氣候變遷對高屏溪流域崩塌潛勢之影響評估

To investigate the effects of climate change on the potential of the landslides in the basin of Kaoping stream, in this study, physiographic factors are collected and tested; rainfall parameters are selected; logistic regression method is used to establish the model for evaluating the potential of landslides; and 3 GCMs models and 3 future scenarios are used for analysis. Results show that 5 physiographic factors and 1 rainfall parameters are most highly correlated with the potential of landslides. They are the slope steepness, the area ratio of dip slope, the distance to fault, the road ratio and the rainfall amount of consecutive 2 days. The accuracy of the model established in this study reaches 80%. The impact for the future of the simulated results for the short term period (2010~2039) using the INCM3 model is found the greatest and the B1 scenario is found most in accordance with the real conditions. Using the developed model in this study to evaluate the potential of the landslide for the short term period, it is found the area of the highest potential of landslides increase 98%, compared with the potential of landslide in the baseline period (1961~1990).為探討氣候變遷對高屏溪流域崩塌潛勢之影響，本研究透過地文因子蒐集與篩選檢定、降雨參數選定，以邏輯斯回歸建置崩塌潛勢評估模式，並結合3 種GCMs 模式及3 種未來情境進行分析。結果顯示，與崩塌發生最為相關之5 項地文因子及降雨參數分別為岩性、坡度坡向、水系比、道路比及連續二日雨量。所建置之崩塌潛勢模式，其準確率可達80%以上。經綜合評估，INCM3 模式之結果對未來之衝擊最大，其中又以INCM3 模式B1 情境短期(2010~2039 年) 之結果最符合現況；利用此模式及情境推估短期之結果與基期 (1961~1990 年)相比，「極高」崩塌發生潛勢之增加面積達98%

[[alternative]]Collins論文憑社會及與韋伯理論之關係

[[issue]]46

以TOE架構探討影響企業採行工業4.0意圖之因素

近年隨著全球消費市場以及生產要素條件的變化，傳統製造模式開始面臨諸多挑戰，此時，結合大數據、演算法以及新興科技的「工業4.0」便作為解決方案被德國提出，眾多企業開始投入相關的應用，類似的概念也陸續成為各國政府的政策方向。然而，導入新的製造模式會對企業產生極大的負擔，在具備適當的條件與足夠的動機前，企業並不會貿然導入，這使得工業4.0在業界的實行程度仍然不高。因此，本研究以不同規模及來自不同產業但皆具備採行工業4.0意圖之企業為研究標的，深入探討影響其採行意圖之因素，並發掘背後共同條件以及關鍵推力與阻力。 本研究以科技－組織－環境架構（Technology-Organization-Environment Framework, TOE Framework）作為分析架構，探討新技術特性以及企業內外部條件因素對採行意圖之影響，並對四家公司進行個案研究，驗證其中的關鍵影響因素。 本研究發現，儘管四間公司的產業、規模以及自動化程度皆不盡相同，科技面因素對企業採行意圖皆造成很大的影響，企業對於工業4.0應用本身的成本效益評估是主要的意圖來源；而內部組織面則是共同具備執行能力、財務資源以及對新技術態度正向的領導者；環境因素會受公司背景與產業環境而有較大差異，但客戶面的產業準備程度對企業採行意圖與方式皆有很大的影響。阻力與挑戰方面，成本效益不易評估是四間公司導入時的共同阻礙；缺少執行能力、相關知識人才對規模較小的傳統產業形成挑戰；而無法找到適合的工業4.0方案則是傳統產業所面臨的問題。 本研究對學術上的貢獻是以TOE架構探討過去較少被討論之工業4.0採行意圖之議題，並發現相對優勢、科技準備程度、執行能力、領導者特質與財務資源是影響工業4.0採行意圖的關鍵因素。在實務上的貢獻，則提供自身欲導入工業4.0，或欲推行工業4.0之政府機構以及技術供應商作為參考

