Clinical and histopathological studies on oto-rhino-laryngeal tumors in Koreans

의학과/석사[한글] [영문] Malignant tumors became to have more and more interest in both for basic researchers and clinicians, because most inflammatory diseases which had threatened our livelihood in the past are under control with antibiotics. Clinically, the neoplastic lesions of the oto-rhino-laryngological field are detected early for their earlier symptoms and external visibility. Moreover, the anatomical and histological characteristics such as the thin wall of the paranasal sinuses with wide continuity, and intimate contact of mucosa or skin to underlying cartilage on anterior nasal septum, nasal alae, epiglottis and larynx give the adequate condition to spread the neoplastic lesions early, rapidly and widely. And other anatomic factors such as: (1) pilosebacious elements of the nares, (2) mucous gland, abundant vascular tissue, and the nerve elements of nasal cavity, (3) mucous gland, abundant lymphoid tissue, and possible embryonal remnants in the pharynx, (4) simple squamous mucosa of oropharynx and tonsils, (5) glands of epiglottis, larynx, trachea also influenced the special characteristics and peculiar behaviors of the oto-rhino-laryngeal tumors. With the development of irradiation therapy and chemotherapy including surgical technic, there have been great advance of anticancer therapy, and we are highly expecting to solve this problem as like for anti-inflammatory in a near future. To solve this problem, it is required to have sound knowledge about clinical and histopathological characters of the tumors as much as the knowledge of therapeutic measures. Although a lot of reports have been made public about the tumors of oto-rhino-laryngological field in Korea and foreign countries, still there have leaved something to be desired about the general realities and actural condition, and most of these were confined to only one organ or the period handled the cases was short. So the auther studied the clinical and histopath logical analysis of tumors of oto-rhino-laryngological field which were confirmed by biopsy during last twelve and a half years in Severance hospital. Materials and Methods. The materials used in this study consist of biopsy tissues from oto-rhino-laryngological field under the suspicion of new growth or inflammatory lesions during last twelve and a half years from Jan. 1960 to Jun. 1972. All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin, and dehydrated with graded alcohol, and next embedded in paraffin. The paraffin embedded blocks were cut in 5-6u thickness and sections were stained by the Hematoxylin-Eosin method. Clinical analysis including age, sex, chief complaint and duration of illness were done with available charts. Histopathological studies on all biopsy cases were performed with the following categories.: +-Epithelial +-----Malignant--------------------------+-Mesenchyma Tumors ---+ +-Unclassified+-----Neoplastic ------+----Epithelial +-----Benign----+ +----Mesenchymal +-----Non-neoplastic Inflammations Others(Non pathologic, and insufficient materials) Results and Summary. Clinical and histopathological studies were made on 1758 biopsy tissues of oto-rhino-laryngological lesions which were submitted to the department of pathology, Yonsei University college of Medicine, during the period of twelve and a half years from Jan. 1960 to Jun. 1972. The following results were obtained. 1. Among 1758 cases of biopsy, tumors: 1060(60.3%). inflammations: 639(36.3%), and others: 59(3.4%). In tumors, benign tumors: 526(47.7%) and malignant tumors: 534(52.3%). 2. The mean age for benign tumors was 38.1 and for malignant tumors, 52.4. which showes somewhat earlier tendency to tumor age than foreigners. 3. The male to female ratio were 2.2;1 for benign tumors and 3.2;1 for malignant tumors, showing male preponderance in both. 4. In the clinical data, hoarseness was the most frequen chief complaint for laryngeal tumors, nasal obstruction for nasal and paranasal tumors, palpable cervical mass and nasal obstruction for pharyngeal tumors, and oral and cervical mass for oral tumors. 5. The duration of illness were less than on year in 60.2% of benign tumors and 83.8% of malignant tumors. 6. The most common histopathological type of benign non-neoplastic tumors was polyp with the incidence of 89.3% of those. 7. The most common histopathological type of benign neoplastic tumors was papilloma with the incidence of 53.2% and then in order of frequency was angiofibroma, hemangioma, and mixed tumor ectc. 8. The most common histopathological type of malignant tumors was squamous cell carcinoma with the incidence of 69.8% (363/534) and then in order of frequency was malignant lymphoma, anaplastic carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma etc. 9. The clinical and histopathological analysis for aural lesions was inavailable because of the data size.restrictio

