70 research outputs found

    ํ‘œํ˜„ํ˜• ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ ์† ๋ ˆ์ด์ € ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์—ผ๊ธฐ์„œ์—ด ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์•” ์œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ„์„

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ (๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)-- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ณต๊ณผ๋Œ€ํ•™ ํ˜‘๋™๊ณผ์ • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ „๊ณต, 2019. 2. ๊ถŒ์„ฑํ›ˆ.์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด NGS ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌํ•™์œ„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ผ ์„ธํฌ ํ˜น์€ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ง์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” PHLI- seq ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  PHLI-seq ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•” ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์กฐ์ง์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ PHLI-seq ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„๋œ ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์œ ์ „์ฒด ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์กฐ์งํ•™์  ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋ฐฉ์•” ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋‚œ์†Œ์•”์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ PHLI-seq ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•”์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๋ฐ ์ง„ํ–‰์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์•” ์„ธํฌ๋“ค์˜ ์„œ๋ธŒํด๋ก  ํ˜•์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์ด ์•” ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.Despite advances in next-generation sequencing technologies, it has been challenging to map molecular information of cells to their tissue context due to technical limitations. In this dissertation, I describe PHLI-seq, a novel approach that enables high-throughput isolation and genome-wide sequence analysis of single-cells or small numbers of cells from a tissue to construct genomic maps within biological samples in relation to the images or phenotypes of the cells. By applying PHLI-seq to breast cancer tissues, genetic heterogeneity of cancer is revealed at a high spatial resolution. Also, in a case of ovarian cancer, a history of tumor development is explored using PHLI-seq. Through these studies, it is concluded that genetic subclonality and spatial separation of the subclones are formed in early stage of cancer development.Table of Contents Abstract____________________________________________________ i List of Figures ______________________________________________ iv List of Tables_______________________________________________ xi Chapter 1 Introduction _______________________________________ 1 1.1 Identifying Molecular Information of Cells ____________________ 3 1.2 Spatially Resolved Sequencing of Cells_______________________ 6 1.3 Comparison of Technologies _______________________________ 7 Chapter 2 Techical Overview of PHLI-seq ______________________ 11 2.1 Phenotype-based High-throughput Laser-aided Isolation and Sequencing (PHLI-seq) _____________________________________ 12 2.2 Instrumentation_________________________________________ 14 2.3 Whole Genome Amplification _____________________________ 20 2.4 Performance Validation of PHLI-seq________________________ 28 2.5 Performance Comparison with Commercial Laser Microdissection 36 Chapter 3 Spatially Resolved Sequencing of Breast Cancer ________ 42 3.1 PHLI-seq Analysis of a HER2 Positive Breast Tumor___________ 43 3.1.1 Experimental Procedure ______________________________ 43 3.1.2 Somatic Copy Number Alteration (CNA) Analysis _________ 45 3.1.3 Somatic Single Nucleotide Variant (SNV) Analysis_________ 50 3.1.4 Inferring Tumor Evolution ____________________________ 57 3.2 PHLI-seq Analysis of a Triple-negative Breast Tumor __________ 60 3.3 A Summary____________________________________________ 65 Chapter 4 Inferring Tumor Evolution of Ovarian Cancer__________ 67 4.1 Sample Preparation______________________________________ 70 4.2 Somatic CNA and SNV Analysis___________________________ 73 4.3 Inferring Evolutionary Trajectory of the Tumor Cells ___________ 80 4.4 A Summary____________________________________________ 85 Chapter 5 Conclusion________________________________________ 87 Bibliography _______________________________________________ 90 Abstract in Korean _________________________________________ 100Docto