The Mycoflora of Hot Spring Soil in Northern Taiwan

An investigation of the mycoflora in northern Taiwan from August 1999 to June 2000, particularly of thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi inhabiting sulfurous hot spring soils, resulted in identification 12 taxa: Aspergillus fumigatus var. fumigatus (66.85 %), A. fumigatus var. 1 with green colony (7.86 %), A. fumigatus var. 2 with brown colony (4.81 %), A. niger (1.14 %), unidentified Asperigillus sp. (0.045 %), Chrysosporium sp. (0.18 %), Papulaspora thermophila (2.72 %), Scytalidium thermophilum (0.045 %), Sporotrichum sp. (0.045 %), Mycelia sterilia sp.1 with white colony (6.63 %), Mycelia sterilia sp.2 with yellow colony (5.27 %) and Mycelia sterilia sp. 3 with gray colony (4.405 %). A total of 2202 colonies were isolated from three sampling sites: site 1 (hot springhead), site 2 (2 m from site 1) and site 3 (4 m from site 1). Fungal colonies isolated as well as species percentage at three sites were as follows: 32.92 % in 9 taxa from site 1, 37.87 % in 11 taxa from site 2, and 29.21 % in 8 taxa from site 3. The dominant species was Aspergillus fumigatus var. fumigatus, which was isolated year around from three sampling sites. A. fumigatus var. 1 appeared from February to June 2000. A. fumigatus var. 2 was isolated only in August and October 1999. Within the sampling range of hot spring niches, there was evidence of the presence of ecotypes in the A. fumigatus complex. Chrysosporium sp. and Sporotrichum sp. were isolated only from the soils without hot water treatment, but Aspergillus sp. and Scytalidium thermophilum were isolated only from the soils pre-treated with hot water for 30 min. at 60℃. The significance level (P value) of fungal communities between hot water treatment and no treatment was 0.866, indicating that no significant difference between both treatments

Analysis of technology use behaviors and their motivations for night market stakeholders and consumers

本研究對象為夜市利害關係人與消費者，欲探討夜市科技導入之使用者需求，以找出夜市科技需求為目的。本研究的研究方法，第一階段透過學理基礎分析為基礎，將夜市各領域文獻與產業現況進行整合，且實地走訪夜市，進行環境掃描，並透過質化的深度訪談，探討夜市利害關係人的需求，嘗試以不同使用者角度與參與治理觀點角度切入，找出目前產業現象所知的使用者需求之外，再找出其他潛在的使用者需求。 第二階段以質化深度訪談結果建立量化的網路問卷，以統計數據分析消費者心理，在相關分析中顯示影響夜市的科技應用與使用科技的知覺價值互為顯著正相關；而在多元迴歸分析中顯示影響夜市的科技應用對影響夜市消費者使用科技的行為態度、使用科技的知覺價值對影響夜市消費者使用科技的行為態度、夜市消費者使用科技的行為態度對夜市消費者使用科技的意願等三個路徑結果中皆有變數為顯著正相關，透過分析結果驗證消費者對於科技使用需求的心理特質，以提供符合夜市供需雙方之使用者需求設計。 第三階段彙整出夜市科技使用者動機與需求結果，提出對夜市具參考性的科技使用需求機制與功能規劃，並進行數位內容應用建置與規劃，設計夜市APP數位內容，呈現系統架構、流程規劃與介面建置，改善夜市遭遇之問題，供未來其他研究者參考或應用於數位內容應用開發與實務上。 總結，本研究成果為：（1）彙整出夜市產業對於數位科技應用的需求與想像。（2）依據使用者需求規劃出夜市科技的系統架構與流程，並設計出夜市數位內容應用介面。（3）最終，解決夜市產業面臨的困境，增加整體對於夜市發展的參與度，提昇夜市競爭能力，供未來研究者與開發設計者能參考。The subjects of this study are night market stakeholders and consumers; the study aims to explore user demand for the introduction of technology to night markets, and to determine the demand for night market technology. The research methods employed by this study are as follows: the first part of this study is based upon theoretical foundation analysis, and combines literature related to a variety of fields related to night markets with the current state of the industry. Furthermore, on-site interviews were conducted at night markets, and surveys of the night market environment were conducted; in addition, qualitative in-depth interviews were used to determine the demands of night-market stakeholders. These methods also attempt to determine known user demands according to current industry conditions, in addition to determining other potential user demands from different user and administrative perspectives. In the second part, the results of in-depth qualitative interviews are used to establish a quantitative online questionnaire; statistical data analysis of consumer psychology and correlation analysis reveal that there is a significant and positive correlation between night-market-influencing technology applications and the perceived value of technology use; furthermore, multivariate regression analysis shows the following: according to three pathway results, variables with positive and significant correlations exist for the effect of night-market-influencing technology applications on the behavioral attitudes of night market consumers to using technology, the effect of the perceived value of technology use on behavioral attitudes that influence technology use by night market consumers, and the effect of behavioral attitudes of night market consumers towards technology use on the willingness of night market consumers to use technology. An analysis of these results was used to verify the psychological characteristics of demand for consumer technology use, and to provide a user demand design that is compatible with supply and demand conditions of night markets. The third section of this paper summarizes results related to the motivations and demands of night market technology users, and proposes technology user demand mechanisms and functional plans with referential value for night markets. Furthermore, this section describes the establishment and planning of a digital content application, design of digital content for the night market app, the system framework, and conduction of process planning and interface set-up. In addition, it addresses how the issues encountered by night markets can be resolved, and provides reference for future researchers, which can be applied to digital content application development and practice. The results of this study are as follows: it summarizes the demands and vision of the night market industry with regard to digital technology applications. According to the demands of users, it plans a system framework and process for night market technology, and designs a digital content application interface for night markets. Finally, it resolves difficulties encountered by the night market industry, and improves the overall level of participation in night market development, in addition to improving the competitiveness of night markets. Furthermore, it provides a reference for future researchers