Construction of two- or three-weight binary linear codes from defining sets

Doctor정의 집합(defining set)을 이용하여 무게의 갯수가 적은 선형 부호를 만드는 연구는 Calderbank와 Kantor 이후 활발히 연구되는 부호이론의 중요한 주제이다. 본 논문에서는 일반적으로 알려진 정의 집합을 이용하여 선형 부호를 만드는 방법의 수정된 형태의 버전을 제안한다. 그 후, 정의 집합으로 만들어지는 선형 부호와 그 부분 부호의 차원을 계산할 수 있게 해주는 정의 집합에 대한 조건을 제시할 예정이다. 다음으로, 차원이 $1$보다 큰 선형 부호, $2m$개의 변수를 가지는 bent 함수, 또, Vail'ev 부호가 제시했던 조건을 만족한다는 것을 보인 후, 그들을 정의 집합으로 가지는 선형 부호와 그 부호들 중 무게의 갯수가 적은 부분 부호의 무게 분포을 계산 할 것이다. 또, 우리가 제시한 방법의 곱 버전을 적용하여, 그 중 일부는 최적화 부호가 되는, 둘 혹은 셋의 무게를 가지는 무한 족을 몇몇 얻을 예정이다. 우리의 결과로 나온 무게가 둘인 선형 부호 중 일부는 strongly 정규 그래프에, 무게가 셋인 부호 중 일부는 partial geometric 차집합에, 또 특정 조건을 만족하는 부호는 최소부호가 됨을 보일 수 있다. 본 논문에서 얻은 선형 부호에 대한 무게 분포표 역시 함께 수록할 예정이다.In this dissertation, we propose a construction method of linear codes from defining sets. We first impose a condition on defining sets which enables us to compute the dimensions of linear codes and their subcodes obtained from defining sets satisfying the condition. We next show that linear codes of dimension bigger than one, the support of bent functions of 2m (m > 1) variables and Vasil'ev codes satisfy the condition, and determine the weight distributions of linear codes and their subcodes obtained from those defining sets. By applying product version of our construction, we obtain a number of infinite families of two- or three-weight linear codes some of which are optimal in the sense that they meet some bound. Our results may contribute to the construction of strongly regular graphs from two-weight linear codes, partial geometric difference sets from three-weight linear codes and minimal codes from suitable linear codes. We also present tables of weight distributions of linear codes obtained from our construction

Morphological studies about combined effects of noise and kanamycin to the hair cells of Corti's organ

