The effect of L-carnitine and isoflavone supplement on weight and body fat percent reduction in overweight women

노화과학협동과정/석사[한글]본 연구에서는 과체중한 여성에서 이소플라본과 카르니틴의 혼합제제 섭취시 체지방 감소와 혈청지질, 지단백질 농도 개선을 규명하고 효과적인 dosage 을 알기 위해 93명의 대상자를 세 군으로 무작위 배정하여 12주간 비교 시험을 진행하였다. 제제 섭취 12주 후의 체중 및 체지방 변화와 관련한 결과를 살펴보면, 플라시보군에서는 제제 복용 전후 체중 및 체지방의 변화가 관찰되지 않았으나, 대두추출물과 L-carnitine 을 포함한 제제를 섭취한 시험군Ⅰ과 시험군Ⅱ에서 12주 후 체중이 0.72 kg, 0.96 kg 감소하였다. 인체계측상 체지방율 또한 감소하였으며 복부지방을 단층 촬영한 결과 하복부(L4)수준의 총지방 면적에서 유의적인 감소가 관찰되었다. 특히 L-carnitine의 양은 같으나 이소플라본의 용량이 높은 시험군Ⅰ에서만 허리와 엉덩이 둘레비가 유의적으로 감소되었으며 또한, L4에서의 복부지방은 총 지방 면적이 보조제 섭취 후 약 8.1% 감소, 이와 함께 내장지방면적(-11.1%) 와 피하지방면적 (-7.0%)의 유의적 감소를 보여주어 체지방 분포의 개선효과를 보여주었다. 시험군 Ⅰ의 체중감소 및 L4 수준에서의 총 지방 면적과 내장지방면적의 감소 정도는 플라시보군의 변화량과 비교하여 유의적인 것으로 나타났다.이와 같은 결과로 미루어 보아, 하루 대두 추출물 400mg 과 L-carnitine 300mg 을 3개월 섭취시킨 시험군 Ⅰ이 체중 감소와 체지방 감소, 특히 내장지방을 효과적으로 감소시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.혈중 지질 및 지단백 농도의 변화와 관련해서는 이소플라본의 용량이 높은 시험군Ⅰ에서만 12 주후 HDL 콜레스테롤 증가 및 LDL 관련 지단백인 apolipoprotein B 의 유의적인 감소, 동맥경화지수의 유의적인 감소가 관찰되었다. 그러나 이러한 결과는 플라시보 제제 섭취 전후의 혈액 지질 농도의 변화량과 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않아 시험 물질 Ⅰ의 혈중 지질 농도 개선 효능을 정확히 입증하기에 미흡하였다. 또한 시험 물질의 섭취가 염증성 지표에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나 내장 지방 감소가 가장 두드러진 시험군Ⅰ에서 혈장 adiponectin의 농도가 12 주후 유의적으로 증가된 것이 관찰되었다. Adiponectin 은 지방세포에서 특이적으로 분비되는 adipokine으로 간과 근육에서 지방산의 산화를 촉진하여 인슐린 감수성을 개선시키는 역할을 한다고 알려져 있다. 비만도와 특히, 복부내장지방이 증가할 수록 분비가 감소됨이 보고 되어 인슐린 저항성과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 보고되고 있다.이와 같이 과체중 및 비만인에게 식사 조절 없이 하루 대두 추출물 400mg 과 L-carnitine 300mg을 함유한 혼합 제제를 12주간 섭취시킬 경우, 체중감소는 경미하였지만 체지방의 감량, 특히 내장지방 감소 효과와 함께 지방 세포에서 분비되는 adipokine인 adiponectin의 유의적인 증가가 관찰되었다. 이는 식사 섭취 조절과 병행할 경우 더욱 효과적일 것으로 사료된다 [영문]The objective of this study was to examine the combined effects of L-carnitine and isoflavone supplementation on weight loss and body fat distribution in overweight women. Overweight women (body mass index >23kg/m2) who were not diagnosed any type of diseases were included in this study and ninety-three subjects were randomly assigned to a placebo (n=30) or test Ⅰ(n=30, L-carnitine 429mg + isoflavone 200mg/day) or test II (n=33, L-carnitine 429mg + isoflavone 400mg/day) group. We measured anthropometric parameters, computerizd tomography and blood components before and after the 12 week intervention period. After the 12 weeks of supplementation, subjects in the test I and test II group showed significant reduction of body weight and body fat % compared with those in the placebo group. Visceral fat area at L4 vertebra was significantly reduced by -11.1% (p<0.001) and total fat area at the L4 level, by 8.1% (p<0.01) in the test I group. Test II group who supplemented double amounts of isoflavone than the test I group showed a significant reduction in total fat area at L4 level by 2.7% (p<0.05), however, they did not show the beneficial effect on visceral fat reduction after the 12 weeks. In lipid profiles, test I group showed the significant improvement of HDL-C (p<0.01) and apoB (p<0.05) concentration, but, change values in those markers was not significant compared with those of the placebo group. In addition, a significant increase of adiponectin level (p<0.001) was observed in the test I group after the intervention. The result of present study demonstrated that supplementation of L-carnitine 429mg and isoflavone 200mg per day for 12 weeks can give beneficial effects on weight loss and visceral fat accumulation without any side effects.ope

