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    ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ ์„ค๊ณ„

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€(์ง€๋Šฅํ˜•์œตํ•ฉ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ๋ฐ•์žฌํฅ.What the manipulator can perform is determined by what the end-effectors, including the robotic hand, can do because it is the gateway that directly interacts with the surrounding environment or objects. In order for robots to have human-level task performance in a human-centered environment, the robotic hand with human-hand-level capabilities is essential. Here, the human-hand-level capabilities include not only force-speed, and dexterity, but also size and weight. However, to our knowledge, no robotic hand exists that simultaneously realizes the weight, size, force, and dexterity of the human hand and continues to remain a challenge. In this thesis, to improve the performance of the robotic hand, the modular robotic finger design with three novel mechanisms based on the musculoskeletal characteristics of the human hand was proposed. First, the tendon-driven robotic finger with intrinsic/extrinsic actuator arrangement like the muscle arrangement of the human hand was proposed and analyzed. The robotic finger consists of five different tendons and ligaments. By analyzing the fingertip speed while a human is performing various object grasping motions, the actuators of the robotic finger were separated into intrinsic actuators responsible for slow motion and an extrinsic actuator that performs the motions requiring both large force and high speed. Second, elastomeric continuously variable transmission (ElaCVT), a new concept relating to continuously variable transmission (CVT), was designed to improve the performance of the electric motors remaining weight and size and applied as an extrinsic actuator of the robotic finger. The primary purpose of ElaCVT is to expand the operating region of a twisted string actuator (TSA) and duplicate the force-velocity curve of the muscles by passively changing the reduction ratio according to the external load applied to the end of the TSA. A combination of ElaCVT and TSA (ElaCVT-TSA) is proposed as a linear actuator. With ElaCVT-TSA, an expansion of the operating region of electric motors to the operating region of the muscles was experimentally demonstrated. Finally, as the flexion/extension joints of the robotic finger, anthropomorphic rolling contact joint, which mimicked the structures of the human finger joint like tongue-and-groove, and collateral ligaments, was proposed. As compliant joints not only compensate for the lack of actuated degrees of freedom of an under-actuated system and improve grasp stability but also prevent system failure from unexpected contacts, various types of compliant joints have been applied to end-effectors. Although joint compliance increases the success rate of power grasping, when the finger wraps around large objects, it can reduce the grasping success rate in pinch gripping when dealing with small objects using the fingertips. To overcome this drawback, anthropomorphic rolling contact joint is designed to passively adjust the torsional stiffness according to the joint angle without additional weight and space. With the anthropomorphic rolling contact joint, the stability of pinch grasping improved.์—”๋“œ์ดํŒฉํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡๊ณผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํ†ต๋กœ๋กœ ๋งค๋‹ˆํ“ฐ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์€ ์—”๋“œ์ดํŽ™ํ„ฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์† ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์†์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์† ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํž˜-์†๋„, ์ž์œ ๋„๋งŒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์ฒด ์กฐ์ž‘์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์† ํŠน์„ฑ๋„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์† ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ, ํฌ๊ธฐ, ํž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์œ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋งŒ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์†์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆํ˜• ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์† ๊ทผ์œก ๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์žฌ/์™ธ์žฌ ๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ํž˜์ค„ ๊ตฌ๋™ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํž˜์ค„๊ณผ ์ธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์†๋™์ž‘ ๋ถ„์„์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์žฌ ๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ํฐ ํž˜์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์™ธ์žฌ ๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์˜ ๋ฌด๋‹จ ๋ณ€์†๊ธฐ Elastomeric Continuously Variable Transmission (ElaCVT) ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์˜ ์™ธ์žฌ ๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ElaCVT๋Š” ์„ ํ˜• ๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ์˜ ์ž‘๋™ ์˜์—ญ์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋‹จ์— ๊ฐ€ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ•˜์ค‘์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ์†๋น„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ํž˜-์†๋„ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„ ํ˜• ์•ก์ถ”์—์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ElaCVT์— ์ค„ ๊ผฌ์ž„ ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ElaCVT-TSA๋ฅผ ์ œ์•ˆ, ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตฝํž˜/ํŽผ์นจ ๊ด€์ ˆ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•œ ์œ ์—ฐ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„ ์ ‘์ด‰ ๊ด€์ ˆ (Anthropomorphic Rolling Contact joint)์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค. Anthropomorphic rolling contact joint๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ tongue-and-groove ํ˜•์ƒ๊ณผ collateral ligament๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€์ ˆ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์œ ์—ฐ ๊ด€์ ˆ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๊ด€์ ˆ์ด ํŽด์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ตฝํ˜€์ง„ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ๊ฐ•์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ๊ตฌ๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ด€์ ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ, ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด ํ•ด๋‹น ํŠน์ง• ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ํŽด๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์ ‘์ด‰์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์„ ๊ตฝํ˜€ ๊ฐ•์ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. Anthropomorphic rolling contact joint๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฝํผ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ ์œ ์—ฐ ๊ด€์ ˆ์ด pinch grasping์˜ ํŒŒ์ง€ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ž„์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 MOTIVATION: ROBOTIC HANDS 1 1.2 CONTRIBUTIONS OF THESIS 10 1.2.1 Intrinsic/Extrinsic Actuator arrangement 11 1.2.2 Linear actuator mimicking human muscle properties 11 1.2.3 Flexible