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    ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์šด๋™ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ์„ฑ๋งˆ๋น„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ฒด์œก๊ต์œก๊ณผ, 2018. 2. ์ด์šฉํ˜ธ.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์šด๋™ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ์„ฑ๋งˆ๋น„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ ฅ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” S์‹œ์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ดˆ, ์ค‘, ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต์— ์žฌํ•™์ค‘์ธ ๋‡Œ์„ฑ๋งˆ๋น„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„(GMFCS Levelโ… ~โ…ข) ์ด 18๋ช…์„ ํŽธ์˜ํ‘œ์ง‘(convenience sampling)ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ค‘์žฌ์ง‘๋‹จ 10๋ช…๊ณผ ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ 8๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ค‘์žฌ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ 6์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ์ด 24ํšŒ ์‹ค์‹œํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์šด๋™ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์€ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ์ฒ™๋„๋กœ, ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ ฅ์€ GMFM D์˜์—ญ๊ณผ E์˜์—ญ, BOT-2 Short form์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ œ 2์š”์ธ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ด์› ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ธก์ •๋ถ„์‚ฐ๋ถ„์„(Two-way ANOVA with repeated measure on the 2nd factor)๊ณผ ๊ณต๋ณ€๋Ÿ‰๋ถ„์„(Analysis of Covariance)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ „์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ค‘์žฌ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(p<.05). ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฒซ์งธ, ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์ ๊ณผ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„์˜์—ญ ๋ชจ๋‘์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทผ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์†Œ๊ทผ์šด๋™์กฐ์ ˆ, ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ด์ ์ˆ˜์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ์† ํ˜‘์‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜์ง‘๋‹จ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ „์‚ฌํ›„ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€, ์‹ ์ฒดํ˜‘์‘๊ณผ ๊ทผ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ๋ฏผ์ฒฉ์„ฑ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์šด๋™ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋‡Œ์„ฑ๋งˆ๋น„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ ฅ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๋™์กฐํ™” ๋ฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋งฅ๋ฝ์  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์šด๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ๋‡Œ์„ฑ๋งˆ๋น„ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์™€ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒดํ™œ๋™ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค.The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of rhythmic exercise program on physical self-efficacy(PSE) and motor performance abilities of adolescents with cerebral palsy. For this, 18 participants(GMFCS levelโ… ~โ…ข) with cerebral palsy who were elementary, middle and high school students living in S city were recruited using convenience sampling and were assigned to experimental group(n=10) and control group(n=8). The experimental group participated in rhythmic exercise program for 6-week 24 session 120 minutes. Data were collected using physical self-efficacy scale for PSE and GMFM dimensions D and E, BOT-2 Short form for motor performance abilities. The study employed pretest-posttest control group design. Two-way ANOVA with repeated measure on 2nd factor and ANCOVA were used to determine the effects of intervention program(p<.05). The results were as follows. First, PSE score and the score of each the subscale of the PSE(physical self-presentation confidence, perceived physical ability) are improved significantly(p<.05). Second, GMFM dimensions D and E, Goal total score(D+E), Fine manual control and Total point score of motor performance represented significant improvement(p<.05). Third, Manual coordination showed significant increase in the experimental group. Body coordination and Strength and agility showed the tendency of improvement. These results indicated that rhythmic exercise program was effective in improving the PSE and motor performance abilities of adolescents with cerebral palsy. In conclusion, these study finding suggest that rhythmic exercise program with an emphasis on the effects of entrainment and context-based activity can be physical activity making fun and motivation.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ 1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์  4 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค 5 4. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  5 5. ์šฉ์–ด์˜ ์ •์˜ 6 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 7 1. ๋‡Œ์„ฑ๋งˆ๋น„ 7 2. ๋‡Œ์„ฑ๋งˆ๋น„์™€ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ 14 3. ๋‡Œ์„ฑ๋งˆ๋น„์™€ ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ ฅ 25 4. ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์šด๋™ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 29 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 33 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž 33 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ฐจ 35 3. ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 37 4. ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์šด๋™ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ 47 5. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ 55 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 56 1. ์ค‘์žฌ์ง‘๋‹จ๊ณผ ํ†ต์ œ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ๋™์งˆ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ • 56 2. ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 58 3. ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 62 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ 71 1. ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์šด๋™ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ž๊ธฐํšจ๋Šฅ๊ฐ ๋ณ€ํ™” 71 2. ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ์šด๋™ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ์šด๋™์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™” 74 โ…ฅ. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ธ 81 1. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  81 2. ์ œ์–ธ 82 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 84 Abstract 102Maste

    A Case of Spontaneous Pneumoperitoneum Associated with Idiopathic Intestinal Pseudoobstruction

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    Pneumoperitoneum, free intra-abdominal air, usually results from the perforation of a hollow viscous. In approximately 10% of cases, however, pneumoperitoneum is not caused by gastrointestinal perforation. These cases of "spontaneous pneumoperitoneum" generally follow more benign course and may not require surgical intervention. Examples include cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), malrotation, mechanical ventilator support, gynecologic manipulation, blunt abdominal trauma, and chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction in infancy (Sieber syndrome). But, it is extremely rare of spontaneous pneumoperitoneum secondary to idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstuction in adult. We herein report a patient with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudoobstuction who developed a pneumoperitoneumope

