24 research outputs found

    Problem of Time in the Deleuzian Interpretation of Kant

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    ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ๋Š” ๊ธ€ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค. I์ ˆ์—์„œ ํ–„๋ฆฟ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฒฉ์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ์จ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์™ธ์—ฐ์  ์šด๋™์— ์ข…์†๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ์น˜๊ณ  ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๋˜์–ด ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์–ป๋Š”๋‹ค. II์ ˆ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ๋‚ด๊ณต์  ์šด๋™์—์„œ๋„ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทœ์ •๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ(์ž์•„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ)์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ(๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ)์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํƒ€์ž๋กœ ์žฌํ˜„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์–‘์ž๋ฅผ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ด์–ด์ค€๋‹ค(๋‚ด๋ถ€์„ฑ์˜ ํ˜•์‹). ํ–„๋ฆฟ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ์  ์„ฑ์ทจ๋Š” ์ด ํƒ€์ž๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์šด๋™์— ํ•ฉ์ผํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. III์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํˆฌ์Šค๋Š” ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ช…๋ น์ธ ํ•ด๋ผ!๋ฅผ ๊ทธ ์„ (ๅ–„)์„ ์—ฐ์—ญํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ตœ์šฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜์›ํžˆ ์„ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค. ์„ ์€ ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์‹ฌํŒ์€ ๋ฌดํ•œํžˆ ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ง€์—ฐ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ์„ ์  ํ๋ฆ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค. IV์ ˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ๊ด€๋“ค ๋˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋“ค์ด ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‹คํ–‰๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•๋ณ€ํ•œ๋‹ค(๋ถˆํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์กฐํ™”). ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๋Š” ํž˜๋“ค์˜ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์‹คํ–‰์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํญํ’์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ˜‘ํ™”์Œ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์›์ฒœ์ด๋‹ค.On four poetic formulas which might summarize the Kantian philosophy of G. Deleuze explicitly or implicitly refers Shakespeare. Section Is hero is Hamlet. Time is out of joint, so it is liberated from extensive movement and becomes autonomous. In Section II, time as a form of interiority is also freed from intensive movement. Time separates and links the determined (the self) and the determination (the I). Hamlet receives this determination. In Section III, Brutus practices the Good inferred from you should! which is pure imperative of the Law, but he eternally cannot reach the Good. The Good is what the Law says, but the judgement is deferred because of the linearity of the time. In Section IV, all senses or faculties are freely played, reaching a point of discordant accord. In the midst of The Tempest, time is nascent

    ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์˜ `์˜์› ํšŒ๊ท€` ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : `์ƒ์„ฑ`,`์‹œ๊ฐ„`,`์—ํ† ์Šค`๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘์ฒ ํ•™์ „๊ณต,1995.Maste

    ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ์Šคํ”ผ๋…ธ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์œ…์Šคํ€ผ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ

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    ์ตœ๊ทผ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์Šคํ”ผ๋…ธ์ž๋Š” ๋ฐ์นด๋ฅดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋น„ํŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ผ์ดํ”„๋‹ˆ์ธ ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š”, ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—์„œ ์ „๊ฐœ๋œ ์ด์„ฑ๋ก (rationalism, ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ๋ก ) ์ „ํ†ต์— ์†ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜•์ด์ƒํ•™์ž๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ์ง€ํ˜• ๋‚ด์—์„œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์Šคํ”ผ๋…ธ์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋Œ€์ ์ธ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์ง€๋ฉด์„œ, ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ค„์ง„ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€์™€ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์Šคํ”ผ๋…ธ์ž๋Š” 20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์  ์ง€ํ˜•๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ์Šคํ”ผ๋…ธ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™(Ethique)์„ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์–ด์›์ธ ethos(ฮฎฮธฮฟฯ‚, ็ฟ’ๆ€ง)์—์„œ ํŒŒ์ƒ๋œ ๋™๋ฌผํ–‰๋™ํ•™ ๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰ํƒœํ•™(รฉthologie)์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ…์Šคํ€ผ(Jakob von Uexkull, 1864๏ฝž1944)์ด๋‹ค. ํ–‰ํƒœํ•™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์–ธ๊ธ‰์€ ์Šคํ”ผ๋…ธ์ž. ์‹ค์ฒœ์ฒ ํ•™ ์˜ ์ดˆํŒ(1970)์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค

    ๋ณต๊ถŒ ์†Œ๋น„์ž์˜ ๋ณต๊ถŒ๊ตฌ๋งคํ–‰๋™๊ณผ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ : ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ์†Œ๋น„ํ–‰๋™์˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์†Œ๋น„์žํ•™๊ณผ,2004.Maste

    Becoming-woman, n Sexes and the Politics of Becoming in Deleuze and Guattari

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    ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€ ์‹ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?์™€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ธ๊ฐ€?๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์Œ์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์น˜ํ•™๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ-์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด๋ž€ ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋žจ๋ถ„์ž์  ํ•ญ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์ž์  ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•ด์„œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋ธ”๋ก์„ ์ด๋ฃธ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™๋ฌผ-์ƒ์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ข‹์€ ์ž…๊ตฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์€ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์  ยท ๊ทธ๋žจ๋ถ„์ž์  ํ•ญ๋“ค์ด ์„ค ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žƒ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์ธ์  ์žฌํ˜„์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ๋น„-์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์„ฑ์—, n๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฑ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—ญ์‹œ๋„ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ง‘ํ•ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ง€๋ฐฐ์  ํ‘œ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์„ฑ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„/๋‚จ์„ฑ์— ๋งž์„œ์„œ๋งŒ ๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ์„ฑ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ-์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž์  ์ •์น˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋™์‹œ์ผœ ๋ถ„์ž์  ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์˜์‹์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์™€ ๊ทธ ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์›๋ฆฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์š•๊ณผ ์š•๋ง์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์š•๋งํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‚ฌํšŒ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ์š”๋™์น˜๊ณ  ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ์ •์น˜ํ•™์€ ๊ณง ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์š•๋ง์˜ ์ •์น˜ํ•™์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.I will consider the problems of becoming-woman and the politics of becoming. In Deleuze, becoming means producing a bloc of molecular elements which are captured from two or more molar terms. We must consider becoming in general, where statistic and molar terms like woman and man are not helpful to grasp its real meaning. We should reach a non-human sex or n sexes beyond the anthropomorphic representation of sex. Thus woman also should be conceived not as a fixed state but as a process. Animal and woman can remain minor compared to man, the majority or standard. It should be that even woman have to become-woman. In this way, we practice molecular politics so as to reach molecular elements, and we should view the universe as the unconscious and sexuality and desire as its immanent principle. Desire means the construction of a desirable assemblage, while established social orders will be jolted and changed. The politics of becoming is the politics of nonhuman desire

    ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„์ฃผ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ก 

