A preliminary study on the induction of spawning by sex pheromones in Bostrichthys sinensis

在陶瓷人工产卵管道内吊挂性外激素的研究表明,卵巢提取液对雄鱼的吸引作用大于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液对雌鱼的吸引作用则大于雄鱼,17α-P、17α,20β-P和PGE2对雌鱼和雄鱼均具有相似的吸引作用。雌鱼在管道内的产卵次数、产卵量以及成熟卵的受精率均与产卵管道内吊挂的性外激素种类有关,17α,20β-P和PGE2两个实验组产卵次数最多,其中PGE2实验组的产卵量和受精率最高。17α-P在贮精囊和精巢提取液中的含量显著高于卵巢提取液(P精巢提取液>卵巢提取液。卵巢提取液刺激雄鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雌鱼,而精巢和贮精囊提取液刺激雌鱼所引起的平均EOG高于雄鱼,雌鱼和雄鱼对17α-P、17α,20β-P、PGE2和PGF2α刺激所产生的平均EOG,以PGE2为最高。The results obtained from fixing sex pheromones to the inside surface of the artificial ceramic spawning nests showed that ovarian extract attracted more males than females to enter the nests, while testis extract and seminal vesicle extract attracted more females than males. 17α-P, 17α, 20β-P and PGE_2 were equally effective in attracting both females and males. Spawning frequencies and the spawned egg number of females as well as fertilization rates were related to different kinds of sex pheromones. The most spawning frequencies were found in both 17α, 20β-P and PGE_2 treated groups. The greatest spawned egg number and the highest fertilization rate were observed in PGE_2 group. The levels of 17α-P in seminal vesicle extract and testis extract were significantly higher (Ptestis extract>ovarian extract. The mean EOG, stimulated by ovarian extract, was higher in males than in females, whereas the mean EOGs, stimulated by testis or seminal vesicle extract, were higher in females than in males. The mean highest EOG of both females and males in response to 17α-P,17α, 20β-P,PGE_2 and PGF_(2α) was observed in PGE_2 group.国家自然科学基金资助项目(40276040

肝素降解和低分子量肝素的制备

综述了化学法和酶法制备低分子量肝素的研究进展。化学法包括亚硝酸降解法、β 消去降解法、过氧化氢降解法、高碘酸降解法、硫酸 氯磺酸降解法、次氯酸降解法。酶法主要是肝素酶降解法。对各种制备低分子量肝素方法的特点进行比较 ,并对分子量测定方法和特点进行了讨论

肝素降解和低分子量肝素的制备

综述了化学法和酶法制备低分子量肝素的研究进展，化学法包括亚硝酸降解法，β－消去降解法，过氧化氢降解法，高碘酸降解法，硫酸－氯磺酸降解法，次氯酸降解法，酶法主要是肝素酶降解法，对各种制备低分子量肝素方法的特点进行比较，并对分子量测定方法和特点进行了讨论

生物医用Ti-55Ta-xSi合金的微观组织、力学性能及形状记忆特性(英文)

研究Si元素的添加对Ti-55Ta合金的微观组织、力学性能及形状记忆特性的影响。结果表明:合金的微观组织主要由α''马氏体相和少量β相组成;当添加Si时,合金晶粒明显细化,且当x=0.2时,合金中开始析出沉淀相,这些沉淀相主要集中在晶界处,可以阻碍晶粒长大,从而进一步细化合金晶粒。背散射电子衍射分析表明,该沉淀相为(Ti,Ta)3Si相。Ti-55Ta-xSi合金的拉伸应力—应变曲线呈现明显的双屈服现象,且随着Si含量的增加,合金的拉伸和屈服强度升高,伸长率反而减小。Si的添加可以明显改善Ti-55Ta合金的形状记忆效应,且在x=0.1时,合金呈现出最大的形状记忆效应及最低的弹性模量

