A study on Building Red Bull Energy Drink Brand

品牌是产品形象的代表，是产品的生命所在，是现代产品成功的一个主要条件。产品如何利用品牌力量来发展自身已成为当前市场营销的一个研究热点。当今世界经济快速发展，亚洲在世界经济发展中的地位显得举足轻重，亚洲产品的品牌在国际市场上发挥越来越大的影响力。 红牛是泰国饮料业中历史较为悠久、影响力较大的品牌。在30多年的历史中，红牛由泰国本土品牌发展成国际功能饮料品牌。几经市场洗礼，从补品变成维生素饮料，市场目标从低层消费者（劳动者）变为中层消费者（年轻人、学生和工作人员），市场策略从“口头表达”和“抽奖活动”变成“体育运动”、“音乐活动”和“社会责任活动”等，红牛品牌的创建显示了亚洲品牌立足本土、走向国...Brand represents the image of a product. It is a form of wholly advertising to buyers and endorses the product’s value. Asian’s brands are more and more important in the international market. One of the most debatable topics in marketing is how a product uses the brand power for its development. Having a strong and solid brand name from Thailand market, Red Bull attained a reputable name all over...学位：文学硕士院系专业：人文学院新闻传播系_传播学学号：1012006115346

ESCA Studies on Adsorption and Decomposition of Formic and Acetic Acids ZrO_2 SurFaces

利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和紫外光电子能谱（uPS）等表面分析方法，表征了甲酸和乙酸在zrO2表面的反应和吸附态。室温下，甲酸在zrO2表面以HCOO-（A）的形态被吸附，部分HCOO-（A）进一步分解产生O--(2-)（A），HCO（A）和CH_X（A），加热有利于表面甲酸根的分解。乙酸在zrO2表面的反应与甲酸相似。甲酸和乙酸在zrO2表面的吸附实质就是表面酸碱中和反应。The adsorption and decomposition of Formic and acetic acids on ZrO2 surFaces were studied by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) .At room temperature,Formic acid is adsorbed on ZrO2 surFace in the Form of HCOO-(a),part of which are Further decomposed into O--2-(a), HCO(a) and CHx(a), heating is Favorable to decomposition of Formic radical.The reaction of acetic acid on ZrO2 surFace is similarto that of Formic acid.The reactions of Formic and acetic acids on ZrO2 surFaces are essentially a neutralization reaction of acid and base

Preparation and Characterization of Nano material of Pt Pb Sb Supported on Glassy Carbon

:通过电化学方法在玻碳表面沉积催化物质研制Sb Pb Pt合金纳米材料。运用循环伏安(CV)、石英晶体微天平 (EQCM)、扫描隧道显微镜 (STM)和X 光电子能谱 (XPS)等技术对其进行表征。结果指出 ,碳载Sb Pb Pt电催化纳米材料的稳定性明显高于电有机合成中常用的Pb和Sb等电极。在酸性介质中碳载Sb Pb Pt电催化纳米材料电极上氢的析出电位负移至 - 0 45V ,有较高的电还原应用价值。通过EQCM技术对纳米薄膜合金电极的形成过程进行原位跟踪和STM观察 ,表明所研制的Sb Pb Pt纳米材料是由粒度均匀的纳米颗粒组成的合金薄膜。The electrocatalysts Pt Pb Sb nano material supported on glassy carbon(GC) were prepared by electrochemical co deposition method.The structure and properties of these electrocatalysts were studied through techniques of cyclic voltammetry,electrochemical quartz microbalance (EQCM),scanning tunneling microscopy (STM.) and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The results demonstrated that the hydrogen evolution on the prepared electrocatalysts was postponed to -0 45 V,i.e.,200 mV was shifted negatively in comparison with the hydrogen evolution on a platinum electrode.In addition,the oxidation potential of Pb and Sb components in the alloy film was positively shifted to above 0 15 V,which was much higher than the oxidation potential of Pb and Sb metal electrode.The stability of the alloy thin film electrode was confirmed to be higher than that of Pb,Sb,Cu metal electrodes employed usually in organic electrosynthesis.The process of formation of alloy film was studied by means of EQCM,STM and XPS.The results converged to illustrate that the surface of the alloy thin film was constructed of nano particles with regular size of about 10 nano meters.福建省自然科学基金 !(E9910 0 0 3 ), (E9810 0 0 1)资助课

THE KINETICS OF THE SIMULTANEOUS ADSORPTION OF Pb~(2+) AND Cd~(2+) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM IN THE FORM OF PELLET