    Validation of Rome III Criteria in the Diagnosis of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Korean Patients

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    Background/Aims: We investigated the validation of Rome III criteria for diagnosis of functional gastrointestinal disorders in Koreans. Methods: Total of 157 patients who visited our hospital in the first time were enrolled. They filled out the Rome III diagnostic questionnaires of ROME Foundation. We evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of Rome III criteria in discriminating functional gastrointestinal disorders from organic diseases. Factor analysis was used to identify symptom clusters of the patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Results: The percentage of organic or functional disorders was 12% (19 patients) and 88% (138 patients) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of Rome III criteria in discriminating functional gastrointestinal disorders from organic diseases for upper gastrointestinal tract was 60% and 53% each, and for lower gastrointestinal tract was 80% and 50% each. The percentage of overlap syndrome of functional gastrointestinal disorders was 49%. Twelve factors were detected except functional dysphagia, mixed-irritable bowel syndrome, proctalgia fugax in factor analysis. Conclusions: The Rome III criteria could be applied to Korean patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. The Rome III criteria in the diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal tract in Korean was found to be relatively sensitive.ope

    Correlation between Clinical Symptoms and Radiologic Findings before and after Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation for Achalasia

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    Background/Aims: We investigated the risk factors for short-term recurrence and analyzed the correlation between subjective clinical symtoms and objective radiological findings in patients with achalasia undergoing pneumatic balloon dilatation. Methods: Twenty patients who were treated by pneumatic balloon dilatation were enrolled. We compared prospectively various indices before and after the treatment as follows: 1) Eckardt symptom score and dysphagia grade, 2) The ratio of the maximal width in mid-esophageal lumen to the minimal width in distal esophagus around lower esophageal sphincter, and 3) the percentage of maximum activity retained in the esophagus at 30 seconds and Tยฝ in esophageal scan two days after the treatment. Results: 1) Clinical indices and radiologic indices significantly improved after pneumatic dilatation. 2) There was no significant correlation between the clinical indices and the radiologic indices before and after the treatment. 3) The difference percentage of clinical indices did not show significant correlation with the difference percentage of the radiologic indices. 4) Compared to the group above 20% in the difference percentage of 30 second residual fraction, the one below 20% had a four-fold risk in short-term recurrence. Conclusions: Clinical symptoms and radiologic indices significantly improve after pneumatic dilatation but have no significant correlation to each other. The group below 20% in the difference percentage of 30 second residual fraction has a high risk of recurrence and may need careful examination and early repeated pneumatic dilationope

