An Analysis of the Interaction between River Water, Groundwater and Seawater in Minjiang River Estuary Region, Fujian Province, Based on Stable Isotopes D and ~(18)O

为了揭示闽江河口两岸的地下水形成演化规律以及河口区河水、地下水和海水的相互作用,分别于2009年枯水期(10至11月)和2010年丰水期(7至8月),在闽江河口区采集了河水、地下水和海水样品,测定了水样的氢氧稳定同位素组成和盐度。研究结果表明:(1)闽江河口两岸的浅层地下水主要接受降水补给,北岸地下水还接受山区基岩裂隙水补给,南岸浅层地下水在枯水期还接受经过蒸发作用的灌溉水补给;(2)闽江河口区,枯、丰水期河水与地下水的补排关系始终表现为地下水补给河水,枯水期南岸地下水在河口混合中的贡献明显增大;(3)海岸带含水层基本上不存在海水入侵,仅局部含水层有微弱的海水入侵迹象;(4)丰水期和枯水期的淡咸水混合带在河口中的位置和混合类型存在明显差异。The aim of this study is to reveal the origin and evolution of groundwater as well as the interaction between groundwater, river water and seawater.During both the dry season (October and November) and the wet season (July and August) of 2009, the authors collected fresh river water and brackish water samples in Minjiang River estuary, groundwater samples near Minjiang River estuary, and seawater samples in Taiwan Strait, then measured salinity, D and 18 O isotopic composition for the water samples.Some conclusions have been reached: (1) the unconfined groundwater on both sides of Minjiang River estuary is mainly recharged by rainfall, the groundwater on the northern side is also recharged by the bedrock fissure groundwater, and the groundwater on the southern side is also recharged by the irrigation water in the dry season, which has somewhat experienced evaporation before discharging; (2) the interaction between river water and groundwater always shows that the groundwater recharges to the river water occur in both dry season and wet season, and the mixing ratio of groundwater from the southern side of Min River estuary significantly increases in the dry season; (3) the seawater intrusion in the costal aquifer doesn’t exist on the whole, and this kind of phenomenon just occurs locally in a small part of the costal aquifer; (4) the site and mixture type of the mixed zone between fresh and brackish water in the estuary in the dry season is clearly different from those in the wet season.福建省重点基金项目(编号:2009I0025); 国家自然科学基金项目(编号:41072174)联合资

单模量子级联激光器线阵列结构

一种单模量子级联激光器线阵列结构，其特征在于，该结构包括:一衬底;多个脊形单元，该多个脊形单元依序纵向制作在衬底上，形成脊形结构列;一隔离层，该隔离层制作在多个脊形单元和衬底的表面，该隔离层在该多个脊形单元的上表面为断开，形成电注入窗口;一上欧姆接触层，该上欧姆接触层制作在隔离层以及电注入窗口上;一下欧姆接触层，该下欧姆接触层制作在衬底的下表面

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS of THE SURFACE SEDIMENTS IN THE MINJIANG RIVER ESTUARY AND ITS ADJACENT SEA AREA