[中文文摘]采用间歇法,利用黄孢展齿革菌菌丝球吸附溶液中的Pb2+ 和Cd2+,研究Pb2+ 和Cd2+ 共存体系中吸附初速率随初始浓度的变化规律。实验结果表明,少量Cd2+ 的存在促进其对Pb2+的吸附,并提高吸附初速率,但随着Cd2+ 初始浓度的增加,促进作用逐渐减弱并转为抑制作用;Cd2+,的吸附初速率随着Pb2+,初始浓度增大而减小;Pb2+,和Cd2+,的吸附初速率都随自身初始浓度的增加而增大。[英文文摘]In this paper, the kinetic s of the simultaneous adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solutions by phanerochaete chrysosporium in the form of pellet was reported. The effects of initial concentration on the initial adsorption rate were examined. The experimental results showed that Cd2+ of low initial concentration in Pb2+ solution could increase the adsorption initial rate of Pb2＋, and promote the adsorption capacity of Pb2＋by phanerochaete chrysosporium, but this positive effect decreased gradually and then turned to be negative with the increase of the initial concentration of Cd2+. The initial adsorption rate of Cd2+ decreased while the initial concentration of Pb2＋ increased. The initial adsorption rate of Cd2+ and Pb2＋ increased while their respective initial concentration increased.国家教委留学回国人员科研启动基金资

Establishment of New Research System to Combine Electrochemistry and Electron Spectroscopy and the Investigations of SurFace Chemical States of Pt/Biad Electrode

固/液界面电化学体系与超高真空电子能谱双向转移及其研究系统的建立和对PT/bI_（Ad）电极表面化学状态的研究孙世刚，陈声培，陈宝珠，徐富春，薛国庆，林文锋，葛福云（厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室、化学系、物理化学研究所、科学仪器系，分析测试？..A new research system,which allows samples to be transFerred rapidly and without contamination between electrochemical environment and ultra-hight-vacuum chamber,has been set up recently.This system is of interest to combine investigations on structure and proporties of solid surFace at both solid/liquid and solid/gas interFaces.The prelimiary study of Pt/Biad electrode at levels of chemical environment and electronic structure demonstrated the success of the system established.The XPS data indicate that two oxidation states of Bi adatom existe on Pt/Biad electrode surFace.The present results give new interpretation of the promoting mechanism of Bi adatom in electrocatalysis.国家自然科学基

The Adsorption and Decomposition of CH_3OH,CO,CO_2 on Clean and Preoxidised Pd(111)SurFaces

用uPS和XPS等表面分析方法，研究了CH＿3OH、CO和CO＿2等小分子在Pd（1111）单晶及其预氧化表面的吸附性质。室温下，CH＿3OH在清洁的Pd（111）表面以CH＿3O￣-的形态被吸附，部分分解为CH＿2；CO在Pd（111）表面首先以分子形式被吸附，尔后部分解离成C￣（8-）；CO＿2在Pd（111）表面分解C￣（8-）.CO＿（2b）和C-O键的活化与Pd表面的电子密度有关，氧化使Pd表面断裂C-O键的活性降低，而断裂O-H和C-H键的活性仍然存在。The interactions of CH_3OH,CO,CO_2 on clean and preoxidised Pd(111)sur-Faces were studied by both UPS and XPS,At room-temperature,CH_3 OH adsorption on clean Pd(111) surFace was Found to methoxy,CH_3O(ad)species,subsequently, C-O bond was activated toform adsorbed methyl, CH_x.Only C(ad)and CO(ad)species were observed when CO adsorbed on theclean Pd(111) surFace, but C(ad),CO(ad) and speciesl were observed when CO_2 adsorbed onthe clean Pd(111) surFace.On preoxidised Pd(111)surFace, methanol adsorbed as CH_3O(ad) andCHx (ad ),CO adsorbed only as CO(ad ).There were not any activation that CO_2 on preoxidised Pd(111)surFace.It were Found that the activation of C-H and C-O bonds depended on surFace electronintensity.On preoxidised surFaces the activation of C-O bonds decreased , but the activation of O-Hand C-H bonds still existed

