Gamma-glutamyltransferase, waist circumference, visceral fat and risk for prevalence of type 2 diabetes

Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatics/석사[한글]혈청 γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) 와 비만은 2형 당뇨병의 위험요인으로 간주된다. GGT에 따라 비만과 2형 당뇨병의 관련성이 약화되거나 강화된다는 연구들이 있었으나 당뇨병에 대한 GGT와 비만의 상호작용에 대한 근거는 부족하며 GGT에 따른 내장 지방도와 당뇨병과의 관련성에 대한 연구는 없다. 연구목적 저자들은 단면 연구를 통해 GGT에 따른 허리둘레, 내장지방면적과 당뇨병의 유병율 사이의 관련성을 알아보고, 당뇨병 유병율에 대한 내장지방도와 GGT의 교호작용을 알아보고자 한다. 연구방법 한국 농촌지역 유전체 코호트 (Korean Rural Genomic Cohort : KRGC) 중에서 40-70세 사이의 2,948명 을 대상으로 GGT와 허리둘레, 내장지방도의 당뇨병에 대한 비차비를 구하고 두 변수의 결합 효과를 구하였다. 각 변수를 4구간으로 구분한 후 당뇨병 유병율에 대한 GGT와 내장지방도, GGT와 허리둘레의 비차비와 교호작용 여부를 분석하였다. 연구결과 당뇨병 유병율에 대한 허리둘레, 내장지방면적, GGT의 비차비는 구간의 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 허리둘레, 내장지방면적, GGT의 당뇨병에 대한 구간 아래 면적은 비슷하였고, 각 변수를 짝을 지어 본 결합효과의 보정 비차비는 증가하였다 (GGT와 내장지방면적의 경우 ORs = 2.10, 2.68, 3.88; GGT와 허리둘레의 경우 ORs = 2.24, 2.82, 4.17). 당뇨병 유병율에 대한 허리둘레와 내장지방면적의 위험은 GGT가 가장 낮은 구간에서는 관련성이 없었으나 허리둘레와 내장지방면적의 모든 구간에서 당뇨병의 유병율은 GGT의 구간에 따라 증가하였다. 허리둘레 또는 내장지방면적과 GGT의 당뇨병 위험에 대한 상호작용은 통계적으로 의미 있지 않았다 ( p value=0.22, 0.34). 결론 허리둘레 또는 내장지방면적과 GGT는 당뇨병 위험에 대해 결합효과를 보였는데, 통계적으로 유의한 상호작용은 보이지 않았다. 복부비만 또는 내장지방에 비해 당뇨병 유병에 대한 위험은 GGT의 영향이 더 클 수 있다. [영문]Background Serum γ-glutamytransferase (GGT) and obesity have been regarded as risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Some observational studies have shown that the association of obesity with the risk of type 2 diabetes according to serum GGT is either weakened or strengthened. However, the evidence of the interaction between GGT and obesity on the risk of diabetes is insufficient, and the association between visceral adiposity and diabetes according to serum GGT has not been examined. Purpose We examined the association between various parameters of obesity and the risk of prevalence of diabetes in accordance with serum GGT and analyzed the interaction between visceral adiposity and GGT on the risk of prevalence of diabetes in cross-sectional study.. Methods There were 2,948 participants, aged 40 to 70 years from Korean Rural Genomic Cohort (KRGC). The participants received at least one medical examination and completed a questionnaire during 2005-2006. We examined the risk of prevalence of diabetes according to quartiles of waist circumference (WC), visceral fat area (VFA) and serum GGT, respectively. We determined the combined effect of variables and the interaction between WC or VFA and GGT on the risk of diabetes. Results Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for prevalence of diabetes showed an increased response to successive quartiles of WC, VFA, and GGT. Area under the curves for WC, VFA and GGT associated with prevalence of diabetes were similar, respectively. Adjusted ORs for the strata defined by pairs of variables were increased (ORs = 2.01, 2.68, 3.88 for GGT and VFA; ORs = 2.24, 2.82, 4.17 for GGT and WC). The risk of WC or VFA on prevalence of diabetes was not associated within the lower quartiles of GGT. However, risk of prevalence of diabetes was increased according to quartiles of GGT in all categories of WC or VFA. The interaction between WC or VFA and GGT on the risk of prevalence of diabetes was not statistically significant (p value=0.22 and 0.34). Conclusion Our findings revealed a combined effect of WC or VFA and serum GGT on the risk of prevalence of diabetes. These results indicate that serum GGT may be a more influential factor than abdominal obesity or visceral fat on the risk of prevalence of diabetes.ope