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ์„œ์–‘์ฒ ํ•™์ „๊ณต, 2013. 2. ๊น€์ƒํ™˜.๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก ์งˆ ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ๋Š” ํŽ ๋ฆญ์Šค ๊ณผํƒ€๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์“ด ใ€Ž์•ˆํ‹ฐ ์˜ค์ด๋””ํ‘ธ์Šค. ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๋ถ„์—ด์ฆใ€(1972/3)์—์„œ ๋…์ž์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ๋ก ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„์ฃผ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ก ์ด๋ผ ์ผ์ปฌ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ก ์€ ์œค๋ฆฌํ•™๊ณผ ์ •์น˜ํ•™์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ ์ฒ ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์—ฐ์ฃผ์˜์ž์ด์ž ์œ ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ž๋กœ์„œ, ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•ด์„œ ์‹ค์ฒœ ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ์ •์ดˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ดํ•ด์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์€ ์‹คํŒจํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์  ์กด์žฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„์™€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋Š” ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์˜์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ์ฐฉ์ƒ์€ ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค. ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ, ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์€ ๊ณ ์•„์ด๋ฉฐ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค(์ž๊ธฐ-์ƒ์‚ฐ). ๋ฌด์˜์‹์€ ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„์ด ํ”ํžˆ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋ฌด์˜์‹์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ์ „์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋งŒ, ์ดˆ์›”์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์กด์žฌ๋ก ์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์˜์‹์€ ๋ง‘์Šค์˜ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋นŒ์ž๋ฉด ๋น„-์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์„ฑ(ๆ€ง)๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ฑ, ์„ฑ์š•, ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ์š•๋ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฐฉ์ƒ๋„ ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ๋ฌด์˜์‹ ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ์ˆœ์ „ํ•œ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ์  ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›์‹œ (์˜ํ† ) ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์•ผ๋งŒ (์ „์ œ๊ตฐ์ฃผ) ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๋ฌธ๋ช… (์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜) ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ์„œ๋งŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์ •์ดˆ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋์— ๊ฐ€์„œ์•ผ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์กด์žฌ์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ทนํ•œ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ก ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์š•๋ง์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๋“ฌ๋Š”๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์š•๋ง์ด ๊ฒฐํ•๋œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ถ”๊ตฌ ๋‚ด์ง€๋Š” ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํ™˜์ƒ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋˜์–ด ์™”์„ ๋ฟ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ฐฉ์ƒ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ, ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ๋Š” ์š•๋ง์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์ (๋ณดํŽธ์ ) ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ์›๋ฆฌ์ด๋ฉฐ, ์š•๋ง ์ž์‹ ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„˜์–ด ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์š•๋ง ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ๋ฆ„๋“ค์˜ ์ ˆ๋‹จ์˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜๋œ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ ˆ๋‹จ์€ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ ๋œปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ˜„์‹ค์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ๊ณต์žฅ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ „์ฒด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ์•ˆ์—์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์˜์‹ ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ƒ์‚ฐ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ๋“ฑ๋ก์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์€ ๊ณง ์กด์žฌ๋ก ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์„ธ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์€ ์…‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉ, ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์ข…ํ•ฉ, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…ํ•ฉ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฌ์ง€์—์„œ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ์ฃผ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณผ์ • ์†์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ๊ธˆ ์ข…ํ•ฉ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์—ด์ฆ์€ ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ์šฉ์–ด์ด๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์—ด์ฆ์€ ์ •์‹  ์งˆํ™˜์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ํ†ต์ผ์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์  ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์™„์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด๋‹ค. ์š•๋ง์˜ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์ด ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‚ถ์€ ์ž๋ณธ์˜ ์ด์œค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทœ์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ํ†ต์ œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„๋„ ์•„๋น , ์—„๋งˆ, ์ž์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์˜ค์ด๋””ํ‘ธ์Šค(ํ•ต๊ฐ€์กฑ)์„ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ž๋ณธ์— ๋ด‰์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์˜ˆ์†์—์„œ ๋„์ฃผํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์—ด์ฆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ตœ์„ ์„ ๋‹คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ๋ฌด์˜์‹, ์š•๋ง, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„, ์ƒ์‚ฐ, ์ข…ํ•ฉ ํ•™๋ฒˆ : 95113-852ABSTRACT Non-humanist Ontology in Deleuze KIM, Jae-Yin Department of Philosophy (Western Philosophy) The Graduate School Seoul National University In Anti-Oedipus. Capitalism and Schizophrenia (1972/3, with Fรฉlix Guattari), Gilles Deleuze constructs a singular ontology, which I call A Non-humanist Ontology. Deleuzes ontology is closely related to the practical philosophy including ethics and politics. As a naturalist and materialist, Deleuze wants to found a practical philosophy on an immanent world. If we fail to understand the right nature of man, all our endeavor to change our world should be destined to fail too. It is necessary to understand the nature of the world and man as material being. Deleuzes conception of the unconscious is different from the psychoanalytic one. Deleuze argues that in the level of production the unconscious is orphan and produces itself (auto-production). The unconscious is not a part of psychic apparatus as psychoanalysts usually think. Rather, it refers to the universe, or the being as a whole. Only then, the immanent ontology can be constructed without any introduction of the transcendence or God. The unconscious is like a non-human sex according to the expression of Karl Marx. It excludes any conception of sex, sexuality, production, and desire as parental production. But Deleuzes