Synthesis and Application of a New Water2soluble

［中文文摘］利用发烟硫酸磺化手性双胺双膦配体[(R,R)-C6P2(NH)2],合成了PNNP-型水溶性手性双胺双膦配体[(R,R)-C6P2(NH)2(SO3Na)4],并分别与简单的钌、铑络合物反应,制备水溶性手性钌络合物催化剂[(R,R)-C6P2(NH)2(SO3Na)4RuCl2]和铑络合物催化剂[(R,R)-C6P2(NH)2(SO3Na)4RhCl].经元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振等对手性配体及手性Ru络合物进行了结构表征.进而用这些水溶性的钌、铑络合物催化剂或水溶性手性配体与铱络合物[IrHCl2(COD)]2组成的混合催化体系研究了多种芳香酮的不对称转移氢化.结果表明,在以异丙醇作为氢源时,对芳香酮的不对称转移氢化都具有较好的催化活性.与铑、铱催化体系相比,水溶性手性钌络合物催化体系具有更高的活性和对映选择性.对于苯乙酮的氢化,其转化率和对映选择性分别达到91.6%和93.0%e.e..此外,进一步考察了反应温度和KOH用量对水溶性手性钌络合物催化苯乙酮不对称转移氢化性能的影响,并将水溶性手性钌络合物催化体系应用于多种芳香酮的不对称转移氢化,获得了高的收率和对映选择性,分别可达92.0%和96.4%e. e. 研究结果表明,水溶性手性钌络合物 [( R ,R)2C6 P2 (N H) 2 (SO3Na) 4 RuCl2 ]是芳香酮不对称氢转移催化氢化的优良催化剂.［英文文摘］The water2soluble chiral diaminodiphosphine ligand PNNP2type [ ( R , R)2C6 P2 (NH) 2 ( SO3Na) 4 ] was synthesized by sulfonation of chiral diaminodiphosphine ligand [ ( R , R)2C6 P2 (N H) 2 ] . The corresponding water2soluble chiral metal complexes [ ( R , R)2C6 P2 (NH) 2 (SO3Na) 4 RuCl2 ] and [ ( R , R)2C6 P2 (N H) 2 (SO3Na) 4 RhCl ] were also prepared by reaction of the watersoluble ligand and Ru or Rh mplexes ,respectively. These chiral ligands and metal complex were characterized by EA , IR and 31 P NMR. Watersoluble chiral Ru and Rh complexes ,and the chiral Ir catalytic system generated in situ from iridium hydride complex [ IrHCl2 (COD) ]2 and [ ( R , R)2C6 P2 (N H) 2 ( SO3Na) 4 ] were employed in asymmet ric t ransfer hydrogenation of acetophenone. The results showed that these catalytic systems efficiently catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones using i PrOH as hy2drogen source. The water2soluble chiral Ru catalytic system gave the best activity and excellent enantioselectivity ,with up to 91. 6 % yield and 93. 0 % e. e. respectively. In addition ,reaction temperature and addition of KOH amount on the effect s of asymmet ric t rans2fer hydrogenation of acetophenone were also studied. The water2soluble chiral Ru complex was further employed in asymmet ric t rans2 fer hydrogenation of various aromatic ketones ,up to 92 % yield and 96. 4 % e. e. were obtained. These result s showed that the water2 soluble chiral Ru complex [ ( R , R)2C6 P2 (NH) 2 (SO3Na) 4 RuCl2 ] was an excellent catalyst for the asymmet ric t ransfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones under the mild reaction conditions.国家自然科学基金(20423002,20373056); 福建省科技厅重大项目(2002F016); 厦门市科技局重大项目(3502Z20021044)

ES multi-channel signal system upgrade reformation

一种电子能谱仪多通道数据收集系统升级方案。在SSA(球扇型能量分析器)出口处以多通道板或多只电子倍增器代替单只倍增器,信号经过多路前置放大器后进入电脑,经移位合成后输出所需谱图,其灵敏度为原信号的多倍且分辨率有所提高。It presents one upgrade program about multi-channel collection system for an electron spectroscopy (ES). The single electron multiplier is replaced by a multi-channel plate or several electron multiplier at the output plane of sphere-shell analyzer (SSA). The signals are sent to computer after amplified by the multi-channel preamplifier, and are added together with appropriate peak shift. Then we can get desired spectrum, which has significantly improved sensibility and relatively higher resolution

Highly Enantioselective Transfer Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones

手性芳香醇在制药工业上有重要的应用,因而利用芳香酮的对映选择性氢化制备相应的手性醇已引起人们极大关注.近10年来,用手性金属配合物为催化剂,利用种种有机物作氢源,实现芳香酮的不对称氢转移氢化取得了很大进展.但这些反应过程的催化活性仍然较低,底物酮与催化剂Enantioselective reduction of prochiral ketones with 2-propanol or formic acid catalyzed by chiral metal complexes has been developed as a synthetic method complementary to asymmetric hydrogenation in the past decade. However, these processes are necessary to be improved for practical use in organic synthesis because of low catalytic activity and insufficient enantioselectivity. In this paper, we wish to report an excellent catalytic system generated in situ from iridium complex IrCl(Ph3P)3 and chiral tetradentate di-aminodiphosphine ligand for asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of various aromatic ketones. For isobuty-rophenone transfer hydrogenation, the corresponding optically active alcohol was obtained in 93% yield and with up to 99% e. e. after 5 h at 28℃. Propiophenone was a better substrate with respect to catalytic activity and enantioselectivity in the presence of base as a co-catalyst. The conversion of propiophenone reached 95. 8% and the turnover number as high as 3 193 h-1. These results will provide a useful index for further designing practical chiral catalytic systems.国家自然科学基金(批准号:20073034,20171037);; 福建省科技厅重大科技项目基金(批准号:2002F016);; 厦门市科技局重大科技项目基金(批准号:3502Z20021044

ESTABLISHMENT OF NEW RESEARCH SYSTEM TO COMBINE ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY AND THE INVESTIGATIONS OF SURFACE CHEMICAL-STATES OF PT/BI-AD ELECTRODE

A new research system, which allows samples to be transferred rapidly and without contamination between electrochemical environment and ultra-hight-vacuum chamber, has been set up recently. This system is of interest to combine investigations on structure and properties of solid surface at both solid/liquid and solid/gas interfaces. The prelimiary study of Pt/Bi-ad electrode at levels of chemical environment and electronic structure demonstrated the success of the system established. The XPS data indicate that two oxidation states of Bi adatom existe on Pt/Bi-ad electrode surface. The present results give new interpretation of the promoting mechanism of Bi adatom in electrocatalysis