    MZ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

    Get PDF
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ํ–‰์ •๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—…์ •์ฑ…ํ•™๊ณผ, 2022. 8. ๊ถŒ์ผ์›….์ตœ๊ทผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ™”๋‘์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” MZ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ถ€์ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ โ€˜๊ณต์ •์„ฑโ€™์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์š”๊ตฌ์™€ ์ผ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‚ด ์‚ถ์„ ์ค‘์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์›Œ๋ผ๋ฐธ(Work&Life Balance)์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค‘์‹œ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง๋‚ด ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์ธ์‹์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ์ง๋ฌดํƒœ๋„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, MZ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋ฉฐ, ์Šน์ง„ยท์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ธ‰ ๋ถ„์•ผ ์ด์™ธ์— ๊ทผ๋ฌด์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์ธ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ์กฐ์ง์›์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์Šน์ง„, ์ „๋ณด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ์ธ์‹์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ MZ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ดํŽด๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ธฐ์กด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€์˜ ์ฐจ๋ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์กฐ์ง๋‚ด ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” MZ์„ธ๋Œ€์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜•์ธ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ, ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ, ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์Šน์ง„, ์ „๋ณด ๊ด€๋ จ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์„ ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ฆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์ด๋ก ๊ณผ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ญํ• ํŠน์„ฑ, ์ง๋ฌด๋™๊ธฐ, ๋ฆฌ๋”์‹ญ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ์€ 2021๋…„ 12์›” ํ˜„์žฌ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ˆ˜์ž์›๊ณต์‚ฌ์— ์†Œ์†๋˜์–ด ๊ทผ๋ฌดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ง 4,192๋ช…์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€ํ‘œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง๊ธ‰, ์ง์ข…, ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ถ€์„œ ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธตํ™”ํ‘œ๋ณธ์ถ”์ถœ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ 500๋ช…์˜ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฏธ์‘๋‹ต ๋ฐ ๋ถˆ์„ฑ์‹ค ๋‹ต๋ณ€ ๋“ฑ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ 490๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„์— ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ํ•ด์„์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋„๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ฌ์ธต๋ฉด์ ‘์„ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ฆ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์Šน์ง„, ์ „๋ณด ๊ด€๋ จ ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์œ ํ˜• ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์ด ์Šน์ง„, ์ „๋ณด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์ธ์‹์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ์Šน์ง„, ์ „๋ณด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณดํ†ต ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง๋ฌดํŠน์„ฑ(์ค‘์š”์„ฑ, ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ)์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์—ญํ• ํŠน์„ฑ์ค‘ ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ๋‹ค์™€ ์ง๋ฌด๋™๊ธฐ์ค‘ ๋ฌด๋™๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…, ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ „๋ณด๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ, ์Šน์ง„๊ด€๋ จ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ, ์Šน์ง„๊ด€๋ จ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฐพ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, MZ์„ธ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ธฐ์กด์„ธ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, MZ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ง๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๊ณผ ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์šธ๋Ÿฌ MZ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…, ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—์„œ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์Šน์ง„ยท์ „๋ณด ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ, ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ, ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉํ•ญ์„ ํˆฌ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ „๋ณด๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๋งŒ์ด MZ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์กฐ์ ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ ˆ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ธ MZ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์™€ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์ค‘ ๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ, ์ง๋ฌด์ค‘์š”์„ฑ, ์ง๋ฌดํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ •(+)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ญํ• ๊ณผ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ถ€(-)์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‹œ์‚ฌ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, MZ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›๋“ค์ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์ธ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ธ๋Œ€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์˜์ง„์˜ ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ จ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ณผ์ •์— ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ์ฑ„๋„๊ณผ ์ƒํ–ฅ์‹(Bottom-up) ์†Œํ†ต๋ฐฉ์‹ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋“ฑ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, MZ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ์ธ์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šน์ง„ ๋ฐ ๋ณด์ˆ˜ ์ฐจ๋“ฑ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋ณด๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ์ œ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ๋‘˜์งธ, ์Šน์ง„๊ด€๋ จ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋ณด๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์ด ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์Šน์ง„์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฒฐ์ • ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๋ณด์ œ๋„๋Š” ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ง€์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ง๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ช…๊ฐ(๋‚ด์žฌ์  ๋™๊ธฐ)๊ณผ ์—…๋ฌด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ(์ง๋ฌดํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ)์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋™์‹œ์—, ์ ์ • ์—…๋ฌด๋Ÿ‰๋ถ€์—ฌ(์—…๋ฌด๊ณผ๋‹ค), ์ง๋ฌด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ถ€์—ฌ(๋ฌด๋™๊ธฐ)๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ง๋ณ€ํ™”๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค.According to the emerging generation called Gen MZ, One of the recent topics in our society is the tendency to value Work&Life Balance more than the demand and work for โ€œJusticeโ€. There has been many researches on how the perceived level of justice has influenced on membersโ€™ job attitude, but researches reflecting the characteristics of Gen MZ are insufficient, and attention is needed for the recognition of justice in transference, including promotion and performance-related pay fields. Therefore, this research is attempted to differentiate itself with previous researches by examining the perceived level of organizational justice in promotion and transference, and how it influences on organizational commitment and job satisfaction and the regulation effect of Gen MZ empirically from public employee. From this, it was intended to present policy implication for the establishment of a meaningful personnel management system for Gen MZ, which is becoming a core personnel in the organization. In this research, according to precedent researches, the three types of organizational justice, which are distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice, were classified into independent variable by dividing them into promotion and transference respectively, and the relationship was empirically analyzed by using organizational commitment and work satisfaction as dependent variable. In addition, through theories and precedent researches, it was intended to investigate a clear casual relationship by controlling situational variable such as personal characteristics, role characteristics, job motivation and leadership. As from December 2021, the population of this research was 4,192 general employees belonging to the K-water, and 500 samples were extracted by stratified sampling in consideration of positions, occupations, and departments to represent the population properly, and 490 were finally used for analysis, except for unresponsive and unfaithful responses, etc. Also, depth interviews were conducted to improve the reliability of the interpretation of empirical analysis results. As a result of the empirical analysis, all three types of organizational justice related to promotion and transference were found to be above average, and distributive justice was relatively high in all levels of promotion and transference, while the level of recognition of procedural justice was relatively low in all levels of promotion and transference. Both organizational commitment and work satisfaction, which are dependent variables, were found to be above average, and job characteristics(Importance, Feedback) were relatively high among control varibles, while role overload among role characteristics and amotivation among job motivation were low. As a result of verifying the relationship between organizational justice, organizational commitment and job satisfaction, it was found that transference-related distributive justice, promotion-related procedural justice, and promotion-related interactional justice had a statistically significant positive effect on organizational commitment. However, no significant effect was found in the relationship with job satisfaction. In addition, comparing Gen MZ and the existing generation, it was confirmed that Gen MZ had a negative effect on job satisfaction. In order to verify whether Gen MZ has a moderating effect in the relationship between the recognition of organizational justice, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction, as a result of analyzing the distributive justice, procedural justice and interactional justice related to promotion and transference with interactive term, it was confirmed that only the effect of perception of transference-related distributive justice on organizational commitment was moderated by Gen MZ. As for job satisfaction, a significant relationship between organizational justice, which is an independent variable, and Gen MZ, which is a moderating variable, was not confirmed, but among the control variables, intrinsic motivation, job importance and task feedback were found to have a significant positive effect on all models, and there was a negative effect of role overload. Based on the above analysis results, policy implications were found as follows. First, it can be seen that members of Gen MZ do not sympathize with the existing personnel system compared to the existing generation, and to solve this problem, it is necessary to improve official channels and bottom-up communication methods for members to participate in the management-related decision-making process. Second, as promotion-related procedural justice, promotion-related interactional justice and transference-related distributive justice are confirmed to have a significant relationship with organizational commitment, the direction of improving the promotion system should secure transparency in procedures and democracy in the decision-making process, and the transference system is judge to be important to strengthen the equity of opportunities to work in the desired workplace. In addition, as the moderating effect of the influence of Gen MZ on organizational commitment is significant only in transference-related distributive justice, the direction of personnel management for Gen MZ should be set to improve the equity of transference opportunities to perform desired tasks in desired workplaces beyond promotion and remuneration. Lastly, in order to improve job satisfaction, continuous organizational change management efforts are needed to increase the sense of duty(intrinsic motivation) for jobs, and access to information(job feedback) for job performance, while providing appropriate workload(work overload) and value for jobs(amotivation).์ œ 1 ์žฅ ์„œ ๋ก  1 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์  1 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 3 ์ œ 2 ์žฅ ์ด๋ก ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ๋ฐ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ถ„์„ 5 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ 5 1. ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ์ฒด๊ณ„ 5 2. ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 7 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…๊ณผ ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ 9 1. ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 9 2. ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…์˜ ์œ ํ˜• 11 3. ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋… 12 4. MZ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ 14 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  17 1. ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  17 2. ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—… ๊ด€๋ จ ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  20 3. MZ์„ธ๋Œ€์™€ ์ง๋ฌดํƒœ๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒ€ํ†  23 4. ์„ ํ–‰์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 24 ์ œ 3 ์žฅ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• 26 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชจํ˜• 26 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์„ค 27 1. ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…, ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 27 2. ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ตฌ๋ถ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…, ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„ 31 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ์กฐ์ž‘์  ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ 35 1. ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ(๋…๋ฆฝ๋ณ€์ˆ˜) 35 2. ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…, ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ(์ข…์†๋ณ€์ˆ˜) 37 3. ํ†ต์ œ๋ณ€์ˆ˜ 39 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ์„ค๋ฌธ๊ตฌ์„ฑ 43 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ง‘ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„ 45 1. ํ‘œ๋ณธ์˜ ์„ ์ • ๋ฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์ˆ˜์ง‘ 45 ์ œ 4 ์žฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 48 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์  ํŠน์„ฑ 48 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์ธก์ •๋„๊ตฌ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๋ถ„์„ 50 ์ œ 3 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ†ต๊ณ„๋Ÿ‰ 51 ์ œ 4 ์ ˆ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„ 53 ์ œ 5 ์ ˆ ๊ฐ€์„ค๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ๋…ผ์˜ 57 1. Modelโ… : ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…, ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๊ด€๋ จ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•(๊ฐ€์„ค 1,2,3,4,5,6 ๊ฒ€์ฆ) 57 2. Modelโ…ก,โ…ข,โ…ฃ: ์Šน์ง„,์ „๋ณด ์ฐจ์›์˜ ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œMZ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ(ํ•˜์œ„์š”์†Œ๋ณ„ ๋ถ„์„) 63 3. Modelโ…ค: ์กฐ์ง๊ณต์ •์„ฑ ์ธ์‹๊ณผ ์กฐ์ง๋ชฐ์ž…, ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ๊ด€๋ จ ํšŒ๊ท€๋ชจํ˜•(๊ฐ€์„ค 7,8,9,10,11,12 ๊ฒ€์ฆ) 72 ์ œ 6 ์ ˆ ์‹ค์ฆ์  ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 77 ์ œ 5 ์žฅ ๊ฒฐ ๋ก  81 ์ œ 1 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ์‹œ์‚ฌ์  81 1. ๊ธฐ์กด ์ธ์‚ฌ์ œ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” MZ์„ธ๋Œ€ 81 2. ์Šน์ง„์ œ๋„์˜ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ณด๊ธฐํšŒ์˜ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ ๊ฐ•ํ™” ํ•„์š” 85 3. ์—…๋ฌด๋งŒ์กฑ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ๋™๊ธฐ์ง๋ฌด ํŠน์„ฑ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ 91 ์ œ 2 ์ ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„ 94 ์ฐธ๊ณ ๋ฌธํ—Œ 95์„