    Development of performance measurement indicators for nursing on delivery units

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    ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ Kaplan๊ณผ Norton(1992)์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผํ‘œ(BSC; Balanced Scorecard)๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋…์  ํ‹€๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค.์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์€ ์ผ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›์˜ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฌ์ถ•๊ณผ์ •์€ 5๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ์„œ 1๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” BSC๊ตฌ์ถ• ์ค€๋น„๋‹จ๊ณ„, 2๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ „๋žต์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ ๋„์ถœ, 3๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ ํ™•์ธ, 4๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„ ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ฑ๊ณผ์ง€ํ‘œ ์„ ์ •, 5๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ ํ™•์ •์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘์€ ๊ฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„๋กœ 2005๋…„ 9์›” 27์ผ์—์„œ 10์›”31์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌธํ—Œ๊ณ ์ฐฐ๊ณผ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ž๋ฌธ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์ „์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์‹ค๋ฌด์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ 3์ฐจ๋ก€ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์ „๋žต์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผํ‘œ์˜ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด๋‹ด๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์ˆ˜์ต์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ, ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๋ช…์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์˜ ์งˆ ํ–ฅ์ƒ, ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๋žต ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ช…์ธ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ฌธ์ง์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.2. ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„ ์‚ฌ๋ช…์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ „๋žต ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ด€์ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 2๊ฐœ, ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 4๊ฐœ, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 6๊ฐœ, ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฌด ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ โ€˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์ต ์ฆ๊ฐ€์œจโ€™ โ€˜๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋น„์šฉ ๊ฐ์†Œ์œจโ€™, ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ โ€˜๊ณ ๊ฐ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„โ€™ โ€˜ํ™˜์ž ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์™€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜โ€™ โ€˜๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ ์ˆ˜โ€™ โ€˜๊ณ ๊ฐ์œ ์น˜์œจโ€™, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ โ€˜์ง์ ‘๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‹œ๊ฐ„โ€™ โ€˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์ธ๋ ฅ ๋น„์œจโ€™ โ€˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ•œ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜โ€™ โ€˜๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์˜ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฑด์ˆ˜โ€™ โ€˜๊ด€๋ จ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์ ์ˆ˜โ€™ โ€˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฑด์ˆ˜โ€™์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ โ€˜๊ต์œก ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ๊ฑด์ˆ˜โ€™ โ€˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„โ€™๋กœ์„œ ์ด 14๊ฐœ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.3. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋œ ์˜ˆ๋น„์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฌธ, ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์ „์ˆ˜์˜ ํ•ฉ์˜๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ™•์ •๋œ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ง€ํ‘œ๋Š” ๊ณ ๊ฐ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ โ€˜๊ณ ๊ฐ ์œ ์น˜์œจโ€™ โ€˜๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ฑด์ˆ˜โ€™์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธ์‹œ์ผœ ์žฌ๋ฌด๊ด€์  2๊ฐœ, ๊ณ ๊ฐ๊ด€์  3๊ฐœ, ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—…๋ฌด ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 5๊ฐœ, ํ•™์Šต๊ณผ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ 2๊ฐœ๋กœ ์ตœ์ข… 12๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๊ท ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผํ‘œ(BSC)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ W๋ณ‘์› ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ๋‹จ์œ„ ๋ถ„๋งŒ์‹ค์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€์˜ ํ‹€์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ ์˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜€๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]This study was a methodogical study conducted to develop performance measurement indicators for nursing on delivery units. It was based of the Balanced Scorecard developed by Kaplan and Norton (1992).The delivery room of a general hospital was selected for the study. The study was conducted in five phases: 1) preparation phase, 2) design of questionnaire toestablish strategic goals, 3) set strategic goals for nursing on delivery units, 4) development of preliminary performance indicators for nursing on delivery units and 5) finalize performance indicators for delivery nurses. Data were collected through a literature review and in-depth interviews during the period from September 27 through October 31, 2005, and strategic goals were set for nursing on delivery units. Before performance measurement indicators were finalized advice from experts and the working-level group, delivery room nurses, were incorporated with strategic goals and the feasibility of indicators was verified.Study results are summarized as follows:1. Strategic goals for nursing on delivery units were identified through in-depth interviews conducted according to the four perspectives in the Balanced Scorecard and for current goals being pursued. From the customer perspective, the importance of nursing care was emphasized. From the internal business perspective, improvement in nursing care service was the focus. From thelearning & growth perspective, improvement in the ability of nurses was emphasized. Thus strategic goals focused on improving nursing care service to provide patient-oriented nursing care.2. As a result, two performance measurement indicators were developed for the financial perspective: rate of nursing revenue growth and rate of manageable cost reduction. Four performance measurement indicators were developed for the customer perspective: patient satisfaction, rate of explanation of treatment and nursing care plansto patients and their families, patient''s evaluation score for nurse image and rate of customer attraction. Six performance measurement indicators were developed for internal business perspective: time consumed for direct nursing care, ratio of nurses to total employees, the number of nursing accidents, the number of incidences in which nursing care solved problems, the number of incidences to which the protocols were applied and co-workers'' evaluation score for nurse image. Two performance measurement indicators were developed for the learning & growth perspective: the number of participation in training and research activities and nurse job satisfaction. A total of 14 preliminary performance measurement indicators were developed3. The feasibility of these preliminary performance measurement indicators was verified through consultation with experts and discussions with delivery room nurses. Given its low feasibility, the indicator of "rate of customer attraction" was removed, bringing total number of indicators to 13.It was meaningful to identify directions in which nurses should move to offer patient-oriented nursing care by developing goals and performance measurement indicators for nursing on delivery units based on the BSC. The study established strategies for nursing in the delivery room of W hospital for better adaptation to the changing medical environment. The performance measurement indicators developed in this study can be used as a tool for objective and impartial performance measurement and to promote interest in the performance of nurses in the delivery room.ope

    ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ค‘ํ•™๊ต ๋ฐ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์™€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ž ์˜์–ด๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ถ„์„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์‚ฌ๋ฒ”๋Œ€ํ•™ ์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๊ต์œก๊ณผ(์˜์–ด์ „๊ณต),2020. 2. ์˜ค์„ ์˜.๋‘˜, ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์Šต๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์–ด๋Š”, ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฐ์ถœ๊ณผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ์œ ์ฐฝ์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์–ธ์–ด์  ์š”์†Œ์ธ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ์–ด๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•˜์œ„ ์œ ํ˜•์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ์–ด๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์–ธ์–ด ์ƒ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์›๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” Sinclair์˜์ˆ™์–ด์  ์›๋ฆฌ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ํ™”์ž๋Š” ์˜์–ด ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์ด ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹  ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์งœ์—ฌ์ง„ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ˆ™์–ด์  ์›๋ฆฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ์˜์–ด์—์„œ ํฐ ๋น„์œจ์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ์Šต๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ํ™”์ž๋Š” ์ด๋“ค ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ด๋“ค์„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์–ต/์–ดํœ˜์žฅ์— ๊นŠ์ด ๊ฐ์ธ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์ž๋™ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ๋‹จ์–ด ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ธ ์–ดํœ˜๋งŒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์–ธ์–ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œํŽธ, ์—ฐ์–ด๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ ์ฐฉํ™”๋œ ์ˆ™์–ด์  ํ‘œํ˜„๊ณผ, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž„์˜์  ์„ ํƒ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ž์œ  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ •ํ˜•์„ฑ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ ์ •ํ˜•ํ™” ํ‘œํ˜„์ธ ๋™์‹œ์— ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ํญ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ์• ๋งคํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์  ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์—ฐ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๋น„์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ์–ดํœ˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ ์ง“๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์ด์ž, ์ œ2์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์€ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์ƒ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด ์–ดํœ˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์€ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋‹จ์–ด ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก๋งŒ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒ€์ • ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์ง€์นจ์€ ์–ดํœ˜์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”, ์–ดํœ˜ ๋ชฉ๋ก์˜ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ํฌํ•จ๋ฅ (coverage)๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์–ดํœ˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์–ดํœ˜ ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์–ดํœ˜์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚œ์ด๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ํ™œ์šฉํ•ด ์™”์œผ๋‚˜, ์—ฐ์–ด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋งž์ถ˜ ์ธก์ •๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ ์˜์–ด ๊ต์‹ค์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์ฃผ ์–ธ์–ด ์ž…๋ ฅ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘โˆ™๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์˜์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์™€, ์ •๊ทœ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฐ์ถœ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์‹ ์ž…์ƒ ์˜์ž‘๋ฌธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ EFL ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ์ž…๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์–ธ์–ด ์‚ฐ์ถœ ๋‚ด ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ๊ด€์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค์—์„œ ๊ฐ ๋‹จ์–ด์˜ ํ™•๋ฅ ์  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ์—ฐ์–ด๋กœ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์  ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ทจํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„์„์—๋Š” ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค์  ์ ‘๊ทผ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ๋Š”, 2015 ๊ฐœ์ • ์ค‘โˆ™๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต 8์ข… ์˜์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋‚ด ์ฝ๊ธฐ ์ง€๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์—ฐ์„ธ ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค(YELC)๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์–ธ์–ด ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ์–ด์„ฑ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ฐธ์กฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—, ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด ์–ธ์–ด ์Šต๋“ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด ์ž…๋ ฅ์ด์ž ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์˜์–ด์˜ ์—ฐ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋‘ ๋Œ€์ƒ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์–‘์ƒ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ •๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฐ์–ด ๋ฐ€๋„, ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋น„์œจ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜, ๊ฐ ์—ฐ์–ด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฅ , ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด๋‹น ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ์  ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์–ธ์–ด์  ๋ณ€์ธ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ๋ช…์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ต์–ด๋กœ, ๋™์‚ฌ, ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ, ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์—ฐ์–ด์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ˜• ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์—ฐ์–ด(VNC), ํ˜•์šฉ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ˜• ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์—ฐ์–ด(ANC), ๋ช…์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ˜• ๋ช…์‚ฌ ์—ฐ์–ด(NNC)์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋‚ด ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ์–‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์  ๋น„์œจ์ธ ์—ฐ์–ด ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋ณด๋‹ค VNC, ANC๊ฐ€ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ ๋‚ด ๋น„๊ต์  ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜์˜ ์—ฐ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ฐ์–ด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ์œ ํ˜• ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์ง€๋ฌธ์ด ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ VNC์™€ ANC ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ๋น„์œจ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋น„๊ต์  ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ฐ์–ด ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋น„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ „์ฒด ์—ฐ์–ด ๊ฐœ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๋†’์€ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ์„œ์˜ ํŠน์ง•์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด, ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๋‚ด์—์„œ VNC์™€ ANC๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์—ฐ์–ด๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ ํ™•๋ฅ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์—ฐ์–ด๋“ค๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์ฐธ์กฐ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค์— ๋น„ํ•ด, ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์—ฐ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ํŽธํ–ฅ๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ฐ์–ด์  ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ฐ ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ•๋„์™€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋นˆ๋„ ๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์— ๋น„๋ก€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์—ฐ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ๋นˆ๋„๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชฉํ‘œ ์—ฐ์–ด์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋œ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋‚˜ ์นœ์ˆ™๋„๋กœ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋นˆ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์—ฐ์–ด๋“ค์ด ์ด์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด ํ•™์Šต ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ•™์ƒ ํ•™์Šต์ž ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, VNC์™€ ANC๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๊ธธ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋†’์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ, NNC๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋นˆ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ํ•™์Šต์ž๋„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ํ•˜์œ„ ์œ ํ˜•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋นˆ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์–ด ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, VNC์™€ ANC๋Š” ํ…์ŠคํŠธ ๊ธธ์ด์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ฐ์–ด ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, NNC์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ์–ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•๋„๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž ํ…์ŠคํŠธ์—์„œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ์ฐธ์กฐ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์—ฐ์–ด๋“ค์€ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์— ์ƒ์‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์—ฐ์–ด๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์กฐํ•ฉ์— ํ•œ์ •๋œ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜ ์ œํ•œ๋œ ์—ฐ์–ด ์ง€์‹์„ ๋‚˜ํƒœ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—, ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์—ฐ์–ด๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์˜ˆ์ธก์ด ์–ด๋ ต๊ณ  ํ‰์†Œ ์–ธ์–ด ์ž…๋ ฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ์ถœ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์ ์–ด ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ๊ด€์€ ํ•™์Šต์ž ๋˜ํ•œ ์›์–ด๋ฏผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์™€ ํ•™์Šต์ž์˜์–ด ๊ธ€์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ์—ฐ์–ด ์–‘์ƒ์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ต์œก์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ์–‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฐ์–ด ํ•ญ๋ชฉ์˜ ์ œ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์›์–ด๋ฏผ์˜ ์ฝ”ํผ์Šค ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์ •ํ˜•ํ™”๋œ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ , ๋ถ„ํฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์˜์–ด ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๋‚˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ํ•™์Šต์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ํ•™์Šต์ž๋‚˜ ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์—ฐ์–ด์— ์ง‘์ค‘๋œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์›์–ด๋ฏผ ํ™”์ž๋Š” ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ค‘-์ € ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๊ฐ•๋„๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๊ณ ๋ฃจ ์ง€๋„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์—ฐ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋นˆ๋„์™€ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€์„ ๋†’์ž„์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์—ฐ์–ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.Collocation, the habitual word association, has been thought of as a large and significant component of native speakers language production. As with its pervasiveness in natural English, the idiomaticity of collocation explains its usefulness as a readily available word sequence. Referred to as semi-preconstructed phrases that constitute single choice (Sinclair, 1991, p. 110), collocation is known to have a pivotal role in achieving native-like fluency, to which native speakers develop their sensitivity through extensive and intensive exposures to language input. EFL learners, however, often face challenges with this lexical category, due to a lack of exposure to authentic collocations. And yet very little is known how collocations are represented in the major source of language input in the EFL classrooms. Thus, there is a need to understand various aspects of collocation use in the English learning materials, especially in the curriculum-based English textbooks used in most of the Korean EFL English classes. Moreover, much uncertainty still exists about how Korean EFL students would use collocations after years of English learning through textbooks. Therefore, the present study will explore the collocation use in the middle and high school English textbook and Korean EFL college learners writings. Employing the Firthian notion of collocation, the present study identifies collocations based on the statistical measure and has investigated the use of collocations in the middle and high school English textbook and Korean EFL college learner writing corpora regarding four distributional patterns; collocation density, diversity, repetition rate, and association strength. Furthermore, in order to complement a single-word level wordlist based on the 2015 National English Curriculum in Korea, 1,718 words from the newly revised curriculum wordlist were used as head nouns. Also, three types of collocation were specified as a target of analysis; verb-noun collocation (VNC), noun-noun collocation (NNC), and adjective-noun collocation (ANC). First, collocation use in the textbook corpus was examined. As for collocation density, the result shows that the textbook corpus presents