闽南文化研究国际笔谈会论点选载

2013年12月21日,由闽南师范大学闽南文化研究院主办的“2013闽南文化研究国际笔谈会“在国际学术交流中心召开。来自海峡两岸及日本、新加坡等国家的闽南文化研究方面的专家、学者二十余人出席了会议。会议围绕着闽南文化的内涵、外延及特征,闽南文化的当代价值与社会功能,闽南文化研究的理论与方法,闽南文化的跨文化阐释,闽南文化的世界性及其意义,闽南文化与两岸交流,闽南文化的生态保护,闽南文化学科建设与人才培养等议题展开了深入的研讨,言简意赅,探幽发微,对当下闽南文化理论研究势必产生积极的影响。本期节录专家们的精彩发言,以飨读者,也希望由此来带动和促进闽南文化研究的进一步升华

Review on the Dietary Effects of Phospholipid on Growth and Survival of Larval Fish and Crustacean

实验证实 ,饲料中添加磷脂有促进鱼类和甲壳类幼体生长、存活的作用 ,但其作用机理目前尚不明确 .根据国内外的研究 ,磷脂的作用机理有多方面 :为细胞的形成和更新提供磷脂源 ;提供能量、必需脂肪酸和肌醇、胆碱 ;促进脂类的吸收和转运 ;改善饲料特性 ;影响ATP酶活性等 .影响磷脂作用的因素也十分复杂 ,包括生物的种类和发育阶段 ;磷脂的种类 ;磷脂中脂肪酸组成 ;饲料中其它组分 (如蛋白质和胆固醇 ) .饲料中磷脂影响鱼类和甲壳类幼体生长发育的作用机理还有待进一步的研究 .A beneficial effect of dietary phospholipid (PL) supplementation in diets in terms of survival and growth has been demonstrated in larval and juvenile stages of various species of fish and crustaceans. The understanding of the metabolism of phospholipid is various, such as meet the requirements for the formation of cell components; provide choline, inositol, efficient fat acid (EFA) and energy; assist the emulsification and digestion of efficient lipid; improve of diet properties; improve the ATPase activities. Factors influencing the effects of phospholipid are various too, such as the species and stage of animals; different source and different composition of phospholipid; and the other compositions in diets.福建省自然科学基金资助项目 ( 13 9910 0 0 7)

EFFECT OF LECITHIN ON THE Ca~(2+)-ATPASE AND Na~+,K~+-ATPASE ACTIVITIES OF JUVENILE Plectorhynchus cinctus

为探索卵磷脂影响幼鱼生长存活的作用机制 ,采用不同卵磷脂添加量的配合饲料投喂花尾胡椒鲷(Plectorhynchuscinctus)幼鱼 ,采用孔雀绿比色法同步测定幼鱼的Ca2 + ATP酶和Na+,K+ ATP酶活性。结果表明 ,饲料中添加适量卵磷脂可显著提高花尾胡椒鲷幼鱼Ca2 + ATP酶和Na+,K+ ATP酶活性 ,且卵磷脂含量为3 %的配合饲料投喂的花尾胡椒鲷幼鱼Ca2 + ATP酶活性最高 ,而卵磷脂含量为2 %的Na+,K+ ATP酶活性最高CHEN Yan1 WANG Chong gang1 CHEN Pin jian1 XIE Yang jie2 CAI Ke xia1( 1Department of Biology, Xiamen University, 316005 )( 2 Department of Aquaculture, Jimei University, 361027 )福建省自然科学基金资助项目139910007

Effect of lecithin on the glutathione S-transferase, glutathione pheroidase activitiesand DNA integrity of juvenile Plectorynchus cinctus

采用不同卵磷脂添加量的配合饲料投喂花尾胡椒鲷(Plectorhyncchuscinctus)幼鱼,同步测定幼鱼的谷胱甘肽-硫-转移酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性以及DNA完整程度。结果表明,谷胱甘肽-硫-转移酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性随着饲料中卵磷脂含量的增加而提高,而DNA单链断裂程度随着饲料中卵磷脂含量的增加而减少。这提示卵磷脂能够提高鱼体的抗氧化防御系统的机能。The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplemental lecithin in the diet on juvenile Plectorhynchus cinctus. Five isocaloric diets were formulated by the addition of different levels (0,2,4,6,8g/100g diet) of soybean lecithin. The diets were fed to the five groups of juvenile Plectorhynchus cinctus for ten days. The glutathione S- transferase (GST) and glutathione pheroidase (GPx) activities, DNA integrity of juvenile Plectorhynchus cinctus were as- sayed simultaneously. The results indicated that the GST and GPx activities were elevated with increasing of lecithin levels in the diets, the extent of DNA single breaks decreased with the increasing of lecithin levels in the diets. This suggested that lecithin would enhance the function of the antioxidant defend system in the fish.福建省自然科学基金资助项目(139910007