    Membrane-specific expression of functional purinergic receptors in normal human nasal epithelial cells

    Get PDF
    Extracellular purines and pyrimidines regulate various physiological responses via the cell surface receptors known as purinoreceptors and may exert autocrine or paracrine effects on ion transport, fluid transport, ciliary beat frequency, and mucin secretion. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the expression patterns of the purinoreceptors in normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells. In RT-PCR, the mRNAs for several P2X (P2X3, P2X4, P2X7) and P2Y (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y6, P2Y11, P2Y12) receptors were identified in NHNE cells. Functional localizations of P2 receptors were investigated by measuring intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) increases in membrane-specific manner using a double-perfusion chamber. Absence of the responses of ฮฑฮฒ-methylene ATP and 2-methylthio-ATP excluded functionally active P2X3, P2X4, and P2Y1 receptors as far as [Ca2+]i increase is concerned. Applications with ATP and UTP revealed that luminal membranes of NHNE cells express P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors and basolateral membranes express P2Y2 receptor. Expressions of P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors in NHNE cells were further verified by immunoblotting using specific antibodies. In addition, the results with 2,3-O-(4-benzoyl)-benzoyl-ATP indicate that the P2Y11 receptor may be present on the luminal side. In conclusion, the NHNE cells express functionally active P2Y2, P2Y6, and P2Y11 receptors in a membrane-specific pattern, which may play an important role in the control of mucin and fluid secretion in NHNE cells.ope

    ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ‰์ค€ํ™” ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต ํŒฝ์ฐฝ

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œกํ•™์ „๊ณต,1999.Maste

    (A)Longitudinal study of high school effect on improvement and equalization of student achievement

    No full text
    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)--์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ๋Œ€ํ•™์› :๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์œกํ•™์ „๊ณต,2006.Docto

    A Study on the Influence of Student Backgrounds on Opportunity of Tertiary Education in South Korea

    No full text
    ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ผ๋ฐ˜๊ณ„ ๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ง„ํ•™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋ณ„, ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€์—ญ์  ์š”์ธ์ด ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ต์œก๊ณ ์šฉํŒจ๋„ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ณ ๋“ฑ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ํ†ต์ œ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ์œ ์ง€๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌํ•™์ƒ์€ ๋‚จํ•™์ƒ์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ 2๋…„์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™์— ์ง„ํ•™ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•˜๋‹ค. ๋„์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์„œ์šธ ์ง€์—ญ 4๋…„์ œ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ง„ํ•™์—์„œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ง„ํ•™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์„ฑ์ ์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์๋ฉด ์ง€์—ญ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์œ ๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณผ์™ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„, ๊ต๊ณผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„, ํ•™๊ต์˜ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€๋„ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ง„ํ•™ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๊ต๊ณผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋„์™€ ํ•™๊ต ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์„ฑ์ทจ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋งค๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์œก ๊ธฐํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ • ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์™„ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ ํ•™์ƒ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ•™๊ต ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. This study investigated the extent to which educational opportunity is depend on student's backgrounds. Especially, this study focused on whether social backgrounds of student are still influential on probability of his/her access to higher education after his/her ability controlled. And, it is paid attention to the fact that the disparity influenced by student backgrounds has been concealed by the qualitative differentiation of tertiary education. Given the concerns, this study analyzed the educational paths of 1,369 graduates of 100 general high schools from the Korean Education and Employment Panel(KEEP) data sets. The result confirms that such student background as parents' socio-economic status(SES) and student's gender are positively associated with probability of access to upper education, and also partly supports that the quality of high school could be effective on educational opportunity. However, its effect have disappeared when student achievement variable was input. The effect of school on entrance to higher education need to be analyzed further with more school related variables