conception of the unconscious is not a pure logical construction as such. It can only be found and founded as a result of the analysis of the history from the savage (territorial) society to the civilized (capitalist) via the barbarian (despotic). Only in the end of the history, the nature of society is revealed and the essence of the being as a whole can be investigated as a limit of social history. Deleuze revises the concept of desire in order to construct his own ontology. For, until now, desire is understood only as a pursuit to the lacking object or as a production of the phantasy as a psychic reality. Contrary to these traditional conceptions, Deleuze argues that desire is an immanent principle of the universal production and itself produces reality. And Deleuze also reconstruct the concept of machine as a social machine and a desiring-machine beyond the technological machine. Machine is defined as a system of break (coupure) of flows. Here break means not a separation from the reality but a construction or arrangement of the reality. Machine is like a factory. World as a whole always changes in the process of auto-production. The unconscious or the universe is the production in general, that is the production of production, the production of recording and the production of the consumption. In Deleuze, the theory of production is the same as the ontology. There are three syntheses of production which include connection, disjunction and conjunction. All these syntheses should be considered in terms of temporality, because the universe is always re-synthesized in the process of time. Schizophrenia is the term of this process in Deleuze. It is not a mental disease but a process of the universe which is also expressed as the essential unity of man and nature. Our practical task is to complete the process. Liberation of desire has no other meaning than this. But in our capitalist regime, our lives are regulated and controlled for the profit of capital. Even psychoanalysis is in the service of the capital by imposing the Oedipus (nuclear familism) consisted of daddy, mammy and child. Now it is time to escape from the voluntary subjection to the capital and to try to our best to live our own lives as a breakthrough not as a breakdown. keywords : the unconscious, desire, machine, production, synthesis Student Number : 95113-852๋ชฉ์ฐจ ๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก ์„œ๋ก : ์กด์žฌ๋ก ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ฒœ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ / 1 1. ใ€Ž์•ˆํ‹ฐ ์˜ค์ด๋””ํ‘ธ์Šคใ€: ์ •์น˜ ์ฒ ํ•™ ๋˜๋Š” ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„์ฃผ์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ก  / 1 2. ์ž๊ธฐ ์˜ˆ์†์„ ์š•๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ / 6 3. ์ „๋ฉด์— ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง‘์Šค / 11 4. ์š•๋ง๊ณผ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์˜ ํƒ๊ตฌ: ์•ˆํ‹ฐ ์˜ค์ด๋””ํ‘ธ์Šค, ๋˜๋Š” ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ฒฐ / 15 5. ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ์ด๋ก : ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฒฌ์ง€์—์„œ / 21 6. ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ / 24 1์žฅ. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฒด ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ / 26 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„: ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ / 28 2. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฒด์™€ ๋ฌผ์‹ (็‰ฉ็ฅž) / 30 3. ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์‚ฌ / 35 4. ์›์‹œ ์˜ํ†  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์ฝ”๋“œํ™” / 42 5. ์•ผ๋งŒ ์ „์ œ๊ตฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์ดˆ์ฝ”๋“œํ™” / 48 2์žฅ. ๋ฌด์˜์‹์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ก ์  ์ดํ•ด / 55 1. ๊ณ ์•„ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ธฐ-์ƒ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฌด์˜์‹ / 57 2. ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ๋ง‘์Šค ์ˆ˜์šฉ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ œ / 63 3. ๋ง‘์Šค์  ์—ฐ์› 1: ๊ณ ์•„ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๋ฌด์˜์‹ / 69 4. ๋ง‘์Šค์  ์—ฐ์› 2: ์œ ์  ์กด์žฌ / 75 5. ๋น„-์ธ๊ฐ„์  ์„ฑ ๋˜๋Š” n ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฑ / 80 6. ๋ง‘์Šค์  ์—ฐ์› 3: ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ž์—ฐ์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ํ†ต์ผ์„ฑ ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋™์ผ์„ฑ / 86 3์žฅ. ํž˜์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ก ๊ณผ ์š•๋ง ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ / 96 A. ๋ฒ ๋ฅด๊ทธ์†์˜ ๋ณ€์ฆ๋ฒ• ๋น„ํŒ: ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ์ž ์žฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์ง€์† / 99 B. ์Šคํ”ผ๋…ธ์ž์™€ ํž˜(potentia, vis, potestas) / 115 C. ์Šคํ”ผ๋…ธ์ž์—์„œ ๋‹ˆ์ฒด๋กœ: ํž˜๊ณผ ์˜์ง€ / 127 D. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์™€ ์š•๋ง / 141 1. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์œ ๋ž˜ 1: ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ณ€์ด์™€ ์ดํ–‰ ๋ฌธ์ œ / 143 2. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์œ ๋ž˜ 2: ๊ณผํƒ€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ / 147 3. ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ์œ ๋ž˜ 3: ๋ฒ„ํ‹€๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ… / 149 4. ์š•๋ง๊ณผ ์š•๋ง ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ / 152 4์žฅ. ๊ฐœ๋…์  ์งˆ์„œ ์†์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ข…ํ•ฉ / 157 A. ์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉ / 158 1. ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์˜ ํ˜•์‹ / 158 2. ์ฑ„์ทจ-์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ณผ ํ๋ฆ„ / 163 3. ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋Œ€์ƒ / 167 4. ๊ธฐ๊ด€ ์—†๋Š” ๋ชธ / 172 5. ์ฃฝ์Œ ๋ณธ๋Šฅ / 176 B. ๋“ฑ๋ก์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์ข…ํ•ฉ / 179 1. ํˆฌ์ž์™€ ๋Œ€ํ•ญ-ํˆฌ์ž / 180 2. ์–ต์••๊ณผ ํƒ„์•• / 182 3. ํŽธ์ง‘์ฆ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋žจ๋ถ„์ž์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ, ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์  ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ / 187 4. ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์˜ ํ˜•์‹ ๋ฐ ์ดํƒˆ-์ ˆ๋‹จ๊ณผ ์ฝ”๋“œ / 191 C. ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ข…ํ•ฉ / 194 1. ์†Œ๋น„์˜ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ์ฃผ์ฒด์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ: ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ข…ํ•ฉ ๋˜๋Š” ์ž”์—ฌ-์ ˆ๋‹จ / 194 2. ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค / 199 3. ํ˜ธ๋ชจ ํžˆ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„๋“ค / 204 4. ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ข…ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ์œ ๋ชฉ์  ์‚ฌ์šฉ / 206 5์žฅ. ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ / 209 1. ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๊ณผํƒ€๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ตฌ์ถœํ•˜๋ผ? / 209 2. ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ฒ”์ ์ธ ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ ๋น„ํŒ / 225 3. ์ œ๋„ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ์‹๋ฏผํ™” / 235 4. ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ์ •์‹ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ / 244 5. ํ™”ํ ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜-์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™” / 251 ๊ฒฐ๋ก : ๋ถ„์—ด์ฆ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์‚ถ / 258 ์ฃผ์š” ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ / 261 AbstractDocto

