A Radical Epistemology: Feminist Standpoint Theory

女性主义立场论是一种批判的女性主义知识论,它以统一的女性主义立场为出发点,以女性和其他边缘人群的生活经验为背景和来源,以强调女性认知特权为手段,以追求语境化知识和价值负载的强客观性为目标,力图消灭包括性别压迫在内的一切压迫和等级制度,建构一种真正解放的知识论。女性主义立场论虽有不少困境,然而作为一种新兴的主流的女性主Feminist standpoint theory is a critical feminist epistemology. It begins with a claim of unified feminist standpoints, and its background and source are the living experience of female and marginalized crowd. It means to emphasize its epistemic privilege with a goal to pursue situated knowledge and strong objectivity. It strives to exterminate the whole oppression and the caste system which include sexual oppression, and construct a really liberated epistemology. Feminist standpoint theory, which is a newly arisen and main feminist epistemology, has a few of predicaments, but it produces some important contributions to epistemology.中国博士后科学基金《知识与语境:当代西方知识论对知识论怀疑主义难题的解答》(编号为20060400594)的阶段性成果之一

薄膜/基体的热失配致界面层裂研究

本文研究了热失配引起的残余应力作用下的薄膜/基体体系的界面层裂特征。假设薄膜和基体材料分别为弹塑性材料和弹性材料,薄膜/基体界面的层裂采用复合型的粘聚力模型来刻画。研究了对应不同薄膜材料参数和不同界面参数情况的界面层裂发生机制,给出了层裂发生时临界温度荷载与薄膜/基体几何参数、材料参数以及模型参数之间的关系

女性主义知识论对认知主体的探讨

传统知识论的架构下,认知主体具有普遍性、抽象性的特征。女性主义知识论肯定了性别对认知主体的意义,指出科学认识活动中的性别成见,影响了知识的生产。女性主义知识论认为认知主体具有情境化和多元化的特征。要确立女性主义知识论的合理性,传统知识图景需要做出相应的调整,对认知主体的重新认识表明了女性主义对哲学的影响。国家社科基金青年项目《女性主义知识论研究》(08CZX015

认识与特权——女性主义立场论中的认知特权论研究

女性主义立场论主张,认知具有特权性。认知特权论的理论来源是黑格尔的主奴辩证关系和马克思主义的无产阶级立场论。认知特权表现在:压迫地位、中心性、认知类型和集体自我意识四个方面。弱势群体的立场和经验具有认知特权的原因主要在于能提供新的研究问题,更少偏见和歪曲,更具客观性。特权立场具有后天获得性、多样性和拥有的非完全排他性等特点。认知特权论在知识论和政治实践两个方面都受到了质疑。教育部社科研究青年基金项目“知识与语境”(项目号:07JC720007)的阶段性成

偏见悖论及其解答

女性主义经验论在性别与知识相互关系的解释上,与其知识论方案之间存在着不一致之处,这就是女性主义的偏见悖论。女性主义知识论认为,可以通过拒斥无偏见性以及重建偏见性和客观性来消解偏见悖论,但是消解偏见悖论的关键在于取消根植于悖论之下的理论预设,即影响科学研究的偏见必须为那些容易产生真理的纯粹的认知因素所代替。女性主义知识论者进而认为,不是所有的偏见在认识上都是不好的,有些偏见是认识的资源,有些偏见则是错误之源。国家社会科学基金项目(08CZX015

深化实验教学改革 全面培养学生能力

大学化学实验教学在化学教学环节中占有重要的地位。通过对实验体系及实验内容的改革,增加自行设计型实验和综合性实验,把多媒体教学引入实验教学中,加深学生对化学基本理论和概念的理解,培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力和创新精神,提高自身综合素质

HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHESIS AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOSIZED NICKEL ZINC FERRITE POWDER