    Mucin and lysozyme expression in the epithelium of normal human nasal inferior turbinate and polyps

    No full text
    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ •์ƒ ์ฝ”์ ๋ง‰ ๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ ์•ก๊ณผ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์ž์ž„์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–‘์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ๊ธฐ๋„์—๋Š” ํ˜ธํ™‰์‹œ ์œ ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋จผ์ง€๋‚˜ ๋ณ‘์ ์ธ ๊ท ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์•ก์„ฌ๋ชจ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ฒœ์‹, ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€์—ผ, ๊ธ‰ยท๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋น„์—ผ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚ญ์„ฑ์„ฌ์œ ์ฆ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์„ธํฌ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ ๋ง‰ํ•˜์„ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ ์•ก์„ธํฌ๋“ค์ด ๋น„ํ›„๋˜์–ด ์ ์•ก์˜ ๊ณผ๋‹ค๋ถ„๋น„์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ ์•ก์„ฌ๋ชจ๊ณ„ ์žฅ์•  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์œ ํ•ดํ•œ ์„ธ๊ท ๋“ค์˜ ์ฆ์‹์— ์˜ํ•œ ์กฐ์ง์˜ ์†์ƒ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋„๋‚ด ์ ์•ก๊ณผ๋‹ค๋ถ„๋น„์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ์ „์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ถ„์ž์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ํž˜์ž…์–ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—์„œ 9๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ์ ์•ก์œ ์ „์ž๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๋ ค์กŒ์œผ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง๋„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ์ „์€ ๋ฐํ˜€์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋”์šฑ์ด ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ์ ์•ก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋น„๊ฐ•๊ณผ ๋ถ€๋น„๋™์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์— ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์•ก์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์ž์ž„์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ํ•˜๋น„๊ฐ‘๊ฐœ์กฐ์ง๊ณผ ๋น„์šฉ์˜ ์ƒํ”ผ์—์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ reverse transcription poly-merase chain reaction์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ , ๋น„์šฉ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋น„๋™์—ผ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ ์„ฑ์ธ 10๋ช…์˜ ํ•˜๋น„๊ฐ‘๊ฐœ ์ ๋ง‰์—์„œ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ธ์–ด ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„์šฉ์€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋น„๋™์—ผ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์šฉ์ ์ถœ์ˆ ์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ํ™˜์ž์—์„œ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ์—์„œ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•œ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ, ์ผ์ •์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋‹น ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด ์ ์•ก๊ณผ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์ž์ž„ ์–‘์„ immunoblot์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๊ณ , RT-PCR๋กœ ์ ์•ก๊ณผ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์ž์ž„ mRNA์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ ์•ก์„ฑ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ์ธ ์ ์•ก๊ณผ ์žฅ์•ก์„ฑ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์ž์ž„์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด ์–‘์„ ์ •๋Ÿ‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ •์ƒ ํ•˜๋น„๊ฐ‘๊ฐœ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด ์ ์•ก์˜ ์–‘์ด 2.9๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋šœ๋ ทํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€์œผ๋‚˜ ์žฅ์•ก์„ฑ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ์ธ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์ž์ž„์€ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ์•ก์„ฑ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žฅ์•ก์„ฑ ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฌผ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋น„์šฉ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ๋ถ€๋น„๋™์—ผ์—์„œ ์ ์•ก์˜ ๋ถ„๋น„์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ ์•ก๊ณผ ๋ฆฌ์†Œ์ž์ž„ mRNA์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„ ์–‘์ƒ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด MUC2์™€ MUC8์ด ๋Œ€์กฐ๊ตฐ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋น„์šฉ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์–ด, ๋น„์šฉ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ์ ์•ก์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” MUC2์™€ MUC8์ด ๊ด€์—ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ MUC2 mRNA๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ์กฐ์ง์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋น„์šฉ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์—ผ์ฆ์„ฑ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋˜ํ•œ MUC8 mRNA์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ์งˆํ™˜์—์„œ MUC8 mRNA๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์˜๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง MUC8-ํŠน์ด์  ํ•ญ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ณ  ์œ ์ „์ž ๋ฐฐ์—ด๋„ ๋‹ค ๋ฐํ˜€์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„ MUC8 mRNA์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‚˜ ํ–ฅํ›„ MUC8 mRNA์˜ ์กฐ์ ˆ๊ธฐ์ „๊ณผ MUC8 cDNA์˜ ์œ ์ „์ž๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ๋ฐํžˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] In normal human airway, the mucociliary system exist, which protects airways from inhaled unfavorable foreign materials and pathogenic microorganism. However, in such diseases as asthma, chronic bronchitis, acute/chronic rhinitis or cystic fibrosis, a number of goblet cells increase along with hypertrophy of mucous cells in submucosal gland, which makes mucociliary system ineffective of clearing out the pathogens. There has been continuous effort to clarify the regulation mechanism of airway mucous secretion, and with rapid development of advanced molecular biologic techniques, 9 human mucin genes has been identified. However, we still don't fully understand what kind of role each gene has or how they interact in producing mucous secretion which is prerequisite to understand the nasal physiology as well as expression patterns of them in upper airway system. In this study, author aimed to find out which mucin gene is expressed in the epithelium of normal human nasal mucosa and nasal polyps, and also to verify whether the epithelium of nasal polyp itself contribute to the increased nasal secretion as in chronic sinusitis accompanied by nasal polyp using immunoblot and RT-PCR. The level of intracellular mucin and Iysozyme in the epithelium of inferior turbinate and nasal polyp revealed that the level of mucin was 2.9 times higher in nasal polyp which was statistically significant. And, seven mucin genes (MUC1, 2, 4, 5AC, 5B, 7, 8) were expressed in the epithelium of normal inferior turbinate and polyps, but MUC2 arid MUC8 were more strongly expressed in the epithelium of nasal polyp than that of normal inferior turbinate. Therefore, the results suggests that the polyp epithelium itself is contributing to increased secretion in chronic sinusitis and MUC2 and MUC8 is thought to be responsible for this change. However, since there is no MUC8 mRNA-specific antibody available with fully identified genetic sequence, further study is required to uncover the full sequence of MUC8 mRNA and its exact function.restrictio