한국인 인구집단에서 요알부민크레아티닌비와 대사증후군 발생과의 관련성

Dept. of Medicine/박사BackgroundUrinary albumin excretion even in non-pathologic range (<30mg/g) is associated with an increasing risk of CVD and blood pressure progression. Recently, several studies have suggested that urinary albumin excretion is positively associated with prevalence of MetS and its components in various participants. Moreover, there were some studies that have shown the association between change of urinary albumin excretion and arterial stiffness or carotid intima-media thickness. However, there are currently a small number of studies published that have been evaluated the association between MetS, which is also intermediate risk factor of CVD, and low-grade albuminuria. And to our knowledge, there were no studies that investigated the association between change of urinary albumin excretion and MetS.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the prospective association of UACR with the risk of MetS incidence and its components and to evaluate the association of UACR change from baseline over follow-up period with the change in risk of MetS incidence in Korean general population.MethodsTo investigate the association between UACR levels and MetS, baseline survey was included 6,489 participants (2,653 men and 3,836 women) aged 40 to 70 years. We prospectively examined incident risk for MetS and its components among 1,686 participants (740 men and 946 women) without metabolic syndrome at baseline. The subjects were 40 to 70 years of age and from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study on Atherosclerosis Risk of Rural Areas in the Korean General Population cohort. All subjects received medical examination according to standard procedures.ResultsIn baseline survey, mean waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and median triglyceride increased in a linear fashion in both genders according to UACR quartile. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was shown decreased in a linear fashion according to UACR quartile. Compared to the lowest quartile of UACR, the odds ratios (ORs) for prevalence of MetS in participants who were categorized in the highest quartile of UACR were 1.87 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.43–2.45) and 1.90 (1.54–2.35) in men and women, respectively, when adjusted for age, baseline BMI and other covariates. During a mean of 2.6 years of follow-up, 129 men (17.4%) and 183 women (19.3%) developed MetS. In prospective study, the ORs for incident MetS comparing the highest with the lowest tertiles of UACR levels were not significant as 0.93 (0.56-1.52) and 1.25 (0.82-1.89) in men and women, respectively. Compared to the group of less than 10% UACR increase from baseline and less than 5mg/g increase from baseline, the ORs for incident MetS in the group of more than 20% UACR increase and the group of more than 10mg/g increase from baseline were 1.44 (1.05-1.97) and 2.00 (1.22-3.28), respectively. UACR change was associated with incident risk of MetS (highest versus lowest tertile : 0.62, 95% CI 0.47-0.92). After stratification of cutoff points of UACR (10.6mg/g), compared to the group of less than 10% UACR increase from baseline and less than 5mg/g increase from baseline, the ORs for incident MetS in the group of more than 20% UACR increase and more than 10mg/g increase were 1.66 (1.12-2.46) and 4.16 (1.91-9.08) at levels below the cut-off, respectively. Similarly, an UACR change was associated with decreased incidence of MetS (highest versus 2nd , lowest tertile : 2nd, 0.54, 95% CI 0.36-0.81; lowest, 0.31 95% CI 0.09-1.12). . In contrast, UCAR change was not associated with incident MetS at levels above the cutoff points.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that UACR change was positively associated with incident MetS. Especially this association was maintained in the group of below cutoff points of baseline UACR, within the very low-grade albuminuria (<10.6 mg/g). These findings suggest increasing UACR change in the range of less than current microalbuminuria threshold may be a predictor for new-onset MetS.ope

辯護人의 訴訟關係書類 閱覽·謄寫權에 관한 硏究

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :법학과 형사법전공,1998.Maste

Fracture Toughness under Mixed Mode I/II Loading of High Speed Steel and 5%Chrome Steel

Maste

Hypertriglyceridemic Waist Prevalence and Associated Factors in Korean Men and Women: the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) and its association with demographic and metabolic factors in Korean population. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNE), which was a cross-sectional national health survey. Results: The total study population amounted to 29,506 individuals, aged 15 years and older. The prevalence of HTGW, as defined elevated waist circumference (90cm or greater for men, 85cm or greater for women) plus elevated triglyceride levels (177mg/dl or higher) was 10.2% in men and 7.3% in women. HTGW prevalence was highly associated with cardiovascular risk factors in both genders. After adjusting for independent variables which were age, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, somking status, education, drinking frequency, physical activity, and carbohydrate intake, there was a greater risk of HTGW with an increased total cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased drinking frequency. Education level in women was identified as a factor associated with HTGW. Conclusions: HTGW can be a simple and convenient predictor for the overaccumulation of abdominal fat and cardiovascular risk. Drink style was associated with the prevalence of HTGW in Korean men and women.ope

Speaker-Informed Time-and-Content-Aware Model for Contextual Natural Language Understanding

DoctorThis dissertation proposes speaker-informed content-aware and time-aware models that capture relevant historical utterances based on awareness of both content and time of all historical utterances using speaker information for natural language understanding (NLU) of the current utterance. By improving the awareness of important historical utterances for NLU of the current utterance, the proposed models are improved in accuracy of NLU. Specifically, the proposed approach for capturing important historical utterances is decomposed into two main axes, ``Awareness" and ``Attention Level". Awareness considers the distance of a historical utterance from the current utterance, or content-similarity between the utterances to assess the importance of the historical utterance. Attention level considers the speaker identity of a historical utterance to assess the importance of the utterance. Additionally, this dissertation proposes speaker-modeling methods that are tailored for Transformer-based general-purpose pretrained models like XLNet. These methods are implemented on the top of XLNet to verify the effectiveness of them. To evaluate the proposed models, experiments were conducted on two benchmark datasets, the fourth dialog state tracking challenge (DSTC 4) and Loqui. On the experiments, the proposed models achieved state-of-the-art F1 scores on both datasets. Also the results of experiments demonstrate that the proposed methods are effective to improve accuracy of NLU. Finally, detailed analysis of the results is provided

Low-salinity Water and Circulation in Summer around Saemangeum Area in the West Coast of Korea

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