闽江是我国东南沿海地区最大的河流,年径流量位居全国第3位。对采自闽江下游及闽江口邻近海域的沉积物分析表明,沉积物以SIO2含量高、Al2O3等组分的含量较低为特点。样品中碎屑矿物主要是石英、斜长石、正长石、白云母和绿泥石。从SIO2看,闽江沉积物与石英砂岩的成分较接近,不同于浅海沉积物,与黄河、长江、珠江三大河流也有较大差异。地形地貌及水动力条件控制沉积物粒度的分布,粒度又控制沉积物的组分分布。总体表现为,由陆向海,呈SIO2逐渐降低、Al2O3等组分升高的趋势。人类活动对闽侯段及闽江北港到马江段河流沉积物的影响也不容忽视。闽江流域的源区特征、水动力条件和搬运距离以及物理化学条件与生物作用对沉积物的改造,使得沉积物组分间具有良好的相关性。Minjiang River is the major river in the coast area of Southeast China and it is the third largest in terms of annual runoff over the country.According to XRF analysis of 25 sediment samples collected from the lower reaches of the Minjiang River and the adjacent waters of the Estuary,the sediments are characterized by a high SiO2,lower Al2O3 of components.The main detrital minerals of samples are quartz,plagioclase,orthoclase,muscovite and chlorite.Based on SiO2 content,the sediments composition of Minjiang River is closer to quartz sandstone,and different from the shallow sea sediments and distinct from the Yellow River,Yangtze River and Pearl River.From upper to sea,the SiO2 content is decreasing while Al2O3 increasing.It is reckoned that the topography and hydrodynamic conditions control the distribution of sediment granularity,which will further effects sediment component distribution.Moreover,human activities impact on the sediments of Minhou section and Peigang to Majiang section of the river cannot be neglected.The sediments of Minjiang River exhibit a reasonable correlation between different components which could be the combined effects of the source characteristics of the Minjiang River,the hydrodynamic conditions,the transport distance,as well as physical and chemical conditions and biological transformation of sediments.福建省科技合作重点项目“闽江物质输送对闽江口及其邻近海域的影响”(200910025

DISTRIBUTION PATTERN of SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTERS IN THE LOWER REACH AND ESTUARY of THE MINJIANG RIVER

采用重量法与浊度法对闽江下游及河口海域中的悬浮物进行了研究。通过对悬浮物的调查得出:平水期水体中悬浮物含量为5.67~493.8Mg/l,平均为114.2Mg/l,几乎所有的测站底层悬浮物含量高于表层。从上游向海方向,悬浮物呈增加趋势,高值区出现在琯头到英屿河段的底层,丰水期悬浮物含量为6.9~138.7Mg/l,平均为29.7Mg/l,呈中层>底层>表层的分布;同时,悬浮物浓度呈渐增之势,没出现悬浮物明显的富集。平水期温度、盐度、浊度断面资料显示,平水期上下层混合较为均匀,没有出现水体分层现象,在河口区有盐楔存在,最大浑浊带出现位置与盐度2~5.5的区域相对应。根据悬浮物的物质来源、水动力环境的分布特征,在调查时段内可将闽江口最大浑浊带划归为“海源——潮致型“。The distribution pattern of suspended particulate matters(SPM) in the lower reach and estuary of the Minjiang River is studied in this paper.The results suggest that SPM content in the normal period of water charge ranges from 5.67 to 493.8 mg/L,with an average of 114.2 mg/L,and the content of SPM is higher at the bottom at almost all the stations.From northwest to southeast,SPM keeps an increasing trend towards the sea.A peak value appears at the bottom layer of the Guantou to Yingyu section.SPM content during the period of high-water charge is around 6.9-138.7 mg/L,with an average of 29.7mg/L.The SPM content displays a noticeable distribution pattern of middle layer > bottom > surface.From the upper reach to the sea,the concentration of suspended matters smoothly increases,without significant enrichment.Based on the data of temperature,salinity and turbidity,it is inferred that the upper and lower layer are more or less uniformly mixed during normal-water period,and there is no stratification of water.A salt wedge regime is developed in the estuary,and the turbidity maximum zone occurs in the region where salinity is around 2-5.5.According to the source and distribution of SPM,combined with its hydrodynamic environment,it is concluded that the Minjiang River Estuary turbidity maximum zone in the period of investigation belongs to the category of "marine source and tide drive".福建省科技合作重点项目“闽江物质输送对闽江口及其邻近海域的影响”(2009I0025

Estimating groundwater discharge into Minjiang River estuary based on stable isotopes deuterium and oxygen-18