rolling contact joint 12 2 ROBOTIC FINGER STRUCTURE WITH HUMAN-LIKE ACTUATOR ARRANGEMENT 13 2.1 ANALYSIS OF HUMAN FINGERTIP VELOCITY 14 2.2 THE ROBOTIC FINGER WITH INTRINSIC/EXTRINSIC ACTUATORS 18 2.2.1 The structure of proposed robotic finger 18 2.2.2 Kinematics of the robotic finger 20 2.2.3 Tendons and Ligaments of the proposed robotic finger 26 2.2.4 Decoupled fingertip motion in the sagittal plane 28 3 ELASTOMERIC CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION COMBINED WITH TWISTED STRING ACTUATOR 35 3.1 BACKGROUND & RELATED WORKS 35 3.2 COMPARISON OF OPERATING REGIONS 40 3.3 DESIGN OF THE ELASTOMERIC CONTINUOUSLY VARIABLE TRANSMISSION 42 3.3.1 Structure of ElaCVT 42 3.3.2 Design of Elastomer and Lateral Disc 43 3.3.3 Advantages of ElaCVT 48 3.4 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 50 3.4.1 Experimental Setup 50 3.4.2 Contraction with Fixed external load 50 3.4.3 Contraction with Variable external load 55 3.4.4 Performance variation of ElaCVT over long term usage 55 3.4.5 Specifications and Limitations of ElaCVT-TSA 59 4 ANTHROPOMORPHIC ROLLING CONTACT JOINT 61 4.1 INTRODUCTION: COMPLIANT JOINT 61 4.2 RELATED WORKS: ROLLING CONTACT JOINT 65 4.3 ANTHROPOMORPHIC ROLLING CONTACT JOINT 67 4.3.1 Fundamental Components of ARC joint 69 4.3.2 Advantages of ARC joint 73 4.4 TORSIONAL STIFFNESS EVALUATION 75 4.4.1 Experimental Setup 75 4.4.2 Design and Manufacturing of ARC joints 77 4.4.3 Torsional Stiffness Change according to Joint Angle and Twist Angle 79 4.5 TORSIONAL STIFFNESS WITH JOINT COMPRESSION FORCE DUE TO TNESION OF TENDONS 80 4.6 TORSIONAL STIFFNESS WITH LUBRICATION STRUCTURE 82 4.7 GRASPING PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF GRIPPERS WITH DIFFERENT ARC JOINTS 86 5 CONCLUSIONS 92 Abstract (In Korean) 107๋ฐ•

    On the Encoding Capacity of Human Motor Adaptation

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€, 2019. 2. ๋ฐ•์ข…์šฐ.๊ฐ€๋ณ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋™์—ญํ•™์˜ ์ ์‘์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šด๋™ ํ”ผ์งˆ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์€ ๋™์  ์›์†Œ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์ค‘์น˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๊ฐœ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ํ™”๋œ๋‹ค. ๋™์  ์›์†Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋™์—ญํ•™ ์ ์‘์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋™์  ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์ ์‘์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋งŽ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ๋•Œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์˜์กด ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค: ์ธ์ฝ”๋”ฉ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ํ•™์Šต ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹๋‹ค. ์œ„์น˜ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ›ˆ๋ จ ์–‘๊ณผ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์˜์กด ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํž˜์žฅ ๋ณต์žก์„ฑ์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์‚ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ์› ์šด๋™์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์บ์น˜ ํŠธ๋ผ์ด์–ผ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์› ์šด๋™ ์ค‘์— ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ถ”์ • ๋œ ํž˜์žฅ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์˜ ๋‘ ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ ๋œ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์  ์›์†Œ์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.Adaptation of human dynamics to variable environments is well-explained with the concept of the internal model. The internal model is generally parametrized by a combination of motor primitives inspired from the motor cortex neurons. A variety of representations for motor primitives exists, and each model has succeeded in describing certain characteristics of dynamics adaptation. However, the limitations of adaptation explained via the internal model or motor primitives has not been thoroughly addressed in the literature. In particular, the fundamental question of how internal model learning behaves in the presence of signal-dependent noise has yet to be addressed. In this thesis, we try to verify the following hypothesis: the larger the encoding space, the better the learning. At the position error level, we investigate how the amount of training and signal-dependent noise interact to adjust the complexity of the force ๏ฌeld. To experimentally validate our hypothesis, we perform a set of catch trials for continuous circular motions and quantitatively measure the force ๏ฌeld estimated by a humans internal model during the motion. The above two experimental results provide evidence in support of our proposed hypothesis. A simulation study based on a combination of motor primitives is also proposed to verify the experimental results and hypotheses.Abstract (English) i List of Figures vi 1 Introduction 1 2 Human Motor Control Preliminaries 6 2.1 Basic features of human movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2.1.1 Smooth bell-shaped velocity pro๏ฌle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1.2 Fitts law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.1.3 Two-thirds power law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2.2 Computational model for human motor control . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2.1 Optimization criterion on motor planning . . . . . . . . . . . 8 2.2.2 Signal-dependent noise : the minimum variance theory . . . 10 2.2.3 Optimal feedback control in motor coordination . . . . . . . 11 2.3 Human motor adaptation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2.3.1 Internal model : state representation of motor learning . . . 13 2.3.2 Combination of motor primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 iii 2.3.3 Gain encoding primitives for motor adaptation . . . . . . . . 16 2.3.4 Motor adaptation in circular movement . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.4 vBOT : robotic manipulandum for studying human motor control . 18 3 Rationale of the Study and Experimental Design 20 3.1 Making a movement versus maintaining a static posture . . . . . . 20 3.2 Experimental design and thesis statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 4 Results and Discussion 26 4.1 Trade-o๏ฌ€ between encoding capacity and signal dependent noise . . 26 4.1.1 Expansion of logic: encoding capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4.1.2 Experimental results for radial force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 4.1.3 Experimental results for tangential force . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.1.4 Discussion : radial force versus tangential force . . . . . . . 35 4.2 In๏ฌ‚uence of the mechanical factors during adaptation . . . . . . . . 37 4.2.1 Mechanical rebuttal for result analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.2.2 Experimental results and discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 4.3 Simulation results using motor primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.3.1 Problem de๏ฌnition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.3.2 Simulation results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 5 Experimental Methods 43 5.1 General task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 5.2 External force-๏ฌeld . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 5.3 Main experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5.3.1 Experiment 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 5.3.2 Experiment 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 iv 5.3.3 Experiment 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 5.4 Catch trial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5.4.1 Traditional catch trial for line movement . . . . . . . . . . . 50 5.4.2 New catch trial developed for continuous circular movement 51 6 Conclusion 53 Bibliography 54 Abstract (ํ•œ๊ธ€) 58Maste