a significantly larger body of VNCs and ANCs than in the reference corpus, indicating that Korean learners would be exposed to a relatively higher proportion of collocational input from the textbook materials. No significant difference was found in the use of NNCs. Second, the analysis of collocation diversity reveals that in textbook materials, more variety of collocation repertoire is presented given the text length; the diversity rate gives higher marks for VNCs and ANCs in the textbook corpus than in native baseline, while showing no significant difference for NNCs. The higher collocation density and diversity of VNCs and ANCs together can be seen as the extensive collocation use in language input. Next, all three subtypes are found to be markedly less repetitive in textbook materials than in the reference corpus. While collocations are highly recurrent phenomena in the native corpus, the textbook materials tend to introduce a larger body of diverse items without due repetition, compromising the collocational formulaicity. Lastly, while the estimated association strength of collocations in the target corpus is found to be generally higher, collocations at low-mid level association strength are relatively scarce in comparison to native reference data. Furthermore, a correlation between association measure and frequency level of individual collocations in the target corpus is weaker than in the reference corpus. This result indicates that in the textbook materials, the frequency of co-occurrence is far less predictive of the association strength, and thus learners are not likely to benefit from frequency effects that would help them to distinguish between a wide range of associative strengths or to consolidate memory traces of stronger associations. Regarding the second major research question, the present study examines Korean EFL college learners writings. In learners production, VNCs and ANCs occur more frequently than in the reference corpus. Exceptional is the density of NNCs, which have shown a significantly lower density in the learner corpus. When it comes to collocation diversity, learner writing presents a larger number of collocation types with VNCs and ANCs, but not with NNCs. From the result, heavier reliance on VNCs and ANCs and the contrastingly underrepresented NNCs are hypothesized as a distinctive pattern of non-native-like collocation use. The third variable, the repetition, has shown that the repetition rate of VNCs and ANCs is markedly lower, and that of NNCs higher in the learner writings than those in the reference corpus. Lastly, when examining association strength, learner writings have shown significantly higher association scores than the reference corpus does. The result indicates that learners collocation repertoire may be limited to more typical and likely associations, falling short of the knowledge of the less predictable associations at low-mid level strength. Furthermore, a weaker correlation between association measure and frequency level of individual collocations in the learner corpus suggests that learners use of collocation only weakly correspond to the association strength, and the distributional patterns of collocation use in learner writings may deviate from that in the native data. These findings provide meaningful implications for collocation learning in the Korean EFL context. First, the present study supports the view of more is less in that the intensity of collocation use, the formulaic nature of repeated co-occurrence, may have been compromised by the extensive coverage of a larger number of collocations in the current Korean textbook materials. To represent authentic collocational distribution, it is thus recommended to increase the number of repetitions given to each lexical combination. Next, the current data also suggest that learners' sensitivity to a collocational relationship could be fostered if there is more correspondence between the level of co-occurrence frequency of collocational input and the association strength. Furthermore, pedagogical attention is called for to address learners restrictive collocational repertoire which we found to be highly limited to stronger associations. Lastly, there is a definite need for differentiated instructions on specific subtypes which could be particularly challenging for learners (ie., NNCs).CHAPTER๏ผ‘. INTRODUCTION 1 ๏ผ‘.๏ผ‘. Purpose of the Study 1 ๏ผ‘.๏ผ’. Research Questions 7 ๏ผ‘.๏ผ“. Organization of the Thesis 8 CHAPTER๏ผ’. LITERATURE REVIEW 9 ๏ผ’.๏ผ‘. Theoretical Approaches to Collocation 9 ๏ผ’.๏ผ‘.๏ผ‘. Frequency-based Approach 9 ๏ผ’.๏ผ‘.๏ผ’. Phraseological Approach 11 ๏ผ’.๏ผ‘.๏ผ“. Psychological Approach 12 ๏ผ’.๏ผ’. Corpus-based Analysis of Collocation 15 ๏ผ’.๏ผ’.๏ผ‘. Collocation Identification 15 ๏ผ’.๏ผ’.๏ผ‘.๏ผ‘. Approaches to Collocation Identification 15 ๏ผ’.๏ผ’.๏ผ‘.๏ผ’. Statistical Criteria for Collocation Identification 16 ๏ผ’.๏ผ’.๏ผ‘.๏ผ“. Classification of Collocation Subtypes 21 ๏ผ’.๏ผ’.๏ผ’. Distributional Variables of Collocation Use 23 ๏ผ’.๏ผ“. Collocation in English Teaching and Learning 29 ๏ผ’.๏ผ“.๏ผ‘. Collocation Use in English Teaching Materials 29 ๏ผ’.๏ผ“.๏ผ’. Collocations in Learner Writing 32 ๏ผ’.๏ผ“.๏ผ’.๏ผ‘. The Overuse and Underuse of Collocations 33 ๏ผ’.๏ผ“.๏ผ’.๏ผ’. Limited Collocation Diversity 35 ๏ผ’.๏ผ“.๏ผ’.๏ผ“. Weaker Association Strength 36 ๏ผ’.๏ผ“.๏ผ’.๏ผ”. Difference in Collocation Use by Subtypes 37 CHAPTER๏ผ“. METHODOLOGY 40 ๏ผ“.๏ผ‘. Corpora 40 ๏ผ“.๏ผ‘.๏ผ‘. A Reference Corpus 40 ๏ผ“.๏ผ‘.๏ผ’. Korean Middle and High School English Textbook Corpus 42 ๏ผ“.๏ผ‘.๏ผ“. Korean EFL College Students Writing Corpus 44 ๏ผ“.๏ผ’. Measures and Tools 45 ๏ผ“.๏ผ’.๏ผ‘. Statistical Criteria for Collocation Identification 45 ๏ผ“.๏ผ’.๏ผ’. Distributional Variables for Collocation Use 46 ๏ผ“.๏ผ’.๏ผ“. Statistical Analysis 49 ๏ผ“.๏ผ’.๏ผ”. Software 50 ๏ผ“.๏ผ“. Procedures 51 ๏ผ“.๏ผ“.๏ผ‘. Developing Reference Collocation Database for Korean EFL Learners 51 ๏ผ“.๏ผ“.๏ผ’. Collocation Identification and the Analysis of Collocation Use in Corpora 52 ๏ผ“.๏ผ”. The Collocation Database 53 CHAPTER๏ผ”. RESULTS 57 ๏ผ”.๏ผ‘. Collocation Use in the Korean Middle and High School English Textbook Corpus 57 ๏ผ”.๏ผ‘.๏ผ‘. Collocation Density 57 ๏ผ”.๏ผ‘.๏ผ’. Collocation Diversity 60 ๏ผ”.๏ผ‘.๏ผ“. Repetition Rate 62 ๏ผ”.๏ผ‘.๏ผ”. Association Strength 65 ๏ผ”.๏ผ’. Collocation Use in the Korean EFL College Students Writing Corpus 71 ๏ผ”.๏ผ’.๏ผ‘. Collocation Density 72 ๏ผ”.๏ผ’.๏ผ’. Collocation Diversity 74 ๏ผ”.๏ผ’.๏ผ“. Repetition Rate 76 ๏ผ”.๏ผ’.๏ผ”. Association Strength 77 CHAPTER๏ผ•. DISCUSSION 85 ๏ผ•.๏ผ‘. The Extensive Use of Collocations and Compromised Formulaicity in the Textbook Materials 85 ๏ผ•.๏ผ’. A Mismatch between the Collocation Use and Association Strength in the Textbook Materials 89 ๏ผ•.๏ผ“. The Extensive Use of Collocations in the Korean EFL Learner's Writings 91 ๏ผ•.๏ผ”. The Restricted Collocational Repertoire in the Korean EFL Learner's Writings 95 CHAPTER๏ผ–. CONCLUSIONS 100 ๏ผ–.๏ผ‘. Major Findings 100 ๏ผ–.๏ผ’. Theoretical and Pedagogical Implications 104 ๏ผ–.๏ผ’.๏ผ‘. Theoretical Implications 104 ๏ผ–.๏ผ’.๏ผ’. Pedagogical Implications 105 ๏ผ–.๏ผ“. Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research 108 REFERENCES 111 APPENDIX 124 ABSTRACT IN KOREAN 128Maste