用水热法分别在200℃和220℃下反应5h制备了纳米级镍锌铁氧体(Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4)粉体。用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)分析合成的纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4的物相,结果表明:200℃水热反应5h得到的纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粉体中含有γ-Fe2O3,220℃水热反应5h可以得到纯纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粉体。用透射电镜(transmission electronmicroscope,TEM)、Mssbauer谱(Mssbauer spectroscopy,MS)、Fourier红外分析(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)、振动样品磁强计(vibrating sample magnetometer,VSM)等方法表征纯纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粉体。TEM结果表明:纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粉体粒子为球形,粒径约为20nm。室温MS结果表明:大部分纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粉体粒子表现出铁磁性,少量的表现出超顺磁性。FTIR分析表明:样品在577cm-1和420cm-1处出现NiZn铁氧体的特征峰。磁滞回线结果表明:纳米Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4粉体粒子的饱和磁化强度为38.14A?m2/kg,剩磁为17.32A?m2/kg,矫顽力为29275.29A/m。Nanosized nickel zinc ferrite(Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4)powder was synthesized by the hydrothermal synthesis method at 200℃ and 220 ℃for 5h,respectively.An X-ray diffraction(XRD)was adopted for the characterization of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powder.It is concluded that the Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powder containedγ-Fe2O3 when it is synthesized at 200 ℃for 5h,and pure Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powder were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis at 220 ℃for 5h.The pure powder was characterized by a transmission electron micro-scope(TEM),Mssbauer spectrum(MS),Fourier transform spectroscopy(FTIR),and magnometry using a vibrating sample magne-tometer(VSM).The TEM results show that Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles are round,and are about 20 nm in diameter.The MS results reveal that most of the Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles show ferromagnetism and a small quantity of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 exhibit superpara-magnetic relaxation.The FTIR results show that the bands at 577 cm-1 and 420 cm-1 are the characteristic bands of NiZn ferrite.The saturated magnetization,remanence and coercivity of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powder are 38.14 A·m2/kg,17.32 A·m2/kg and 29 275.29 A/m,respectively.The powder exhibits good magnetic properties.深圳大学科研(4CHQ)资助项

Fabrication of high-quality micro-cavity for filter cell of rubidium atomic clock

在芯片级铷原子钟中,需要微腔体来承载rb—87滤光泡,为此,提出了一种用于制作高品质微腔体的新技术。为了获得光滑的腔体侧面和避免腐蚀过程中凸角处产生削角现象,研究中采用了超声腐蚀技术和凸角补偿技术。首先,分别在纯kOH溶液,并结合搅拌和超声等方法,对(100)硅片进行湿法腐蚀,并运用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对腐蚀后的{111}表面进行粗糙度测量,表明运用超声腐蚀技术可以获得光滑的{111}腔体侧面。在此基础上,引入条形掩模凸角补偿方法进行微腔体腐蚀。实验结果表明:在80℃、质量分数为30%kOH、超声频率和功率分别为59 kHz和160 W的溶液中腐蚀,其{111}腐蚀表面粗糙度为0.117μM,同时条形的长度取1200μM时,可以获得平滑规整的微腔体。In chip-scale rubidium atomic clock,the Rb—87 filter is required to be loaded in micro-cavity,so present a new technology for fabrication of the high-quality micro-cavity.In order to gain smooth side surfaces,i.e.Si( 111) plane,of micro-cavity and to avoid undercutting at the concave corner,ultrasonic etching and concave corner compensation techniques are used.First,silicon( 100) wafer is wet etched in the pure KOH etching solution with ultrasonic and stirring,and the roughness of Si { 111 } wet-etched surface is measured by laser scanning confocal microscope( LSCM).On this basis,a strip mask compensation method for concave corner is adopted for micro-cavity etching.The results show that the etched Si{ 111} surface roughness can achieve 0.117 μm( RMS) in mass fraction 30 % KOH etching solution at 80 ℃ with ultrasonic frequency of 59 kHz and power of 160 W,and when the strip length is 1 200 μm,smooth micro-cavity can be obtained.福建省重大科技项目前期研究计划资助项目(2005HZ1021

汉字词义联想引起的脑事件相关电位变化

<正> 实验模式:以声音为预备信号,1.5秒后于荧光屏上呈现一个提示字,其后1.5秒再于荧光屏上呈现一个操作字。间隔6—10秒后以同一预备信号导出另一对提示字与操作字,如此重复,每项实验呈现120对字。提示字是常见字,操作字与提示字音同形似。在无关对照实验中则提示字与操作字音、形、义皆异。令被试者于操作字呈现后用其联想出另一个