    Trimetazidine์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜: ์ „๊ตญ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์•ฝํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™ ์•ฝํ•™๊ณผ, 2021. 2. ๊น€์€๊ฒฝ.๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ real-world data (RWD)๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‘๋˜๊ณ  ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ, RWD ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ real-world evidence๊ฐ€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์ธ ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ RWD๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œํŒ ํ›„ ๊ฐ์‹œ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณดํ—˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ž„์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ „ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ RWD๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜(Trimetazidine)์€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ ํ˜‘์‹ฌ์ฆ ์•ฝ์ œ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ, ๋น„๊ต์  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์•ฝ์ œ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์œผ๋‚˜ ์šด๋™์‹ค์กฐ, ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์šด๋™์žฅ์•  ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ๋˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋“œ๋ฌผ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ธ ์šด๋™์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์˜์•ฝ์ฒญ(European Medicines Agency)์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ์žฌํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์”จ๋ณ‘ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ๋Š” ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‹ํ’ˆ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ์•ˆ์ „์ฒ˜์˜ ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ตœ์‹ ์˜ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์ •๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ๊ด€๋ จ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ณด๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์˜์กด๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ธ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ฌผ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜๊ณต๋‹จ์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ณผ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜๊ณต๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” 14๋…„์˜ ์ข…๋‹จ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์ธ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ 2.0 DB(National Health Insurance Serviceโ€”National Sample Cohort 2.0)๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ ์ˆ˜ ๋งค์นญ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ 19์„ธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2008๋…„ 1์›” 1์ผ์„ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์ „ 6๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์—” ๊ต๋ž€๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ›„ 8๋…„์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ถ”์ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜์„ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งŒ์„ ์‹๋ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ๋น„์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋Š” ์„ฑํ–ฅ์ ์ˆ˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ greedy matching ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ 1 : 3 ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ๋งค์นญ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ถ”์ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ์— ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ต๋ž€๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ๋Š” ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ์—ฐ๋ น ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ์‚ฌํšŒํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ, ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ณ‘์กด์งˆํ™˜ ๋ฐ ๋ณ‘์šฉ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ๋‹จ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ณ€์ˆ˜ Cox ๋น„๋ก€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜๋น„(HRs)๊ณผ 95% ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ๋ˆ„์ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜์•ฝ์ œ์™€์˜ ๋ณ‘์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ Cox ๋น„๋ก€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด 9,712๋ช…์˜ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž์™€ 29,116 ๋ช…์˜ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ๋น„์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข… ๋ถ„์„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๋น„์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ (๊ฐ 1,000 ์ธ๋…„ ๋‹น 6.71 vs 6.71; p <0.0001), ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค (aHR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.26โ€“1.51). ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์€ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค (p <0.001). ๋ณ‘์šฉ ํšจ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜๋งŒ ๋ณต์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์•ฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ‘์šฉ์•ฝ์ œ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ„ํ—˜๋„๊ฐ€ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค (p for trend = 0.005). ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•๋ณดํ—˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์ฝ”ํ˜ธํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ด๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„ํ—˜์€ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜์˜ ๋ˆ„์  ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก, ์œ„ํ—˜ ์•ฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ณ‘์šฉ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์ž„์ƒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํŠธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉ”ํƒ€์ง€๋”˜์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์•ฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ๋…ธ์ธ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ์ฆ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฉด๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋ง์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. * ๋ณธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” International journal of environmental research and public health ํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์— ์ถœํŒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ [65].The real-world data (RWD) has received considerable interest globally and the real-world evidence derived from the analyses of RWD has been compiled to complement research findings with limitations from traditional clinical trials. To date, RWD has become an important tool in postmarketing surveillance to monitor the safety of drugs. In South Korea, the health insurance claim database which contains sample data from a representative Korean population is provided by the government. Trimetazidine, an anti-anginal drug with documented tolerable safety, has been used in many countries from Europe and Asia. However, the safety concerns of trimetazidine-induced parkinsonism have been raised based on cumulated adverse event cases. Since trimetazidine was not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and regulatory agencies from other countries, access to the latest information on drug safety has been less optimal. Also, the evidence of trimetazidine-associated parkinsonism has mostly relied on case reports and small observational studies, and the large-scale population-based studies to quantitatively evaluate the risk were scarce. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the risk of trimetazidine-induced parkinsonism using national health claim data. A propensity score-matched retrospective cohort study assessing the risk of trimetazidine-induced parkinsonism was conducted using data from the National Health Insurance Serviceโ€”National Sample Cohort 2.0, between 2002 and 2015. A 4-year washout period was placed to identify new trimetazidine users detected between 2006 to 2007, and non-trimetazidine users were matched to trimetazidine users in a ratio of 3:1 by greedy matching. Any covariates including sociodemographic characteristics, concurrent medications, and comorbid clinical conditions were captured from 2002 to 2007, and the study outcome of a new parkinsonism event was detected during the 8-year follow-up period. The risk of parkinsonism was evaluated using multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, adjusted for sex, age, insurance type, area of residence, comorbidities, and concurrent medications. A total of 9,712 trimetazidine users and 29,116 matched non-trimetazidine users were included. Trimetazidine users had a significantly higher incidence rate of parkinsonism than non-trimetazidine users (9.34 vs. 6.71 per 1,000 person-years; p < 0.0001). Trimetazidine use significantly increased the risk of parkinsonism (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.26โ€“1.51). Cumulative incidence showed an increasing trend with higher cumulative doses of trimetazidine, compared with non-trimetazidine use (p < 0.001). Trimetazidine users who were concurrently on other medications had a higher risk of parkinsonism than trimetazidine users who were not on other medications (p for trend = 0.005). This is the first population-based study identifying the risk of parkinsonism associated with trimetazidine. The findings indicated that trimetazidine use significantly increased the risk of parkinsonism. Closer monitoring should be considered for trimetazidine users, especially for those who are older, using trimetazidine at high cumulative doses and other parkinsonism-inducing medications.Abstract โ…ฐ Table of Contents v List of Tables vii List of Figures viii Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Pharmacovigilance Study Using Real-World Data 1 1.2 Characteristics of Trimetazidine 4 1.3 Safety issue of Trimetazidine 6 1.4 Purpose of Research 15 Chapter 2. Methods 16 2.1 Data Source 16 2.2 Study Population 18 2.3 Data Collection 20 2.4 Confounders 23 2.5 Statistical Analysis 26 2.6 Sensitivity Analysis 28 Chapter 3. Results 29 3.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Study Population 29 3.2 The Risk of Parkinsonism associated with Trimetazidine Use 35 3.3 The Cumulative Dose-response Relationship and Combined Effects with Other Parkinsonism-inducing Medications 40 3.4 Sensitivity Analysis 44 Chapter 4. Discussion 47 Chapter 5. Conclusion 57 References 59 Appendix 70 ์š”์•ฝ (๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ดˆ๋ก) 74Docto

    Possibility of Organicity in Atonal Harmonic System : A Study on the Classification of Harmonic Cadence in Ligetiโ€™s Piano ร‰tudes

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    ๋น„๊ณตํ†ต๊ด€์Šต์ ์ธ ํ˜„๋Œ€์Œ์•…์€ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ์Œ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐ ํ™”์„ฑ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ํ™”์„ฑ์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์˜ ํŒŒ์•…์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋‚œ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์‹œ๋„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ด์ „์˜ ๊ณตํ†ต๊ด€์Šต์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์•…๊ณก ์ „์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™”์„ฑ์  ์œ ๊ธฐ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ๋ ค์—๋Š” ์•„์‰ฌ์šด ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๊ณ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃ„๋ฅด์ง€ ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ(Gyรถrgy Ligeti, 1923~2006)์˜ โŸชํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ ์—ํŠ€๋“œโŸซ (ร‰tudes pour piano)๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ, ํ™”์„ฑ์  ์ฃผ์š”์ง€์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ข…์ง€์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ํ™”์„ฑ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋™์ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๋ก ์  ๊ด€์ ์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ํ˜•ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ๋น„๊ณตํ†ต๊ด€์Šต์Œ์•…์—์„œ์˜ ํ™”์„ฑ์  ์ธก๋ฉด์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ง€์ ์„ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์ฒดํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ™”์„ฑ์  ์–‘์ƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋  ํ™”์„ฑ์  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ์กฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒํ‹ฐ ์—ํŠ€๋“œ ์ „๊ณก์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ํ™”์„ฑ์  ์†Œ์žฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ™”์„ฑ์  ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์›๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฒฌ์ฃผ์–ด ๊ณ ์ฐฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ข…์ง€์—์„œ์˜ ํ™”์„ฑ์  ์–‘์ƒ์„, ๊ณก์—์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ์Œ์กฐ์ง ๋ฐ ํ™”์„ฑ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๊ฒฌ์ฃผ์–ด ๋™์ ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ๋ก ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์œ ํ˜•๊ณผ ๋ณตํ•ฉ์  ์œ ํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์„ธ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ํ™”์„ฑ์–‘์ƒ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ํ•˜์œ„๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์Œ์•…์  ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์„ธ๋ถ€์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„๊ณตํ†ต๊ด€์Šต์Œ์•…์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ์Œ ๋ฐ ํ™”์„ฑ์†Œ์žฌ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ํ™”์„ฑ์ด ์ข…์ง€๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์Œ์•…์  ๊ตญ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํ™”๋œ ์Œ์•…์  ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•จ์„ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.In the non-traditional, contemporary music, it has become difficult to determine the harmonic context due to its individual harmonic system. Although, this difficulty generates several new analysis approaches, they are still inefficient to explain the harmonic organicity in the whole piece compared to the previous common method in analysis to tonal music. The aim of this study is approaching the harmonic aspect in cadences by researching โŸชร‰tudes pour pianoโŸซ by Gyรถrgy Ligeti (1923~2006), to derive one point of the harmonic aspect in non-conventional music and explore it in detailed way, by classifying the several categories of the harmonic aspects in cadence based on the perspective of Dynamic syntax. In order to approach the harmonic aspect, the basic principle to be used as a standard in this research is explored first and considered in the basic principle of harmony of each category in Ligetiโ€™s etudes. The harmonic aspects in cadences are categorized as fundamental type and multiplicative type by the structure of tone and harmonic system in the piece and how they are possible to be interpreted in the respect of Dynamic syntax. In addition, subclassifications are derived from respective categories by subtle differences in harmonic aspects. Therefore, it also reflects the detailed difference of musical meanings. This research suggests the harmony creates detailed musical aspects in the cadence which is the significant element in the perspective of music by the organic relationship by tone organization and harmonic system in non-traditional music.I. ์„œ๋ก  1 II. ๋ณธ๋ก  6 1. ์›๋ฆฌ 6 1) ์ƒ๊ด€ํ™”relativization ์›๋ฆฌ 10 2) ์กฐ์งํ™”organization ๋ฐ ์œ„๊ณ„ํ™”hierarchization์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ 13 3) ๊ฒฐํ•ฉcombining๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ํ™”spatialization์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ 17 4) ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ฑdirectivity๊ณผ ์šด๋™motion ๋ฐ ์ง„ํ–‰progression์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ 21 5) ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”stabilization ๋ฐ ์•ˆ์ •ยท๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑstability/instability์˜ ์›๋ฆฌ 24 2 . ์–‘์ƒ 26 1) ์†Œ์žฌ 26 (1) ์Œ๊ณ  27 (2) ์ง„ํ–‰์Œ์ • 40 (3) ํ™”์„ฑ์  ์Œ์ • ๋ฐ ํ™”์Œ 56 (4) ์Œ๊ณ„ 141 2) ์กฐ์ง 167 3. ์œ ํ˜• 181 1) ํšŒ๊ท€์ข…์ง€ 182 (1) ์™„์ „ ํšŒ๊ท€์ข…์ง€ 183 (2) ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ ํšŒ๊ท€์ข…์ง€ 186 (3) ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ํšŒ๊ท€์ข…์ง€ 189 (4) ๋Œ๋ฐœ ํšŒ๊ท€์ข…์ง€ 193 2) ์ดํƒˆ์ข…์ง€ 196 (1) ์ผํƒˆ์  ์ดํƒˆ์ข…์ง€ 196 (2) ์ง„ํ–‰์  ์ดํƒˆ์ข…์ง€ 202 (3) ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์  ์ดํƒˆ์ข…์ง€ 205 (4) ํšŒํ”ผ์  ์ดํƒˆ์ข…์ง€ 206 3) ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ข…์ง€ 209 (1) ์ง€์—ฐ์  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ข…์ง€ 210 (2) ์ฃผ๋ณ€์  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ข…์ง€ 214 (3) ์ค‘๋‹จ์  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ข…์ง€ 217 4) ๋ณ€ํ™”์ข…์ง€ 227 (1) ๋ณ€ํ˜•์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์ข…์ง€ 227 (2) ์ „ํ™˜์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์ข…์ง€ 231 (3) ์ด๋„์  ๋ณ€ํ™”์ข…์ง€ 234 5) ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ข…์ง€ 239 (1) ์ƒ์ถฉ์  ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ข…์ง€ 239 (2) ์œ ์‚ฌ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ข…์ง€ 241 (3) ๋‹ค์›์  ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ข…์ง€ 244 (4) ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ฑ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ์ข…์ง€ 245 III. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  250 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 251 ์ˆ˜๋ก์•…๋ณด๋ชฉ๋ก 260 ํ‘œ๋ชฉ๋ก 267 Abstract 269์„

    A Study on the Crown Height based on Mooring Safety Assessment considering Characteristics of Ship's type

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    ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน๊ณผ ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํƒœํ’ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์ผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฐฉํŒŒ์ œ ๋ณด๊ฐ• ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉํ˜ธ์‹œ์„ค ์„ค์น˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์„ ๋ฐ•๋Œ€ํ˜•ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ˜•์„  ์ ‘์•ˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ ์ค€์„ค, ์ ‘์•ˆ๋ถ€๋‘ ํ™•์žฅ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๊ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ ‘์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด์˜ ์ƒํ–ฅ ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ฐ• ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์—†๋Š” ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•ญ๋งŒ ๋ฐ ์–ดํ•ญ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์— ์˜๊ฑฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์„ ์ข…, ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ ์„์˜ ์น˜์ˆ˜, ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด, ๊ณ„์„ ์ฃผ, ๋ฐฉ์ถฉ์„ค๋น„ ๋“ฑ์ด ์„ ์ •๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์„ ์„๊ธธ์ด๋Š” ์„ ์ข… ๋ฐ ํ†ค์ˆ˜, ๊ณ„์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ดํ†ค์ˆ˜, ๋ฐฉ์ถฉ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ์„ ์ข… ๋ฐ ์žฌํ™”์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ํ†ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๋ผ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ๋„, ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ํ’์••๋ฉด์ , ์„ ์ฒด๋™์š”๋Ÿ‰์— ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๋ถ€๋‘์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์ธ ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋งŒ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ ‘์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์„ ์ข… ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ ‘์•ˆ๋ถ€๋‘์˜ ์ˆ˜์‹ฌ ๋ฐ ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„ ์ข… ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ ์„ ๋ฐ•์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋‘ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ ์ข…๋ณ„ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ ๋ฐ• ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฃน๋ณ„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ•์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ์ƒํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ ์ข…๋ณ„ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์š”์†Œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”์†Œ์™€ ์„ ๋ฐ•์š”์†Œ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ์ƒํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ ‘์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์š”์†Œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋™ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ, ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ์ƒํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ ‘์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‚ญ ์žฅ๋ ฅ, ๊ณ„์„ ์ฃผ ๊ฒฌ์ธ๋ ฅ, ์„ ์ฒด๋™์š”๋Ÿ‰, ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ง๊ฐ ๋“ฑ์ด ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฐ์†Œ์œจ์€ ์„ ๋ฐ• ํŠน์„ฑ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ ‘์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•จ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ์ƒํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์š”์†Œ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํŠน์ •์„ ๋ฐ• ๋ฐ ํŠน์ •๋ถ€๋‘๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ ‘์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์„ ๋ฐ• ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™”๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์„ ์ฃผ, ๋ฐฉ์ถฉ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ€๋‘๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜ํ˜•ํƒœ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.