의학과/박사[한글] 소음 및 이중독성 각종 항생제가 내이 유모세포에 미치는 영향에 관한 병리조직학적인 연구는 1951년 전자현미경이 이과영역에 이용되고(Lim, 1969) 그후 Engstrem 등(1966)에 의해서 표면처치법(surface preparation technic)이 개발되어 급격한 발전을 보여 유모세 포들의 와우각내 회전부위별 양적인 손실도나 수상성의 상관관계 및 전자현미경적 미세구 조의 변화를 더욱 자세하게 밝힘으르써 오늘날에는 그들의 내이손상기전에 대해서 많은 연구결과가 발표되게 되었다. 이에 저자는 소음과 이중독성 항생제의 하나인 kanamycin에 따른 지금까지의 내이손상 지견을 바탕으로 해서 증가일로에 있는 오늘날의 소음환경하 에서 kanamycin을 비롯한 이중독성 약물의 투여가 더욱 극심한 내이손상을 유발할 것으로 사려되어 이와같은 소음과 kanamycin의 병합투여가 내이유모세포의 병변에 어떻게 영향 하는지를 실험적으로 관찰코자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 실험재료 및 방법 실험동물로는 체중 200gm 내외의 음향성자극이나 이중독성약물에 노출된 바 없는 이개 반응(Preyer reflex)이 양성인 건강한 몰못트 32마리를 사용하여 이를 정상대조군, 단독 처치군, 병합처치군으로 크게 나누어 정상대조군은 생리식염수를 투여한 제 1군을, 단독 처치군은 90dB의 소음을 노출시킨 제 2군과 kanamycin을 체중 kg당 15mg, 50mg, 100mg씩 을 각각 투여한 제 3, 제 4, 제 5군으로 그리고 병합처치군은 90dB 소음과 kanamycin을 체중 kg당 15mg, 50mg, 100mg씩을 각각 병합투여한 제 6, 제 7, 제 8군으로 선정하여 각 군마다 4마리씩의 몰못트를 사용하였다. 소음의 강도는 車(1975)가 발표한 방직공장내부 의 평균기계 소음치인 90dB로 하였고 실험동물에게는 하루 6시간씩 소음을 계속적으로 노 출시켰으며 실험약제의 투여는 C회사 제품인 kanamycin sulfate를 각군별로 일정량을 매 일 1회씩 대회부에 근육주사하였다. 또 실험 시작후 도살시기까지 이개반응검사로 청각의 변동을 관찰하였며 도살시기는 각군을 2군으로 나누어서 각각 실험시작 제 3주말과 제 6 주말에 도살하였다 도살방법으로는 에텔 마취하에 실험동물의 측두골내의 와우각을 적출하여 3% glutarald ehyde 용액으로 처리한 후 1% cacodylate buffer 용액으로 세척하고 1% osmium 용액에 1 ∼2시간 고정한 다음 일측 와우각은 35%, 50%, 70% 에타놀(ethanol)로 탈수한 후 70% 에 타놀내에서 수술현미경하에 해부를 실시하여 표면처치법으로 위상차현미경을 사용하여 유 모세포의 양적인 손실도를 관찰하였으며 타측와우각은 35%, 50%, 70%, 95%, 100% 에타놀 에 탈수시켜 Epon 812에 포매하여 block을 만든 후 Spoendlin 및 Brun(1974)의 표면절편 법(surface block technic)에 의해서 Hitachi HU-11E형 전자현미경으로 유모세포를 관찰 하였다. 실험성적 및 결론 소음과 kanamycin의 단독 또는 병합처치가 내이유모세포에 미치는 영향에 관한 일련의 실험을 통해서 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 90dB의 소음단독노출군에서는 주로 기저회전의 외유모세포에서 가장 심한 손상을 받 으며 첨단회전으로 갈수록 병변이 경미하였으나 내유모세포의 손상은 발견할 수 없었다. 2. Kanamycin 단독처치군에서는 전회전의 외유모세포에서 손상이 있었으며 특히 기저회 전에서 심하였으나 내유모세포의 병변은 첨단회전 부위에서 관찰되었다. 3. 단독처치군에 있어서는 유모세포는 실험 제 3주까지는 거의 병변이 관찰되지 않았으 나 병합처치군에서는 실험 제 3주군에서도 이미 유모세포의 병변을 볼 수 있었으며 이개 반응검사에 있어서도 대다수 예에서 음성이었다. 4. 병합처치군에서는 실험 제 3주에서 벌써 전회전에 걸친 외유모세포의 손상을 보였으 며 제 3회전 및 첨단회전에서 내유모세포의 팽윤 및 의곡이 관찰되었는데 이러한 병변은 같은 양상으로 실험 제 6주에서 더욱 심하였다. 5. 전자현미경소견에 있어서 소음단독노출군에서는 사립체의 변성 및 증식과 소포체의 확장이 주로 관찰되었으며 kanamycin 단독처치군에서는 위의 소견 외에도 lysosome과 세 포질내의 소포 및 공포의 출현을 볼 수 있었고 그 정도는 kanamycin의 투여량이 증가함에 따라서 더욱 심하였다. 6. 병합처치군에서는 미세구조의 변화가 더욱 극심하여 위의 단독처치군에서 보는 소견 외에도 소포체의 확장이 더욱 뚜렷하여 소보체 주위에도 많은 공포가 형성되고 세포질내 의 공포도 증가하였으며 결국에는 소피판의 변형과 아울러 감각모의 소실이 초래되어 유 모세포는 현저히 변성된 것으로 관찰되었다. 이상과 같은 소견들은 소음환경하에서의 항생제 투여는 단독투여보다 내이유모세포에 더욱 심한 병변을 초래하는 것을 입증한 것으로 사려된다. [영문] Exposure to intense noise or large dosages of ototoxic antibiotic drags are known to cause hair cell damage in the organ of Corti. This has been studied both clinically and in animal experiments, (Dayal 1971) and it has been established that the sensory cell and subsequent neural degeneration are the main histologic findings. (Lim 1976) The nature of the ototoxic effect of various antibiotic drugs has been investigated since Hinshaw and Feldman (1945) described the ototokicity of dihydrostrepomycin and since Hamberger and Hyden (1945), the ototoxic effect of noise has also been described. Although the mechanism of insult is different between noise and antibiotic ototoxicity, the end result in both is sensory cell degeneration and subsequent sensorineural hearing loss. The changes in submicroscopic structures of sensory cells as a end result include proliferation and vacuolization of endoplamic reticulum, swelling of mitochondria, fusion of the sensory hairs, softening of the cuticular plate, excessive cuticle formation, and lysosomes at the top portion of the cell (Lim and Melnick 1975, Lim 1976). These findings would imply that the high energy yielding enzyme systems are rendered inoperative in these cells, resulting in cell degeneration. With this knowledge about the alteration of fine structures of sensory cells, the present geries of experiments was designed to assess the combined effect of noise and kanamycin to the hair cells of Corti's organ morphologically, postulating that kanamycin injection of long duration would bring about more severe sensory cell damage under an environment of machinery noise as a combined effect than that in a quiet environment. Materials and Metheds As experimental animals, the author used 32 healthy guinea pigs, around 200gm, which had not been exposed to noise and ototoxic drugs, and then the experimental animals were divided into 8 groups as follows. Normal Control Group Group 1…………Saline injection…………………………………………4 guinea pigs Single Treated Group Group 2…………90 dB noise exposure……………………………………4 guinea pigs Group 3…………Kanamycin 15 mg/kg injection…………………………4 guinea pigs Group 4…………Kanamycin 50 mg/kg injection…………………………4 guinea pigs Group 5…………Kanamycin 100 mg/kg injection……………………… 4 guinea pigs Dobule Treated Group Group 6…………90 dB noise and kanamycin 15 mg/kg injection……4 guinea pigs Group 7…………90 dB noise and kanamycin 50 mg/kg injection……4 guinea pigs Group 8…………90 dB noise and kanamycin 10 mg/kg injection……4 guinea pigs The intensity of noise (90 dB) was applicable to the average machinery noise of a textile factory (Cha, 1975) and the animals were exposed during 6 hours every day. Kanamycin was injected intramuscularly once every day and the animals were checked weekly for the Preyer reflex to observe the change of hearing. Two animals in each group were sacorificed three weeks after beginning the experiment, the remaining two animals six week later. The obtained cochlea was fixed directly with 3% glutaraldehyde solution, and washed with 1% cacodylate buffer solution, and then fixed again with 1% osmium tetraoxide phosphate buffer solution. Following fixation, one side of the cochlea was dehydrated in 35%, 50%, and 70% ethanol. This specimen was dissected in 70% ethanol for a surface preparation technic. The author observed the hair call surface under a phase contrast microscope (A/O Series 10 phase micros-cope). Simultancously, the other side of the cochlea was dehydrated in graded ethanol and embedded in Epon 812 for electron microscopic examination of hair cells by surface block technic(Spoendlin and Brun, 1974). Results and Conclusions 1. Sensory cell degeneration in the noise only treated group was frequently observed in the outer hair cells of the basal turn and was observed less often in the apical turn. Inner hair cells were relatively undamaged in all cochear turns. 2. Sensory cell degeneration in the kanamycin only treated group was frequently observed in apical turn, damage of the inner hair cells was observed. 3. In single treated 3 week experimental groups, sensory cell degeneration was almost not observed. However sensory cell degeneration of the double treated groups in the same period was marked and the Preyer reflex was also almost negative. 4. Sensory cell degeneration in the double treated 3 week experimental groups was already observed in the outer hair cells of all cochlear turns. Swelling and distortion of the sensory cells was also observed in the inner hair cell in the third and apical turns. Sensory cell degeneration in the double treated 6 week experimental groups was more severe but with the same type of damage. 5. The electron microscopic examinations revealed mild proliferation and degeneration of mitochondria, and proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum in the noise only treated group. In the kanamycin toxic ear, the author observed not only above the mentioned findings but also vesicles, vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and appearance of lysosomes. The degree of severity in alteration of fine structures was in proportion to the injected amount of kanamycin. 6. In the double treated group, the alteration of fine structures of the hair cells was extremely severe. The electron microscopic examination revealed marked dilation and vacuolization of the endoplasmic reticulum, vacuole filled cytoplasm, a deformed cuticular plate and the loss of the sensory hairs. In summing up the above results, when antibiotic drugs ware used under a noisy environment, the author confirmed that the sensory cell degeneration appeared more severely from the combined effects than that with the single treatment.restrictio

First-Principle 계산을 활용한 SiVCrMn0.3Fe0.5CoNi 7원계의 조성과 온도에 따른 Intrinsic Stacking Fault Energy Map 구축 및 Transformation Induced Plasticity 영역 예측

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Phosphorus clustering behavior in silicon from First-Principles calculations

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