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰ ๋“ฑ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„ ์šด์˜์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋„๋กœยท๊ตํ†ต ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„๋ณ„, ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋Œ€๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰ ๋ฐ ์ „์šฉ์ฐจ๋กœ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Š ํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ–ฅํ›„ ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ๋„๋กœ ์šด์˜์ „๋žต ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.Truck platooning has the potential to solve the problems of road congestion, risk of accidents, and increased energy usage with increasing demand of freight transport. Technology development and empirical research have been conducted in advanced countries to commercialize truck platooning. For the transition towards a shared road network with an increasing number of automated vehicles, Korea also needs to prepare in various ways. Some of these ways include autonomous driving technologies, legal systems, and infrastructure. Considering the need for an infrastructure-level review, which would include not only automotive technology, but also road operation strategies, this study analyzed the impact of truck platooning on freeway traffic flow and the effects of dedicated lanes based on domestic road and traffic conditions. According to the study, the higher traffic volume and truck ratio, the ratio of platoons and the size of the platoons formed increase with increasing traffic volume and truck ratio, which increase the average speed of the network. Therefore, routes with heavy traffic and heavy cargo traffic could be positively considered for truck platooning. On the other hand, an increase in the average speed of the entire network is difficult to expect during a queue because of entry and exit. Hence, the overall throughput of the network can be reduced. Accordingly, traffic operation strategies associated with the access road, such as securing the capacity of the connection, are needed to maximize the effects of truck platooning. When it comes to the effect of dedicated lane, it could have a positive effect only if one lane was fully operated by automated trucks under the condition of 100% MPR, which allowed positive effects in all aspects, such as higher average speed, throughput, and reduced conflict rates. However, since the results showed that the average speed could be greatly reduced if the capacity of connections was insufficient, it was confirmed that the operation strategy for each section was needed based on the capacity, speed, and traffic volume of the highway connection and connecting roads before introducing the dedicated lanes all together. As such, this study comprehensively analyzed the impact of truck platooning by reflecting domestic road and traffic conditions in the scenario. Since the results of the study can be used to measure the impact of truck platooning and dedicated lane by section and time of highways, it can be used as basic data for the establishment or management of road operation strategies considering the truck platooning in the future.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ 3 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ 5 โ…ก. ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ 7 1. ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์ •์ฑ… ๋™ํ–ฅ 7 2. ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰ ๋ฐ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 8 1) ๊ฐœ๋… ์ •๋ฆฝ 8 2) ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰ ํšจ๊ณผ 10 3. ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ฑ 14 โ…ข. ํ™”๋ฌผ์ฐจ ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰ ๋ชจ๋ธ 16 1. ์šด์˜์ „๋žต 16 1) ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ „๋žต 16 2) ์„ ๋‘์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ • 17 2. ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰ ์›๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ 18 1) ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰ ์›๋ฆฌ โ€“ CACC ๊ธฐ์ˆ  18 2) ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋„๊ตฌ 20 3. VISSIM ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์„ค์ • 23 1) ์ž์œจ์ฃผํ–‰์ฐจ์˜ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ • 23 2) ๊ตฐ์ง‘์ฃผํ–‰์˜ ํŠน์ง•๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์ • 39 โ…ฃ. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 46 1. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์„ค๊ณ„ 46 1) ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€๊ณ ์†๋„๋กœ ๋„๋กœยท๊ตํ†ต์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ถ„์„ 46 2) ์‹คํ—˜๊ณ„ํš 51 2. ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ• 57 3. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ 59 4. ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ณ„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ถ„์„ 59 1) ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ 59 2) ์œ ์ž… ๋ฐ ์œ ์ถœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„ 76 5. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์š”์•ฝ 84 โ…ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  87 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  87 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ–ฅํ›„๊ณผ์ œ 89 โ–  ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 92 โ–  ๋ถ€๋ก 97 Abstract 120Maste

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    The effect of written support on general educators' teacher efficacy and attitude toward inclusion

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    ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์„œ์‹ ์ง€์›์ด ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•™๊ธ‰๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์•„๋™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ 8๊ฐœ ์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•™๊ธ‰์˜ ๋‹ด์ž„๊ต์‚ฌ 30๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์„œ์‹ ์ง€์›์ด ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์”ฉ ์ด 8ํšŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„œ์‹  ์ง€์›์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์• ์•„๋™ ๊ต์œก์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ์  ์ ์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„์€ ์‚ฌ์ „๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณต๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•™๊ธ‰๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์•„๋™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํŠน์ˆ˜๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ์„œ์‹ ์ง€์›์„ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์€ ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•™๊ธ‰๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ต์‚ฌํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ฒด์ œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋‚˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•™๊ธ‰๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์‹ค์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ง€์› ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ์จ ์„œ์‹ ์ง€์›์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. This study examined the effects of written support for general educators. Written support consisted of individualized weekly newsletters prepared to inform classroom teachers about the social and academic inclusion of children with disabilities who were included in their classrooms. Participants were 30 general educators included students with disabilities in Seoul. A pretest-post test control group design was used to assess teacher-efficacy, the attitudes of general educators toward inclusion. Analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) was conducted with post-test scores of three measures, considering pre-test scores of each survey as the co-variate. Results revealed that general educators in the written support group showed significantly higher scores in both teacher-efficacy and attitudes toward inclusion
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