|In recent years, Korea has selected Twenty-two ports for reinforcement of breakwaters and installation of protection facilities, due to the rise of sea level caused by global warming. In addition, dredging for depth of water for large vessel's berthing and enlargement of berth is under construction due to consistent enlargement of ship size, However, there's no definite construction plan for the reinforcement of crown height, which has close relationship with the safe mooring of ships. Also, in accordance with the characteristics of ship, length of pier, crown height, bollard, and fender facilities are selected based on the โ€˜Harbour Design Criteria in Koreaโ€™, length of pier is affected by ship's type and tonnage, bollard is affected by gross tonnage, and lastly, the fender facilities are affected by deadweight tonnage. However, the design standards of the crown height which has close relationship with the angle of mooring line, windage area, and oscillation of ship motion, only includes depth of water and tidal range factors, and does not take into account of ship's type and size. Therefore, the domestic and foreign design standards of the crown height has been researched for the analysis of determinants of crown height, in order to suggest the standard of crown height which considers ship's characteristics. Also, I have classified ship's group based on the ship's characteristics, and carried out simulation of mooring safety assessment as per the increase of crown height. As a result, mooring factors' sensitivity as per ship's characteristics could be analyzed. Furthermore, the evaluation index of crown height has been made by dividing into environment and ship factors, and proposed design standards considering the above. In this study, the mooring factor sensitivity of moored ships according to elevation of crown height is analyzed through mooring safety numerical simulation, and the evaluation index and design standard of crown height are proposed by domestic and international design standards and research trends.์ œ1์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 1.2 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 6 ์ œ2์žฅ ๋ถ€๋‘์‹œ์„ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ ๋ถ„์„ 2.1 ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋™ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„ 9 2.1.1 ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‹œ์„ค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 9 2.1.2 ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์—ฐ์•ˆ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 13 2.2 ์„ ๋ฐ• ๋Œ€ํ˜•ํ™” ๋ฐ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 15 2.3 ๊ตญ๋‚ดยท์™ธ ๋ถ€๋‘์‹œ์„ค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 25 2.3.1 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋ถ€๋‘์‹œ์„ค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 25 2.3.2 ๊ตญ์™ธ ๋ถ€๋‘์‹œ์„ค ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 28 ์ œ3์žฅ ๋ถ€๋‘์‹œ์„ค ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์†Œ ๋ถ„์„ 3.1 ๋ถ€๋‘ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‹œ์„ค ๋ฐ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด 33 3.1.1 ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‹œ์„ค์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ 33 3.1.2 ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€์š”์†Œ 35 3.2 ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ถ„์„ 38 3.2.1 ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋ฐ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ 38 3.2.2 ๊ตญ์™ธ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ 42 3.3 ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์†Œ ์„ ์ • 48 ์ œ4์žฅ ์„ ์ข…๋ณ„ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 4.1 ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์š” 50 4.1.1 ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์š” 50 4.1.2 ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์„ ๋ฐ•์˜ ์šด๋™๋ฐฉ์ •์‹ ๋ฐ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์™ธ๋ ฅ 54 4.1.3 ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์„ค๋น„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜๋ผ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ 66 4.1.4 ์„ ์ข…๋ณ„ ๊ทธ๋ฃนํ™” ๋ฐ ํŠน์ง• ๋ถ„์„ 69 4.2 ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ํ‰๊ฐ€ 76 4.2.1 ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ• ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 76 4.2.2 ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 78 4.2.3 ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง 90 4.2.4 ์™ธ๋ ฅ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค ์„ค์ • 91 4.3 ๊ณ„๋ฅ˜์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์น˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„ 94 4.3.1 ํฌ๋ฃจ์ฆˆ์„  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 94 4.3.2 ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์„  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 109 4.3.3 ๋ฒŒํฌ์„  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 124 4.3.4 LNG์„  ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 139 4.3.5 ์„ ์ข…๋ณ„ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ‰๊ฐ€ 154 ์ œ5์žฅ ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ ๋ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 5.1 ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ 158 5.1.1 ํ™˜๊ฒฝํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ 160 5.1.2 ์„ ๋ฐ•ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ 171 5.1.3 ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 177 5.2 ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 181 5.2.1 ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ ์ ์šฉ 181 5.2.2 ์„ ์ข…๋ณ„ ์ ์ • ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ๋„์ถœ 191 5.3 ๋งˆ๋ฃจ๋†’์ด ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ œ์•ˆ 192 5.3.1 ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ œ์•ˆ 192 5.3.2 ์„ค๊ณ„๊ธฐ์ค€ ์ ์šฉ 195 ์ œ6์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  198 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 202Docto