Quantity and quality of particualte organic matter as available food to suspension feeders in two aquaculturedominated systems in the southern sea of Korea

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한국인에서 FADS 유전자 다형성과 ω-6 다가불포화지방산, 지질과산화물, 심혈관계질환과의 상관관계

Dept. of Science for Aging/박사[한글] [영문]Objective: We investigated the association of FADS gene polymorphism in this region with PUFAs in serum phospholipids, lipid peroxides and coronary artery disease (CAD) in Koreans. Methods: CAD patients (n=756, 40-79 years) and healthy controls (n=890) were genotyped for rs174537 near FADS1 (FEN1 rs174537G>T), FADS2 (rs174575, rs2727270), and FADS3 (rs1000778) SNPs. The odds ratios (ORs) on CAD risk were calculated and serum PUFA composition and lipid peroxide variables were measured. Results: Among 4 SNPs, only rs174537G>T was different in the allele frequencies between controls and CAD patients after adjustment for age, BMI, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P=0.032). The minor T allele of rs174537G>T was associated with lower risk of CAD [OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.63-0.95), P=0.015] after adjustment. The rs174537T allele carriers had significantly higher proportion of linoleic acid (LA, 18:2ω6) and lower arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4ω6) and the lower ratios of AA/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA, 20:3ω6) and AA/LA than the G/G subjects in both control and CAD groups. In the control group, 174537T carriers had significantly lower levels of total- and LDL-cholesterol, malondialdehyde (MDA) and ox-LDL. In CAD patients, rs174537T carriers showed a larger LDL particle size than the G/G subjects. AA proportion in serum phospholipids positively correlated with LDL-cholesterol, ox-LDL and MDA in control subjects. Furthermore, AA positively correlated with 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α in both control and CAD groups. Conclusion: the rs174537 minor T allele is associated with lower proportion of AA in serum phospholipids and the reduced CAD risk. This is consistent with the observed association of the rs174537T allele with the reduced total- and LDL-cholesterol, and lipid peroxides.restrictio

Growth and seasonal energetics of the ascidian Styela clava in Jindong bay, Korea

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Spatial and temporal variations in primary production and community structure of phytoplankton in relation to water column structure in the East/Japan Sea

DoctorThis dissertation examined the phytoplankton productivity and community composition on the variable ocean environment in the East/Japan Sea (hereafter, the EJS). Although, the EJS located the northwestern Pacific Ocean, is a small sea of mediterranean type and that is one of the most productive region. The EJS has dynamic physical processes such as thermohaline circulation, subpolar fronts, mesoscale eddies, and deep water formation. The physical processes determine water column properties and thereby control phytoplankton productivity and community composition. Therefore, the EJS is believed to be an ideal region for studying of oceanic processes as a nature laboratory. However, we have only several studies on phytoplankton dynamics in relation to physical forcing in the EJS. Accordingly, intense integrated field observations are necessary to improve our understanding of the current marine ecosystem in the EJS.This dissertation contains three subjects as follows:i) to better understand the phytoplankton productivity and community structure in the Ulleung Basin (UB) (chapter II). ii) to figure out the mechanisms of high summer primary productivity in the Ulleung Basin (chapter III).iii) to examine variations of phytoplankton productivity and community composition in relation to physical forcing (chapters IV and V).The annual primary production in the Ulleung Basin were 273.0 g C m–2 y–1. New carbon production by phytoplankton is estimated as 145.6 g C m–2 y–1 which indicates that a large portion (53.9%) of total annual primary production might potentially be exported from the diatom-dominated euphotic zone to a deeper zone in the UB.A subsurface maximum in primary productivity at or above the pycnocline and a high f-ratio further support the importance of this source of nitrate for maintaining the high summer primary productivity in the UB. In comparison, the high PP layer was observed at the surface in the following fall and spring in the UB. Our results demonstrate the importance of hydrographic features in enhancing PP in this oligotrophic Tsushima Warm Current system. The CHEMTAX results using the marker pigments showed that diverse phytoplankton groups occupy in the EJS. The cluster and the canonical correspondence analyses well explained spatial variation of phytoplankton assemblage according to the water mass properties. Finally, these results suggest that dynamic structure of water column determines biomass and productivity of phytoplankton as well as their diverse size- and taxonomic groups in the EJS

2008년 하계 울릉분지에서 관측된 물리 화학적 외압에 대한 플랑크톤 군집의 반응

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