下游国的贸易报复与中国稀土出口政策

本文通过在纵向关联市场框架下构建一个博弈模型,研究两个下游国在分别采取独立贸易报复与联合进行贸易报复两种情况下,中国政府应采取的稀土出口政策。研究发现:(1)当下游国家独立采取贸易报复措施时,若中国稀土产业集中度低(高),则应对稀土出口进行征税(补贴),而下游国会对最终产品出口进行补贴(征税)。(2)当下游国联合进行贸易报复时,在中国稀土产业集中度很低且下游国产业集中度很高的情况下,中国应对稀土出口进行征税,而下游国总会选择对最终产品出口进行征税。(3)若考虑到稀土生产带来的环境污染,则随着环境污染系数增加,无论下游国家采取何种方式的贸易报复措施,中国对稀土出口都将会进行更多的限制

下游国的贸易报复与中国稀土出口政策

本文通过在纵向关联市场框架下构建一个博弈模型，研究两个下游国在分别采取独立贸易报复与联合进行贸易报复两种情况下，中国政府应采取的稀土出口政策。研究发现: (1) 当下游国家独立采取贸易报复措施时，若中国稀土产业集中度低(高) ，则应对稀土出口进行征税( 补贴) ，而下游国会对最终产品出口进行补贴(征税) 。(2) 当下游国联合进行贸易报复时，在中国稀土产业集中度很低且下游国产业集中度很高的情况下，中国应对稀土出口进行征税，而下游国总会选择对最终产品出口进行征税。(3) 若考虑到稀土生产带来的环境污染，则随着环境污染系数增加，无论下游国家采取何种方式的贸易报复措施，中国对稀土出口都将会进行更多的限制。该文发表在《世界经济》2012年第8期，pp92-114

A Case Study of the Benefits of School Consolidation—A Case of a High School

本研究旨在探討某私立高中學校合併的效益。研究者首先，依據研究目的與文獻探討所得訪談大綱後，針對兩所已經合併之高中校長、主任、教師、學生等進行訪談，訪談所得使用MAXQDA進行分析，將分析結果獲致以下結論： 一、學校效益部分 (一) 學校規模逐漸變大 研究個案是由一所普通高中及一所職業學校合併，學校規模從二千人學校變成二千六百人學校，科別也由職業類科增加了普通科，除了教師教學資源可相互提供增加交流的機會；學生也因為增加了不同部別的學生，而多了良性競爭與互動的學習機會，同時也增加學生適性選擇的管道。 (二) 行政效能也是合併成功與否的重要關鍵 本研究之個案在合併試行過程中，因為人員變多，反而增加行政協調的困難性；但也因為人員變多，使得部分行政事務的推動變得更有效率。 (三) 整體規畫空間及校地，有利學校整體發展 研究個案是一所高中與一所高職合併，原各自都有電腦教室、多功能教室、各科專業教室等。校園重新規劃後，多餘的教室或辦公室，除了可以增加空間使用的多元性，也可重建配置，以供更長遠的使用，並可提升家長及外界觀感等。如此不僅解決校地使用問題，也將多餘空間可供社區使用，增加與社區互動之機會。 二、整併策略 (一) 提升整體辦學的品質、解除了600人以下學校被裁併的危機。 (二) 人事樽節，減少重複性人力，又新加入的人力可提升工作效率。 (三) 資源的整合方式，除了校與校地整合外，還有策略聯盟、購併等方式。The purpose of this study is to explore the benefits of private high school consolidation. According to the study objective and document research, the researcher interviewed the principals, directors, teachers, students, etc. of the merged schools and used MAXQDA to analyze the data collected from the interviews. The conclusions are analyzed as follows: 1. Benefits to the School (1) The scale of the school gets larger. The case school is consolidated by a general high school and a vocational high school. And the number of pupils rises from 2,000 to 2,600. Besides vocational courses, the school also has general ones. Furthermore, teachers can provide teaching resources mutually and have more opportunities for exchanges. And since there are more students from different departments, students can get benign competition as well as interactive learning opportunities. Meanwhile, students will have more channels to choose the courses in line with their aptitudes. (2) Administrative efficacy is also the key to consolidation. When the case school went through the consolidation procedure, the growing number of the staff made it more difficult to coordinate. However, the growing number of staff also made school manage parts of administrative affairs more efficiently. (3) The overall planning of school grounds and space helps the school develop. The case school is consolidated by a general high school and a vocational high school. Both schools originally have computer labs, multi-functional labs, specialized subject labs and so on. After rearranging the campus, the school has some surplus classrooms and offices. They can be used diversely or reconstructed, which gives the parents and outsiders a good impression. Thus, the problem of accessing to school grounds is solved and the surplus space can be provided to the community, which facilitates more interaction with the community. 2. The Strategy of Consolidation (1) Consolidation helps improve the quality of the school and the school can be exempted from the crisis of being closed or merged. (2) Personnel management increases work efficiency. (3) Resource integration can be achieved not only by integrating school grounds but also by strategic alliances, acquisition and so on