    (A) study on the level of soldiers' anxiety and anxiety-related factors

    No full text
    ๋ณด๊ฑดํ•™๊ณผ/์„์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ Spielberger์˜ ์ž๊ธฐํ‰๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ฒ™๋„(STAI)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ตฐ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์˜ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์‹  ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ด€๋ จ์š”์ธ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์žฅ์ฐจ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์— ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ 6๊ฐœ ๋Œ€๋Œ€๊ธ‰ ๋ถ€๋Œ€ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ 350๋ช…์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Self-Administation๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ถ„์„์€ SAS(statistical analysis system)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ t-test, ANOVA, ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„, ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์š”๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. 1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ STAI๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ(STAI-S)์ด 20-78(๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ ์ˆ˜: 20-80), ํŠน์„ฑ๋ถˆ์•ˆ(STAI-S)์ด 20-77(๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ ์ˆ˜: 20-80)์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 40.90(STAI-S), 40.14(STAI-T)์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์ž์•„ ์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” 13-40(๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ ์ˆ˜: 10-40)์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 16.75์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ตฐ ์ƒํ™œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” 4-28(๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ ์ˆ˜: 4-28), ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ˆ˜๋Š” 16.75์ด์˜€๋‹ค. 2. ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰, ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ์‹ ์•™์‹ฌ, ์ข…๊ต ํ–‰์‚ฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ค‘ ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ์  ์งˆํ™˜ ์œ ๋ฌด, ์Œ์ฃผ, ๊ณผ์Œ, ์ „์—ญ ํ›„ ์ง„๋กœ, ๋ฌด๋„, ๊ต์œก์ˆ˜์ค€๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜, ์—ฐ๋ น, ์ข…๊ต๋ณ„, ์ž…๋Œ€์ „ ์ง์—…, ์ถœ์ƒ์ˆœ์„œ, ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์ƒํƒœ, ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋ถ€์–‘, ์„ฑ์žฅ์ง€์—ญ, ์›”์ˆ˜์ž…, ์œก์•„ ์ƒํƒœ, ์ด์„ฑ์นœ๊ตฌ, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ, ํก์—ฐ, ์ปคํ”ผ ์Œ์šฉ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3. ํŠน์„ฑ๋ถˆ์•ˆ(STAI-T)์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ƒํƒœ๋ถˆ์•ˆ(STAI-S)์ด ๋†’์•˜๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์œ ์˜์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. 4. ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ๋ถˆ์•ˆ๊ณผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ตฐ ์ƒํ™œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์ž์•„ ์กด์ค‘๊ฐ, ๊ณผ์Œ, ๊ตฐ๋ณต๋ฌด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„, ๋ฌด๋„(ๆญฆ้“), ์ข…๊ตํ–‰์‚ฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌํšŸ์ˆ˜์ด์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ด€ ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ -0.5104, 0.1301, -0.1673, -0.2960์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰ ์„ ํ˜•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ํŠนํžˆ ๊ตฐ ์ƒํ™œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„, ์ž์•„ ์กด์ค‘๊ฐ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜์™€ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. 5. ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ„ ์ƒ๊ด€๋ถ„์„์—์„œ ์Œ์ฃผํšŸ์ˆ˜์™€ ํก์—ฐ, ๊ณผ์ŒํšŸ์ˆ˜์™€ ํก์—ฐ, ๊ณผ์ŒํšŸ์ˆ˜์™€ ์Œ์ฃผํšŸ์ˆ˜, ์‹ ์•™์‹ฌ๊ณผ ์ข…๊ตํ–‰์‚ฌ ์ฐธ์—ฌ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์˜(p=0.0001)ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 6. ๋‹ค์ค‘ํšŒ๊ท€๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ž์•„์กด์ค‘๊ฐ์ด ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ตฐ ์ƒํ™œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ตฐ ๋ณต๋ฌด ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์งง์„์ˆ˜๋ก, ๊ณผ์Œ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์„์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ  ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์œ ์˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตฐ ์ƒํ™œ ๋งŒ์กฑ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐํ˜€์ง„ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ์š”์ธ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋˜๋Š” ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ตฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ๋ณ‘์‚ฌ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ , ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํ–ฅํ›„ ๊ตฐ(่ป)๋‚ด ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํš์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ์‹œ ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์ž๋ฃŒ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ]The purpose of this research is to propose an efficient way to manage soldiers and prevent military accidents in the future by measuring the degree of anxiety of soldiers in their military life using Spieberg's STAI and analyzing its effect on mental health, its related factors, its relation to anxiety focusing on the degree of military life satisfaction and self-esteem. With a sample of 350 soldiers selected from 6 battalion-level troops located in Seoul and nearby, we did the research using a special method in a Self-Administration manner. Using the statistical package, SAS(statistical analysis system), we analyzed the data through t-test, ANOVA, correlation analysis, and Regression analysis. The results of the research are as follows; 1. According to the anxiety scores measured by STAI in the research, state-anxiety(STAI-S) ranges between 20-78 points, trait-anxiety(STAI-T) ranges between 20-77 points, and their averages are 40.90 for STAI-S and 40.14 for STAI-T respectively. In addition, self-efficacy ranges between 13-40 points with the average of 16.75 and military life satisfaction ranges between 4 to 28 with the average of 16.75 2. Statistically significantly factors related to soldier's anxiety are rank, the duration of the military service, religious faith, numbers of religious rituals, past mental disease of family members, frequency of drinking, frequency of intemperate drinking, future career after discharge, martial arts and educational level. Factors like age, religion, career before the military service, birth order, marital status of parents, grandparent support, monthly wage, growth area, childhood state, girl friend, marriage, smoking, coffee, and drinking turn out to be statistically insignificant. 3. State-anxiety(STAI-S) and trait-anxiety(STAI-T) have a statistically significant positive correlation with each other. 4. The trait-anxiety(STAI-T) has a statistically significant positive correlation with satisfaction of life in military, self-esteem, frequency of intemperate drinking, duration of the military service, martial arts. 5. The trait-anxiety(STAI-T) has a statistically significant negative correlation with smoking, frequency of drinking, religious faith, coffee. 6. As a result of multi-regression analysis, factors related to or influencing on the level of anxiety were satisfaction of life in military, self-esteem, duration of the military service, frequency of intemperate drinking. Therefore, judging solely by the result of this research, we can conclude that satisfaction in military life is related to degree of anxiety, thus by elimination those statistically revealed significant anxiety factors, will help enhance safety in military and prevent accidents. In addition, furthermore it may be a good reference for the further research on anxiety in military and accident prevention.ope

    Effects of purinoreceptor agonists on intracellular calcium signaling in human nasal epithelial cells