ON SEX PHEROMONES INDUCED SPAWNING OF CHINESE BLACK SLEEPER BOSTRICHTHYS SINENSIS

以人工合成的17α-羟孕酮(17α-P)、17α,20β-双羟孕酮(17α,20β-P)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)和前列腺素F2α(PGF2α)作为性信息素,吊挂在陶瓷管道内诱发性成熟野生和养殖中华乌塘鳢产卵,以陶瓷管道产卵率、总产卵量和平均受精率为指标,比较了两者的产卵效应,测定了产卵水和生活水(未产卵水)中PGE2和PGF2α的含量以及性腺提取液中17α-P、PGE2和PGF2α的含量。结果表明,性信息素能明显提高诱发中华乌塘鳢的产卵效应。在同等实验条件下,诱发野生鱼的产卵效应优于养殖鱼。野生鱼和养殖鱼产卵水中的PGE2和PGF2α水平分别高于生活水中的,野生鱼和养殖鱼产卵水中的PGE2水平均极显著高于PGF2α(P<0.01)。PGE2在卵巢、精巢和贮精囊提取液中的含量,野生鱼均高于养殖鱼。The authors used synthetic steroids 17α-P and 17α,20β-P,and prostaglandins PGE_2 and PGF_ 2α as sex pheromones to induce spawning for the wild and cultured mature Chinese black sleepers(Bostrichthys sinensis).Effects of these sex pheromones on spawning were compared between the wild fish and cultured ones in nest spawning rate,total number of eggs,and mean fertilization rate.PGE_2 and PGF_ 2α levels of the spawning and holding waters,and 17α-P,PGE_2 and PGF_ 2α levels of the gonadal extracts were determined,separately and respectively. The wild fish were caught in the intertidal zone of Jiulong River estuarine,Fujian,10.5—19.3cm in body length and 20.2—139.0g in body weight,and the cultured ones were collected from farming ponds in Dongshan County,Fujian,11.7—17.4cm in body length and 62.9—151.6g in body weight.Plastic tanks(81cm×58cm×45cm)were used in the experiment.Artificial ceramic nests were placed on the bottoms of the tanks,two nests each tank,and then two pairs of mature fish,induced by hormones,were introduced into every tank.The fish were randomly divided into four hormonal treated groups(i.e.17α-P,17α,20β-P,PGE_2 and PGF_ 2α ).Induction of spawning for both wild and cultured fish were investigated in three equivalent trials respectively,in two tanks for each trial conducted in parallel.Solution of synthetic steroids 17α-P,17α,20β-P,prostaglandins PGE_2 and PGF_ 2α was injected into a plastic tube at a dosage of 100μg,and then the plastic tube was fixed inside the ceramic nest.Each plastic tube containing sex pheromone solution was pluged by a piece of cotton.In this case,sex pheromones seeped slowly through the cotton into the inner water of the nests.During the experiment,water temperature varied from 23.5℃ to 29.5℃.17α-P,PGE_2 and PGF_2 levels in the extracts of ovary,testis and seminal vesicle,as well as in spawning and holding waters were determined by enzyme-linked immunosobent assay(ELISA). The results showed that sex pheromones evidently increased the spawning efficiency of the wild fish.The nest spawning rate,the total number of eggs and the mean fertilization rate in the sex pheromone treated groups were higher than those of the control.The highest nest spawning rate was found in the 17α-P treated group,followed by the 17α,20β-P treated group,PGE_2 treated group and PGF_ 2α treated group in order.The largest egg number was obtained from the 17α-P treated group,followed by PGE_2 treated group,PGF_ 2α treated group and 17α,20β-P treated group,and each of them was larger than that of the control respectively.The mean highest fertilization rate was found in the PGE_2 treated group,followed by 17α-P treated group,17α,20β-P treated group and PGF_ 2α treated group.The highest fertilization rate of each treated group reached above 98%.Sex pheromones were more effective in inducing spawning of the wild fish than the cultured ones under the same conditions.The nest spawning rates of the wild fish were 9 and 4 times higher than those of the cultured ones treated with 17α-P and 17α,20β-P,respectively.The total egg numbers of the wild fish were 52.8 and 54.9 times as many as those of the cultured ones treated with PGE_2 and PGF_ 2α respectively.PGE_2 and PGF_ 2α levels of the spawning water were higher than those of the holding water of the wild fish and the cultured ones.PGE_2 levels were significantly higher than PGF_ 2α in the spawning waters of the wild fish and the cultured ones.Ovarian 17α-P level of the wild fish was higher than that of the cultured fish,but not significantly. PGE_2 levels of ovary,testis and seminal vesicle of the wild fish were higher than those of the cultured ones correspondently.PGF_ 2α levels of ovary and testis of the wild fish were similar to those of the cultured ones.国家自然科学基金资助项目,40476056号、30170739号

南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游生态环境影响研究

研究了南水北调中线工程实施后对汉江中下游地区造成的生态环境影响和经济损益。由于汉江水流量和水环境容量减小 ,将引起汉江水生生物种群和数量的减少并给两岸工农业生产和人民生活带来很大影响 ,经济损失约在 12 0 .5 2亿元左右。提出了相应的补偿措施 :加大沿岸城镇入江废 (污 )水的处理深度 ,以补偿水环境容量的损失 ;兴建碾盘山梯级 ;实施引江济汉工程