「紐約市漢特學院附屬中學」資優教育簡介

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美國聯邦公務人員勞動三權之研究－兼論我國考試院公務人員協會法草案

長久以來，政府部門在特別權力關係的思維框架下，漠視公務人員有追求良好的薪資福利與人性化管理的需求，也經常刻意忽視公務員團體勞動權。另一方面，公務員也被認為是社會中保守穩定的一群，然隨環境的變化，公務員除須承受服務對象所施予之壓力外，更窮於應付政策更迭，因而職場上隱藏著行政管理僵化、工作氣氛不良的情況，使得公務員職業尊嚴日益低落，所以，公僕實在難為。此值新政府新政之際，實有必要全面檢討公共部門內部的勞雇關係，以新的思維變革組織文化，賦予公務人員勞動權參與組織管理。我國憲法第十四條規定：「人民有集會及結社之自由。」惟就廣義公共部門而言，我國公營事業員工及公立學校教師，皆有法律規定得參加或組織工會以主張切身利益之相關意見，唯獨常業文官卻無任何可發聲的管道。又由於「公務人員協會法草案」於八十九年九月經考試院審議通過，有關公務人員勞動權制度之設計實令人期待，倘該法能順利完成立法，我國公務人員即能依法參加或組織協會，必定對現有的公共部門勞雇關係體制造成衝擊。鑑於美國公共部門工會組織發展之歷史背景與公務員勞動權之制度規範，資料相當豐富完整，頗有攻錯之處。是以，本論文即就美國聯邦公務人員勞動三權，即團結權、團體協商權及罷工權之意涵、公部門工會組織、制度沿革、運作情形、當前發展及勞雇關係所生之影響等相關問題詳加探討，並針對我國考試院公務人員協會法草案之立法背景、研擬過程、特色及主要內容，與重要議題等加以介紹、評析，試圖以美國經驗提出我國未來可能遭遇的問題並研擬建議意見。最後，期能從美國公務人員勞動權的理論與實際，與我國公營事業工會適用之「工會法」，公立教師會適用之「教師法」及考試院「公務人員協會法草案」，與美國「聯邦公務員勞雇關係條例」作橫斷面之比較，希冀從中擷取若干合理可行之建議，供作我國未來制度興革之參考

美國印地安那州普渡大學資源中心及其教育方案

[[issue]]25

魏源《老子本義》結合考據學的義理改造

[[abstract]]乾嘉考據學興起後，子學所蘊含的意趣又重新受到學者關懷。在解 經方法上講究經、子互證或以子證經的途徑，子書大抵成為釋經的重要 線索。不過，此時諸子學仍只是經學研治的附傭，直到清中晚葉以降， 子學有進一步發展，才獨立於經學考證的範疇。 晚清時，魏源亦承襲乾嘉考據學的方法，所著《老子本義》一書大 抵以考據成篇，並援引歷代註家之說而辨證其中思想。在典籍詮釋方面， 魏源並非一味固守儒學來理解《老子》，而是能投入當代「經世致用」的 視野，並重新以考據法來定位老子其人其書的思維，如〈論老子〉四篇 的意趣便頗不同於前儒說法，而對《老子》章節的編排亦異於前學。其 又借助「儒老會通」、「以經證子」、「以子證子」方法，進而落實了其義 理改造的思維