通过分析闽江河口区降水、地表水和地下水的氢氧稳定同位素特征,揭示降水的环境同位素效应和地下水的形成演化规律,定量评价河口区多种水体的混合过程及地下水输入量。夏季的降水氢氧同位素组成相对贫化,呈现出降雨量效应。在δ18O与δd关系图上,闽江北岸基岩裂隙水、平原及丘陵区浅层地下水均落在福州降水线上,而南岸平原及丘陵区浅层地下水大部分落在福州降水线右下方,其拟合线与降水线交点与5~9月农灌期降水氢氧同位素加权值接近,表明北岸地下水主要来自降水补给,而南岸地下水同时接受灌溉水和降水补给,并在入渗过程中经历了不同程度的蒸发作用。闽江河口段除接受两岸地下水补给外,局部河段还接受断裂带裂隙水补给。将线性端元混合模型、数字高程模型和地下水文分析法结合起来定量评价地下水的输入和各水体的混合过程,结果显示,在河口段淡水区,地下水混合比率上限为8.8%,其中包括0.4%的断裂带裂隙水;在河口段淡咸水混合区,淡水(河水、地下水)和海水的混合比为53∶47,其中地下水的保守混合比率为1.7%;枯水期闽江河口段地下水保守输入量为87.0 M3/S,是闽江径流量的12.8%。Through analyzing the characteristics of deuterium and oxygen-18 composition in precipitation,surface water and groundwater,this paper will reveal the isotopic effects of precipitation,the origin and evolution of groundwater,and estimate the mixing processes between various water bodies and groundwater discharge into the Minjiang River estuary.The hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of precipitation are more depleted in heavy isotopes during summer,showing the so-called amount effect.The δ18O versus δD plots for two types of water samples are on the Fuzhou local meteoric water line(LMWL).The two water types are the fissure groundwater and the shallow groundwater respectively collected from a mountainous area in the north bank of the Minjing River estuary and a piedmont plain and hilly land.By contrast,the shallow groundwater samples collected from a piedmont plain and hilly land in the south bank of the Minjiang River estuary mostly fall in the lower right side of LMWL.The intersection points of the two fitted lines on LMWL are so close to the weighted average of isotopic composition of meteoric water during the local agricultural irrigation period from May to September.The result shows that the groundwater in the north bank is mainly recharged from meteoric water,while the groundwater in the south bank is simultaneously recharged from both irrigation water and meteoric water accompanied by a different degree of evaporation during the infiltration process.In addition to the groundwater from both sides of Minjiang River estuary,fracture water from the fracture zone also locally recharge into the estuary.The linear end member mixing model,the digital elevation model and the underground hydrologic analysis are combined to quantitatively study the groundwater contribution to the estuary and the mixing processes among various water sources.The modeling results show that the maximum mixing ratio of groundwater is up to 8.8% in the freshwater zone of the estuary including 0.4% of the fracture water.In the saltwater zone of the estuary,the ratio of freshwater(river water and groundwater) to seawater is 53∶47,which includes approximately 1.7% of groundwater.The conservative estimate of groundwater discharge into the Minjiang River estuary is 87.0 m3/s which accounts for 12.8% of the Minjiang River runoff during the dry season.福建省重点基金资助项目(2009I0025);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41072174)---

在图形化的半导体衬底上制作有序半导体纳米结构的方法

本发明公开了一种在图形化的半导体衬底上制作有序半导体纳米结构的方法，包括：步骤1：选择半导体衬底，通过光刻方法在衬底上制作出条形或圆孔图形；步骤2：配置含有胶体金的溶液；步骤3：将制作出条形或圆孔图形的衬底浸入配置的含有胶体金的溶液中，并将衬底从溶液中提拉出来；步骤4：将衬底在打胶机中打胶并用化学试剂清洗；步骤5：将衬底放入生长设备的腔室中并生长单层或多层纳米结构。利用本发明，制备出了尺寸均匀、排列有序的量子线阵列，该量子线阵列可用于制作发光器件和电子器件的有源层，制备性能优异的半导体场效应晶体管、具有非常低的能量消耗的光发射器件、以及各种类型的感应器、探测器等