Effects of Soy Lecithin in Diet on Growth in Young Plectorhynchus cinctus

实验采用不同卵磷脂添加量[0,2,4,6,8,10:100(w/w饲料)]的配合饲料投喂花尾胡椒鲷(Plectorhynchus cinctus)幼鱼,对卵磷脂影响幼鱼生长存活的作用机制进行初步研究.投喂10 d后,幼鱼体重随着饲料中卵磷脂添加量的增加而增加,而成活率则在添加量为4∶100时最高.在添加卵磷脂组中,幼鱼蛋白酶活性基本上随着添加量的增加而增加,对照组的蛋白酶活性则异常地高;脂肪酶活性在卵磷脂添加量为2∶100时最高,而后随着添加量的增加而下降;添加组的α-淀粉酶活性比对照组的高.饲料中添加卵磷脂可显著提高花尾胡椒鲷幼鱼Ca2+-AT-Pase和鳃Na+、K+-ATPase酶活性,且卵磷脂含量为2∶100时Ca2+-ATPase和Na+、K+-AT-Pase活性最高.从结果看出,花尾胡椒鲷幼鱼的成活与Ca2+-ATPase和鳃Na+,K+-ATPase活性有关,生长与消化酶,尤其是蛋白酶活性有关.①The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary lecithin on young Plectorhynchus cinctus and investigate their probable mechanism.Six diets were formulated by the addition of different levels(0,2,4,6,8,10 : 100(w/w) of diet) of soy lecithin.The diets were fed to the six groups of young Plectorhynchus cinctus for ten days.The experimental result indicated that growth of the fish was improved with the increasing of the lecithin level in the diets,but the survival rate was the highest when 4:100 lecithin added to the diet.The viscera protease activities of young Plectorhynchus cinctus were generally elevated with the increasing of the lecithin from,except the protease activity in the group fed 0% lecithin in the diet was abnormally high.The lipase activity in the group fed 2:100 lecithin in the diet was the highest,the viscera lipase activities were decreased with the increasing of the lecithin level in the diets.The α-mylase activity in the groups fed lecithin was elevated than that in the control group.The addition of lecithin generally improved the viscera Ca~(2+)-ATPase and the gill Na~+/K~+-ATPase activities of young Plectorhynchus cinctus.The Ca~(2+)-ATPase and Na~+/K~+-ATPase activity was the highest in the group fed 2:100 lecithin,and decreased with the increasing of the lecithin level in the diets.The change trend of the Ca~(2+)-ATPase and Na~+/K~+-ATPase activity was similar to that of the lipase activity.These results suggested that the survival of young Plectorhynchus cinctus would be related to the Na~+/K~+-ATPase and Ca~(2+)-ATPase activity,the growth of the fish would be related to the protease activity.福建省自然科学基金项目(B9910007

应用土壤无机氮测试进行棉花氮肥推荐研究

在南疆滴灌条件下进行氮肥大田试验,对应用土壤无机氮测试进行棉花氮素营养诊断及氮肥推荐进行了研究。结果表明,滴灌随水追肥技术有明显的增产节肥作用。在取得皮棉2728.8 kg.hm-2时,需施氮229.5 kg.hm-2。考虑土壤供氮能力,通过测定各生育期不同层次土壤供氮量,发现其与产量有很好的相关性,确定了相应的供氮量临界值。0~40 cm土壤供氮量对棉花产量有很大的贡献,40 cm以上层次的土壤无机氮可以表征土壤供氮能力。以0~20 cm土壤无机氮为氮素诊断指标,由土壤无机氮推荐施肥表,估算出了棉花各生育期应采用的氮肥追施用量

基于渐进式聚类的局部光与材质设计技术

文中提出一种基于图形处理器(GPU,graphics processing unit)的重光照技术,可以在局部点光源,表面反射属性和视点的同时变化中,以交互式的帧率计算全局光照.为了支持这些变化,选择在运行时刻模拟光能的物理传播过程.尽管这种模拟往往由于计算代价过于昂贵而难以被交互式系统采用,但是文中通过引入一个被称为传播树的层次性结构来大大降低模拟计算的开销.在误差允许的范围内,传播树将近似的发光面片进行聚类,然后便可以使用聚类的代表面片来近似整个场景.另外,还挖掘出了光能分布场在空间上和时间上的连续性,并以此为基础对聚类进行渐进式调整,以避免在每一帧中都得从头计算聚类划分,这就叫渐进式聚类.由于采样点之间的可见性可以预计算,把本来很复杂的间接光照计算问题化解成了简单的累加和少量的合并与分裂操作,即聚类代表所发射出的光能的累加以及聚类的合并与分裂.而累加、合并和分裂都是可以直接在图形硬件上并行执行的.在材质动画和场景装修等实际应用中,使用文中技术能够以交互式的速度生成带有多次反射效果的全局光照

黑龙江木本植物盛花期对气候变暖的响应

本文利用黑龙江省森林植物园50种木本植物52年的盛花期观测数据和该地区过去52年间全年和每个月的温度数据,探讨黑龙江地区木本植物盛花期对气候变暖的响应,同时分析了生活型(乔木vs.灌木)和果实类型(肉质vs.非肉质)在这种响应方面的差异。结果表明:研究地点在过去的52年里升温趋势明显,全年平均温度或春季平均温度的变化幅度每10年均升高达0.49℃,高于全球和全国的平均水平;50种植物中,多数植物(76%)盛花期主要与4月或5月平均温度显著相关,盛花期对气候变暖响应明显,平均提前2.09 d/℃,但提前速率存在明显的种间差异。其余12个种(24%)的盛花期不受温度升高影响或影响不显著;不同物种盛花期对春季不同月份平均温度变化的响应存在差异,大多数(34种)开花较早的物种与4月平均温度变化呈极显著(P<0.01)或显著相关(P<0.05),少数(4种)开花较晚的物种与5月平均温度变化显著相关(P<0.05);生活型(乔木vs.灌木)和果实类型(肉质vs.非肉质)对这种响应未表现出显著的相关性。上述研究结果初步揭示了我国东北地区木本植物盛花期对气候变暖的响应特点,与国内外同类研究的结论基本一致并相互佐证