    No full text
    ์˜ํ•™๊ณผ/๋ฐ•์‚ฌ[ํ•œ๊ธ€] ์ฝ”์ ๋ง‰ ์ƒํ”ผ๋Š” ์ ์•ก์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ ๋ง‰์˜ ๊ณผ๋‹คํ•œ ์ ์•ก๋ถ„๋น„๋Š” ๋น„์—ผ, ๋ถ€๋น„๋™์—ผ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฝ”์งˆํ™˜๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค. ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋น„์ด‰์ง„์ œ์™€ ์—ผ์ฆ๋งค๊ฐœ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ž๊ทน์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ ์•ก ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๋ถ„๋น„์ด‰์ง„์ œ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ธํฌ์™ธ nucleotide๋ฅผ ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค ํ“จ๋ฆฐ๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฏธ๋”˜์€ ์„ธํฌํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•„ํ™‰ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ G protein-coupled ํ“จ๋ฆฐ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ligand-gated ํ“จ๋ฆฐ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ธํฌ์™€ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ P2 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‹œ๋„๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜ ์ฝ”์ ๋ง‰ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ์—์„œ ํ“จ๋ฆฐ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฐœํ˜„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณด๊ณ ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฏธํกํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด์–ด์„œ ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” RT-PCR์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ฝ”์ ๋ง‰ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ(NHNE ์„ธํฌ)์— ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜๋Š” P2X ๋ฐ P2Y ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ mRNA๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ , NHNE ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ด€๋‚ด๊ฐ•๋ง‰๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ €์™ธ์ธก๋ง‰์˜ ์นผ์Š˜์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ P2X ๋ฐ P2Y ์„ ํƒ์  ์ด‰์ง„์ œ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ฝ”์ ๋ง‰ ์ƒํ”ผ์„ธํฌ๋ฅผ Yoon ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๋‹จ์ธต์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์–‘ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด RNA๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ P2X์™€ P2Y subtype ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ์œ ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ RT-PCR์„ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, P2X ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์ค‘ P2X3, P2X4๋Š” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋‚˜ P2X7์€ ์•ฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , P2Y ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๋Š” P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y11 ๋ฐ P2Y12๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ˜„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค ๋ฐœํ˜„๋œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด subtype์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์— ์„ ํƒ์ ์ธ ์ด‰์ง„์ œ์™€ ์–ต์ œ์ œ๋กœ ์ž๊ทน์„ ์ค€ ํ›„, Fura-2-AM๊ณผ miniature Ussing chamber๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์นผ์Š˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ด€๋‚ด๊ฐ•๋ง‰๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ €์™ธ์ธก๋ง‰์— ๋ชจ๋‘ P2 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ATP์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์นผ์Š˜์น˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” P2Y ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์–ต์ œ์ œ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์–ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด๊ฐ€ P2Y์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ด€๋‚ด๊ฐ•๋ง‰๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ €์™ธ์ธก๋ง‰์„ P2X ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ์„ ํƒ์  ์ด‰์ง„์ œ์ธ ฮฑ,ฮฒ-Me ATP๊ณผ P2Y1 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด ์„ ํƒ์  ์ด‰์ง„์ œ์ธ 2-MeS-ATP๋กœ ์ „์ฒ˜์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ด€๋‚ด๊ฐ•๋ง‰๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ €์™ธ์ธก๋ง‰์—์„œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด ์นผ์Š˜์น˜์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์„œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์  P2X์™€ P2Y1 ์ˆ˜์šฉ์ฒด์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, UTP, UDP ๋ฐ BzATP๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ NHNE ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ด€๋‚ด๊ฐ•๋ง‰ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์ €์™ธ์ธก๋ง‰์—์„œ์˜ ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด ์นผ์Š˜์น˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์„ธํฌ์˜ ๊ด€๋‚ด๊ฐ•๋ง‰์—๋Š” ๋ถ„๋น„์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ P2Y2, P2Y6 ๋ฐ P2Y11์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ธฐ์ €์™ธ์ธก ๋ง‰์—๋Š” P2Y2๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. [์˜๋ฌธ] Extracellular purines (adenosine, ADP, and ATP) and pyrimidines (UDP, UTP) regulate various physiologic responses via cell surface receptors termed purinoreceptors, and may exert autocrine or paracrine effects on ion transport, fluid transport, ciliary beat frequency and mucin secretion. Accordingly, the purinoreceptors in nasal epithelial cells may play an important role in the early stage of secretion under inflammatory conditions. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression patterns of purinergic receptors in normal human nasal epithelial (NHNE) cells using RT- PCR, and analyze their localization and functioning on secretion by checking the intracellular calcium levels by Fura-2-AM using various purinoreceptor agonists and or antagonists. In RT-PCR, mRNAs for three P2X (P2X3, P2X4, P2X7) and five P2Y (P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y11, P2Y12) receptors were expressed. In localization using ATP, caffeine and PPADS, P2 receptors were confirmed to present in both luminal and basolateral sides of NHNE cells. We analyzed the roles of functional P2X4, P2X6 and P2Y1 receptors using ฮฑ,ฮฒ-Me ATP as a P2X agonist and 2-MeS-ATP as a P2Y1 agonist. Our results suggested that all three receptors were not functionally active as far as the secretion is concerned. Then, we performed functional study for P2Y receptors in NHNE cells using ATP, UTP and UDP. Our results indicated that P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors are present in luminal side, but there is only P2Y2 receptor in basolateral side of NHNE cells. In the last functional study on P2Y11 using BzATP and caffeine, our data indicated that P2Y11 receptor may be present only in the luminal membrane of NHNE cells. In conclusion, our results may suggest that NHNE cells have P2Y2, P2Y6 and P2Y11 receptor related to the function on secretion.prohibitio
    • โ€ฆ
    corecore