    Conversation analysis on the rational communication between doctors and patients : in connection to Habermas' <universal pragmatics> : ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋งˆ์Šค์˜ <

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    ๋ณ‘์›ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€]2006๋…„ ์˜๋ฃŒ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜ํ•™ํšŒ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ต์œก์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋”์šฑ์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” โ€˜์˜์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์žโ€™๊ฐ„ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋งˆ์Šค๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„ํŒ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธํ™”์šฉ๋ก (ๆ™ฎ้่ฉฑ็”จ่ซ–)์œผ๋กœ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” โ€˜์˜์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์žโ€™๊ฐ„ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋งˆ์Šค์˜ ๋ณดํŽธํ™”์šฉ๋ก (ๆ™ฎ้่ฉฑ็”จ่ซ–)์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ โ€˜์˜์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์žโ€™๊ฐ„ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ โ€˜์˜์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์žโ€™๊ฐ„ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ถ„์„๋ฒ•(conversation analysis)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ โ€™์˜์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์žโ€˜๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€ํ™”์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ „์‚ฌ(transcript)ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์› ๋‚ด๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์˜ 3์ธ์˜ ์™ธ๋ž˜ ์ง„๋ฃŒ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๊ฐ ์˜์‚ฌ ๋ณ„๋กœ 3ํšŒ ๋…น์Œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด 61๋ก€์˜ ์—ํ”ผ์†Œ๋“œ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๊ทœ๋ฒ”์  ํ‹€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋งˆ์Šค์˜ ๋ณดํŽธํ™”์šฉ๋ก ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ธก๋ฉด์˜ ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ง„๋ฃŒ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์ƒํ˜ธ์ฃผ๊ด€์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ฆฝ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ 61๋ก€ ์ค‘ 26๋ก€(43%), ๋Œ€์ƒ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ง€์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” 14๋ก€(23%)๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. 2. ๋ฐœํ™”์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜์ (็™ผ่ฉฑ้šจไผด็š„)์ธ ํž˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ• ์ง“๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ์š”๊ตฌ ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ 9๋ก€(15%), ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์  ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ •ํ™•์„ฑ์€ 3๋ก€(5%)์—์„œ ์ง€์ผœ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํ™”์ž์˜ ์„ฑ์‹ค์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ช…์ œ์  ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ง„๋ฆฌ์„ฑ์ด ์œ„๋ฐฐ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 3. ๋ฐœํ™”ํ–‰์œ„ ์œ ํ˜•์˜ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์‚ฌ(ๆ„ๆ€็–้€š่ฉž)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” 10๋ก€(16%), ๊ทœ์ œ์‚ฌ(่ฆๅˆถ่ฉž) ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” 2๋ก€(3%)์—์„œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๋ณ€์‚ฌ(ไธ่ฎŠ่ฉž)์™€ ํ‘œํ˜„์‚ฌ(่กจ็พ่ฉž)๊ฐ€ ์ ์ ˆ์น˜ ๋ชป ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. 4. ๋ฐœํ™”ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” 7๋ก€(11%)๋กœ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•  ๋•Œ โ€˜์˜์‚ฌ-ํ™˜์žโ€™๊ฐ„ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์€ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์ด๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” (์˜ํ•™์  ์ง€์‹์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ท ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ) ์ผ๋ฐฉ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ง์ ์ธ ๋Œ€ํ™”์— ๊ทธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์€ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ™•์ธ์ด๋‚˜ ์™ธ์  ๋ช…๋ น์— ๊ทธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„ํ˜•์„ฑ์—๋„ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•œ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋กœ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํ˜ธ์ฃผ๊ด€์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช…๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐœํ™”(็™ผ่ฉฑ)๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ด๋˜๋„๋ก ์ „๋ฌธ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ’€์–ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐœํ™”ํ–‰์œ„(็™ผ่ฉฑ่กŒ็ˆฒ) ์œ ํ˜•์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋Œ€๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋ก ์„ ์ œ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์˜์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํ™˜์ž ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ™”ํ–‰์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The present study purposed to analyze โ€˜doctor-patientโ€™ communication through the research methodology of conversation analysis. For this study, we recorded three internistsโ€™ medical services for outpatients at a university hospital, and transcribed the records. As the methodology for analyzing collected data, we adopted Habermasโ€™ universal pragmatics. Based on Habermasโ€™ universal pragmatics, we suggested an analysis frame of four aspects, and analyzed the collected contents of conversation between the doctors and patients. In the results, the doctors and patients could not make an inter-subjective horizon, and many conversations with uncertain object level were observed. In addition, among the four types of validity demanded for basing illocutionary force, understandability and the accuracy of performative ability were not observed properly. With regard to the appropriate use of the type of speech act, we observed conversations in which the use of communicatives and regulatives was not appropriate, and opportunities for choosing and applying speech acts were applied disadvantageously to patients. According to the results of this study, doctor-patient communication is more one-way and vertical communication (due to imbalance in medical knowledge) than rational communication seeking agreement. Thus, it is considered necessary to make efforts to have desirable communication between the two groups.ope