Distribution Characteristics of Radium and Determination of Transport Rate in the Min River Estuary Mixing Zone

入海河口中河水与海水的混合是海洋学中一个重要的界面过程,两者混合尺度和混合速率关系到河流携带物质的扩散范围和归宿,采用天然示踪剂224 rA和226 rA计算河水与海水的混合速率。2010年8月28日,采集了闽江河口区地下水样20个、河水样13个、河水与海水的混合水样12个,分别测量了每个水样的盐度、224 rA活度和226 rA活度。结果表明:地下水中224 rA、226 rA活度普遍高于河水;所有水体中的224 rA活度普遍都高于226 rA活度;河水遇到海水后,224 rA活度出现较大幅度的增加,而226 rA活度的增加并不明显。基于224 rA与226 rA半衰期的差异,在只有河水与海水发生涡流混合的情况下,计算获得河水与海水的混合速率为140.2~142.5M/H。The mixing between river water and seawater is a key interface process in the estuary.The mixing scale and rate concern the dispersion range and fate of the material transported by river.The aim of this paper is to calculate the transport rate of river plume in the estuary by using naturally occurring tracer 224 Ra and 226 Ra.In August 2010,we collected twenty groundwater samples,thirteen river water samples and twelve mixing samples in the estuary to measure the salinity,224 Ra and 226 Ra activities.The results showed that,1)224 Ra and 226 Ra activities in the groundwater samples were generally higher than those in the river water samples;2)224 Ra activity was generally higher than 226 Ra activity in every sample;3)224 Ra activity largely increased when river water mixed with seawater,however,226 Ra activity increased slightly.Based on the differences of radioactive half-life between 224 Ra and 226 Ra,and only eddy diffusion mixture occurring between river water and seawater,the transport rate for river plume in the estuary was calculated to be 140.2-142.5m/h.国家自然科学基金项目(40672166;41072174); 福建省重点基金项目(2009I0025

2种除草剂联合胁迫下日本青鳉的逐级行为响应

探讨了日本青鳉在两种除草剂阿特拉津和百草枯联合暴露下的逐级行为响应,采用水质安全在线生物预警系统(BEWs)记录行为强度数据,分析不同暴露浓度、不同暴露时间日本青鳉的行为响应.10、5、1和0.1TU的暴露浓度下行为反应时间分别为:0.74、7.7、29.4和42.2h,而每个浓度不同配比之间行为反应时间差异明显.结果表明:在两种除草剂的暴露下,日本青鳉的逐级行为响应既受化合物浓度高低的影响,又受暴露时间的影响,而且每个浓度两种药物不同配比暴露下的青鳉鱼的逐级行为响应基本一致,每个浓度不同配比之间行为反应时间差异明显,即两种作用机制不同的除草剂对日本青鳉的行为毒性是协同作用.

Cd~(2+)与2,4,6-TCP联合胁迫下日本青鳉的逐级行为响应

采用水质安全在线生物预警系统(BEWs)记录行为强度数据,探讨了2种环境污染物Cd2+和2,4,6-TCP联合胁迫下,不同暴露浓度、不同暴露时间日本青鳉的行为响应。在不同浓度比例的农药暴露中,10,5,1和0.1TU的暴露浓度下的平均行为反应时间分别为3.9,7.2,28.2和43.6h。结果表明,在2种污染物的暴露下,日本青鳉的逐级行为响应既受化合物浓度高低的影响,又受暴露时间的影响,但每个浓度的不同配比之间的行为响应时间差异不明显,而且每个浓度2种污染物不同配比暴露下日本青鳉的逐级行为响应基本一致。日本青鳉对Cd2+污染的行为反应具有明显的滞后性,即由于毒性累积作用,Cd2+对日本青鳉产生的环境胁迫小于相同浓度的2,4,6-TCP。