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ •(์Œ์•…๊ต์œก์ „๊ณต), 2017. 2. Hilary V. Finchum-Sung.๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ตญ์•…์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๋งŽ์€ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์Œ์•… ๊ต์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ์ถฉ์‹คํžˆ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์š”๊ฑด์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Œ์•… ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ์•… ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ์ž์™€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๊ณง ๊ตญ์•… ๊ต์œก์˜ ์งˆ ์ €ํ•˜๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ตญ์•… ๊ต์œก์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์ง„๋‹จํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ค‘๋“ฑ์Œ์•…๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตญ์•…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ง€์‹(PCK)์˜ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ตญ์•… PCK๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตญ์•…๊ต์œก์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ตญ์•… PCK ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋Š” ๊ต๊ณผ๋‚ด์šฉ์ง€์‹, ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ง€์‹, ํ‰๊ฐ€์ง€์‹, ํ•™์ƒ์ดํ•ด์ง€์‹, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ƒํ™ฉ์ดํ•ด์ง€์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตญ์•… PCK์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„œ์šธ, ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ, ์ธ์ฒœ์˜ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ค‘๋“ฑ์Œ์•…๊ต์‚ฌ 123๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜์ง‘๋œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๊ตญ์•… PCK์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋ณ„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ(๊ต์ง๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ, ๊ตญ์•…์„ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„)์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ตญ์•… PCK ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ๋ณ„ ์ธ์‹์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด t-๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธ์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ํ›„์—๋Š” ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ธต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ค‘๋“ฑ์Œ์•…๊ต์‚ฌ 6๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํฌ์ปค์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฃน ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „์‚ฌํ•œ ํ›„, ๊ตญ์•… PCK์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•ด ๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ค‘๋“ฑ์Œ์•…๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตญ์•… PCK ์ธ์‹ ์ˆ˜์ค€์€ ๊ตญ์•… ์ด๋ก , ๊ฐ์ƒ ์˜์—ญ์ด ๊ตญ์•… ๊ฐ€์ฐฝ, ์‹ค๊ธฐ ์˜์—ญ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๊ณ , ๋งŽ์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ตญ์•… ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด ๊ตญ์•… ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ • ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ค‘๋“ฑ์Œ์•…๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตญ์•… ๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™์Šต๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ต์ง๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์€ ๊ตญ์•… PCK์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ตญ์•…์„ ๊ต์œก ๋ฐ›์€ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์€ ๊ตญ์•… PCK ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ๊ต๊ณผ๋‚ด์šฉ์ง€์‹์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ค‘๋“ฑ์Œ์•…๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตญ์•… PCK ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ตญ์•… ๊ต์œก์˜ ์งˆ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘๋“ฑ์Œ์•…๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตญ์•… PCK ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ต์‚ฌ์–‘์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์งˆ ๋†’์€ ๊ตญ์•… ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ์•… PCK์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์š”์†Œ ์ค‘ ๊ต๊ณผ๋‚ด์šฉ์ง€์‹์„ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๊ต์‚ฌ ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์™€ ์žฌ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ตญ์•… ๊ต์œก ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์…‹์งธ, ๊ตญ์•… ์—ฐ์ˆ˜์™€ ์žฌ๊ต์œก๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ œ๋„์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋„ท์งธ, ๊ต๊ณผ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ตญ์•… ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์˜๋ฌด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŽธ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์„ฏ์งธ, ๊ตญ์•… ์ „๊ณต ๊ต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๊ตญ์•… PCK ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์€ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์•…์˜ ์˜์—ญ๋ณ„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋ณ„ PCK ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์•… ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜„์žฅ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์„ ๋ฐฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ํ›„๋ฐฐ ๊ต์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตญ์•… ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ์ปจ์„คํŒ… ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.โ… . ์„œ๋ก  1 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ 3 3. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์  4 โ…ก. ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ 5 1. ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ง€์‹(PCK) 5 2. ์Œ์•…๊ณผ์—์„œ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ง€์‹(PCK) 26 3. ๊ตญ์•… ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ต์‚ฌ ์ธ์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ 36 4. ๊ตญ์•… ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ต์ˆ˜ ์ง€์‹(PCK) 40 โ…ข. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 42 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ ๋ฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 42 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋„๊ตฌ ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ 44 3. ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 48 โ…ฃ. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 50 1. ์ค‘๋“ฑ์Œ์•…๊ต์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ตญ์•… PCK์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹ ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋„๊ตฌ 50 2. ์งˆ์  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 77 โ…ค. ๋…ผ์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  87 1. ๋…ผ์˜ 87 2. ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  92 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 95 ๋ถ€๋ก 101 Abstract 108Maste

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :์Œ์•…ํ•™๊ณผ ํ”ผ์•„๋…ธ์ „๊ณต,1999.Maste