    (A) cognitive-behavioral therapy of panic disorder : The effectiveness of the treatment and curative factors

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    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ๊ณตํ™ฉ์žฅ์•  ๋ฐ ๊ณตํ™ฉ๋ฐœ์ž‘์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ธ์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋งŽ์ด ํ–ฅ ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณต๋ฅ ๋„ ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ณตํ™ฉ์žฅ์• ์˜ ๋น„์•ฝ๋ฌผ์  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๋™๋ฐœ์ž‘์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ๊ต ์œก, ํ˜ธํก์กฐ์ ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์™„ํ›ˆ๋ จ, ๊ณตํ™ฉ์žฅ์• ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ถ€์ •์  ์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์ง€์น˜๋ฃŒ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ๋ฐ˜์‘ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์น˜๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•œ ์žฅ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์ €์ž๋Š” 1991๋…„ 10์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์ธ์ง€ ํ–‰ ๋™์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณตํ™ฉ์žฅ์•  ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์ž๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ธ์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค ์ œ๋กœ ๊ณตํ™ฉ์žฅ์•  ๋ฐ ์ž„์†Œ๊ณตํฌ ํšŒํ”ผํ–‰๋™์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ „, ํ›„์˜ ์ฆ์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž๊ฐ€ํ‰์ • ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ฒ™๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์ธ์ง€ ํ–‰๋™์น˜๋ฃŒ์—์„œ ํ™˜์ž ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค์„ Yalom์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์š”์†Œ ์„ค๋ฌธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹ค ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ „, ํ›„์— ๊ณตํ™ฉ์žฅ์•  ํ™˜์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ณตํ™ฉ์žฅ์• ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž ์„ธํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณต์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณผ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์จ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ์™„ํ™”๋˜ ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ค‘์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํšŒํ”ผํ–‰๋™์— ๋งŽ์€ ํ˜ธ์ „์„ ๋ณด ์˜€๋‹ค. ์น˜์œ ์ธ์ž๋กœ๋Š” ๋ณดํŽธ์„ฑ, ์ง‘๋‹จ์‘์ง‘๋ ฅ, ์‹ค์กด์  ์ž๊ฐ์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ์น˜์œ  ์ธ์ž๋กœ ํŒ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] A cognitive-behavioral therapy Program is being applied for Patients with panic disorder since October 1991. The four main components of the treatment are (1) education of patient, (2) somatic control exercise, (3) cognitive restructuring, (4) interoceptive reconditioning and exposure. Author examined the effectiveness of the treatment by comparing the scores of Patient Rated Anxiety Scale of before and after the treatment and by using Yalom's Curative Factor Questionnaire to find the curative factors of the treatment. The results were as follows. 1. Among the total of 24 subjects, 4 were female and 20 were male. The mean age of subjects was 37.29 years old, 87.50% of subjects were married and average education was 14 years. Age of onset varried from 17 to 49 and mean age of onset was 34.79 years old. 75.00% of subjects were accompanied with agoraphobia. 2. Total score of Patient Rated Anxiety Scale before treatment program was 86.63, of which the scores of endogenous anxiety and exogenous anxiety or phobia were 68.83 and 17.79. After 12 weeks of treatment program, the total score decreased to 48.71 and scores for endogenous anxiety and exogenous anxiety of phobia decreased to 39.21 and 9.50 which are statistically significant. 3. Although all the scores of the questions in Patient Rated Anxiety Scale showed statistically significant improvement after the treatment program, physical symptoms of respiratory system and cognitive symptoms particularly fear of dying or losing control showed higher improvement. 4. Among Yalom's curative factors, universality, group cohesiveness and existential factors showed high scores ; 26.37, 24.24 and 24.11. The subjects who showed much improvement whith our program scored high in altruism compared to those who did not show such improvement. 5. Within the treatment program, education about medication, physiology of anxiety and panic and cognitive restructuring were scored high by patients as therapeutic factors. The author concluded that cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective treatment modality for the treatment of panic disorder.restrictio

    ็นผ็บŒ็š„ ๅฅ‘็ด„้—œไฟ‚์˜ ่งฃๆญข์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) --์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ,2008.2.Docto

    ้›ปๅญๅŽปไพ†์˜ ๅฅ‘็ด„ๆณ•็š„ ๅ•้กŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ็ก็ฉถ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๋ฒ•ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฏผ๋ฒ•์ „๊ณต,2001.Maste
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