    On Deluz`s Reading on Hume

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    ํ†ต์ƒ ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ํ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์‚ฌ์˜€์„ ๋ฟ ์ดํ›„์—๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์ฃผ๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์— ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ก ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ, ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ก ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ„์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ‘œํ˜„์ž„์„ ์•Œ ์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์˜ ํ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ ์ฒ ํ•™์˜ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์ง€ํ‰์„ ์ด๋ฃฌ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํƒœ๋„์™€ ์ง€ํ‰์€ 20๋…„ ํ›„์˜ ๊ก”์ฒ ํ•™์‚ฌ๊ก• ๊ธฐ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋ณ€์น˜ ์•Š๊ณ  ์œ ์ง€๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ด์„์€ ์ Š์€ ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ƒ์ด ํฐ ๋‹จ์ ˆ ์—†์ด ๋ณ€์ฃผ (variation)๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ฒ ํ•™์— ์ด๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ•ด์„์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ„์˜ ๋„๋•์ฒ ํ•™์  ์ •ํ–ฅ์€ ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ์˜ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ฒ ํ•™์  ์ •ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ผ์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋“ค๋ขฐ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ํ„์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ์ธ์‹๋ก ์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ์—, ํ„์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ก ์˜ ๊ธ‰์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ธ์‹๋ก ์  ํšŒ์˜์ฃผ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉฐ, ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด๋Š” ์‹ค์ฒœ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ์„ค ์ •์—๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋ก  ์†์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ฒœ๊ณผ ์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ธ์‹์—์„œ๊ฑด ํ–‰์œ„์—์„œ๊ฑด ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค

    [์‹œ์‚ฌ์ดˆ์ ] ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ํ‰์ƒ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ

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    1. 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑํ‰์ƒ๊ต์œก 2. ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ๊ด€๋ จ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฐ€. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ •์ฑ… ๋‚˜. ์œ ์—”์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ •์ฑ… 3. ํ‰์ƒ๊ต์œก์ฒด์ œ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ง์—…๊ต์œก ํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ฐ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋‚˜. ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ง์—…๊ต์œกํ›ˆ๋ จ ํ™œ์„ฑํ™” ๋ฐฉ
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