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    ICT R&D ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (์„์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ํ–‰์ •ํ•™๊ณผ ํ–‰์ •ํ•™ ์ „๊ณต, 2016. 2. ๊น€์ˆœ์€.๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„์™€ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์™€ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ICT R&D ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ICT R&D์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ํšŒ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐ•๊ทผํ˜œ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฐฝ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ด์™ธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ฒค์น˜๋งˆํ‚นํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ ์„ฑ์žฅ ๋™๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด R&D ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ICT R&D์˜ ์‚ฐ์ถœ์„ ์‚ฌ์—… ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”์— ๋‘๊ฐ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์งˆ์  ์„ฑ๊ณผ์˜ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์ถ”์ง„์ „๋žต, ์ถ”์ง„์ฒด๊ณ„, ์ž…๋ฒ•๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ , ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ด์ „ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”, ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ฐ ํ–‰์œ„์ž๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ, ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ธก๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ฒซ์งธ, ๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ถ”์ง„์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ฒ˜์—์„œ ๊ณตํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ICT R&D์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œ์ผœ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋„๋ชจํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ถ”์ง„์ „๋žต๋„ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฒ• ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ-๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ง„ํฅ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์ด์™€ ๊ด€๋ จํ•œ ์‚ฌ์—… ํ™œ๋™์— ์žˆ์–ด ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ด ๋งˆ๋ จ๋˜ ์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ–‰์ •๋ถ€์˜ ICT ์ •์ฑ… ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌโ‹…๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ œ๋„ , ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ด์ „ ์ด‰์ง„ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ณผ์ œ์˜ ์„ ์ •, ์ธํ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์—‘์…€๋Ÿฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ, ๋ฒค์ฒ˜ ์บํ”ผํƒˆ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ œ๋„์  ํ‹€์ด๋‚˜ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์ œ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ์•ฝํ•œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ถ•์ ๋œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ˆ˜, ํ•ฉ๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๋‚˜์Šค๋‹ฅ ์ƒ ์žฅ ๋“ฑ์„ ํšŒ์ˆ˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์ด ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ถŒ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ถŒ์— ์†ํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๊ฒฝ์ง์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์€ ํ›„์ธ ํŒŒ(Chutzpah)๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์ ์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์—…ํ™”์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹  ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ์ฐฝ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด๋‚˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ์€ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ธฐ์—… ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํƒ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง€์ ์žฌ์‚ฐ๊ถŒ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ ๋ขฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜‘์—…์˜ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ตฐ๋Œ€ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ICT ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ•™์Šตํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ์ธ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด์™ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์€ ๋””์•„์Šคํฌ๋ผ(Diaspora), ์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ ๋กœ ์ธ์ โ€ค ๋ฌผ์  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ž๊ธˆ ์œ ์น˜, M&A๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜์˜€ ๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹จ์ผ๋ฏผ์กฑ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์˜์‹์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ํŽธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•ด์™ธ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋งŒํผ ๋น„๊ณต์‹ ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ผ๊ด€์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ง€์†์„ฑ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฒ•๋ น์˜ ๋งˆ๋ จ์ด๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์ •์ฑ… ๋ณ€ํ™” ์™ธ์—๋„ ๋ฌธํ™”์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜, ์‹ ๋ขฐ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ, ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ์กฐ์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ์‹œ์  ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์š”์–ด : ICT R&D, ICT R&D ์ •์ฑ…, ์ •์ฑ… ๋น„๊ต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•™ ๋ฒˆ : 2012-21921์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ 3 2. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 10 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 12 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋ฐ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ถ„์„ํ‹€ 13 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  13 1. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ R&D ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 13 2. ICT R&D ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ 16 3. ICT ์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„๊ต์—ฐ๊ตฌ 18 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋ถ„์„์˜ ํ‹€ 20 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ICT R&D ์ •์ฑ… 28 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ICT R&D ์ •์ฑ… 28 1. ๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„ 28 2. ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„ 42 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜์˜ ICT R&D ์ •์ฑ… 46 1. ๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„ 47 2. ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„ 59 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ICT R&D ์ •์ฑ… ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 62 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„ 62 1. ์ถ”์ง„์ฒด๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ „๋žต 62 2. ICT R&D ๊ด€๋ จ๋ฒ• 64 3. ICT R&D ์ •์ฑ… 65 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ๋น„๊ณต์‹์  ์ œ๋„ 69 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฌธํ™” 69 2. ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ 72 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์˜ ๋„์ถœ 74 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  75 ์ œ 1์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์š”์•ฝ 75 ์ œ 2์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 77 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 78 ABSTRACT 84Maste
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