旋转活塞发动机内部工作过程的研究(下)

四、转子机的点火燃烧过程 4.1 概貌 转子机燃料经济性不好的又一原因是点火燃烧不良。就基本原理来说,转子机与一般的往复机无异。但由于燃烧室结构上的一些特点,有它独特的面貌: i) 间接点火过程 电火花先点燃

Mechanism of geniposide in improving free fatty acid metabolism in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

观察栀子苷改善非酒精性脂肪性肝病的效果,从游离脂肪酸探讨栀子苷调节非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用机制。健康雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为4组:正常组、模型组、栀子苷组和血脂康组,每组大鼠10只,正常组大鼠给予正常大鼠饲料喂养,其余3组大鼠均采用高脂饲料喂养以诱导非酒精性脂肪性肝病,造模时间为8周,从第5周起至第8周末,栀子苷组和血脂康组分别灌服相应的药物。记录大鼠体重、肝湿重、脂肪质量;用相应方法检测肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量,血清CHO,LDL-C的含量,血清AST,ALT的活性;观察肝脏组织肉眼及病理变化(HE染色法)。结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠的体重;肝湿重;脂肪重;血清CHO,LDL-C,ALT,AST;肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量皆显著升高(P<0.01);肝组织AMPK活性显著降低(P<0.01),肝组织肉眼外观及病理切片脂肪变性明显,并出现炎症损伤;与模型组相比,栀子苷组大鼠体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量、血清ALT,AST活性均显著降低(P<0.01),肝湿重,肝组织TG,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量明显降低(P<0.05),肝组织AMPK活性明显增多(P<0.05),肝脏肉眼外观及病理学表现均有所改善;与模型组相比,血脂康组大鼠的肝湿重、脂肪质量、肝组织TG,FFA和血清LDL-C水平明显降低(P<0.05);与血脂康组相比,栀子苷组大鼠的体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量均显著降低(P<0.01),其他方面无明显差异。结果表明,栀子苷具有显著的改善高脂饮食诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的药理效应;其改善大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的游离脂肪酸代谢是通过调节"AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA"轴来实现的。To observe the effect of geniposide on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD),and discuss the mechanism of geniposide for NAFLD from the aspect of free fatty acid,forty healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,geniposide and Xuezhikang group. The rats in normal group were fed with normal diets,and the rats in other 3 groups were given with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce the NAFLD models. From the week 5 to end of week 8,the rats in geniposide and Xuezhikang group were intervened with corresponding medicines. The body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats were recorded.Visual and pathological changes in hepatic tissues were observed with HE staining. The contents of TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A in hepatic tissue,contents of CHO and LDL-C in serum and activities of AST and ALT in serum were detected by using corresponding methods. The results showed that the body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats,CHO,LDL-C,ALT and AST levels in serum,TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels in hepatic tissues of the rats in model group were significantly higher than those in normal group( P < 0. 01),while AMPK activity was significantly lower than that of the normal group( P < 0. 01),with obvious visual and pathological steatosis in hepatic tissues,and inflammatory injury occurred in model group. Compared with the model group,body weight of the rat,fat weight,levels of FFA in hepatic tissues,ALT and AST activities in serum,liver wet weight,TG,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels were significantly decreased in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),while the AMPK activity in hepatic tissues was significantly increased( P < 0. 05),with improvement in visual and pathological performance.Compared with the model group,liver wet weight,fat weight,TG and FFA levels in hepatic tissues,and LDL-C level in serum were significantly decreased in Xuezhikang group( P < 0. 05). Compared with Xuezhikang group,the body weight of rat,fat weight and FFA level in hepatic tissues were significantly lower in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),but with no significant difference in other aspects. These findings indicated that geniposide was highly effective in improving the pharmacological effect of NAFLD induced by highfat diet,and the mechanism was achieved through AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA axis.国家自然科学基金项目(81274155;81503529);; 福建省自然科学基金项目(2014J01374);; 福建省高等学校新世纪人才计划项目;; 厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20134020);; 福建省中医药科研项目(WZPW201308

老年大学学员组织融入度和抑郁症状的关系及其机制探索

摘要：&nbsp;探讨老年大学学员组织融入度和抑郁症状的关系,检验正向、负向情绪的中介作用以及亲密关系的调节作用.通过调查2632名55岁及以上的老年大学学员,控制相关人口学和社会经济学变量后发现:组织融入度与抑郁症状呈负相关;正向情绪和负向情绪中介了组织融入度和抑郁症状之间的关系;亲密关系正向调节了组织融入度&ndash;抑郁症状、组织融入度&ndash;负向情绪的关系,增强组织融入度对亲密关系较弱学员的心理健康更有改善意义.</p

Differences of Well Testing Between CBM and Conventional Gas Well

煤层气测试资料的分析成果对确定煤层气的排采制度和制订合理的开发方案是至关重要的,研究该问题的目的在于解决目前只能利用常规方法进行测试、常规软件进行测试资料解释的问题。煤储层在成份、结构及其物理力学性质上与常规储层(如砂岩)有着明显的差异;煤层气的赋存和采出机理与砂岩中天然气也有着本质区别。要获取煤层准确参数、正确评价煤层,必须研究煤层气测试的相关理论方法。但目前对煤层气测试的认识较少。从常规天然气测试与煤层气测试的差异对比的角度出发,给出了煤层气测试的诸多特征。从研究对象的储层特征、煤层气的赋存特征以及不同开发阶段的流体分布及流动特征等方面,论述了煤层气与常规天然气测试技术异同的根本原因。从测试方法、测试工艺、解释模型和资料分析方法等方面,分析了煤层气与常规天然气测试技术的差异。研究成果对充分认识和理解煤层气测试的重要作用有积极的意义

淮河流域水生态环境现状评价与分析

为了全面评价淮河闸坝与污染对淮河水生态的影响,必须首先对水生态现状有一个全局的认识。从淮河流域全局出发,通过对淮河典型河段的水生态和水环境进行现场调查与室内分析,对流域内水生态环境现状进行了综合评价。采用生物学指数与水生物指示环境结合的方法评价水体污染程度、生态系统稳定性与河流/水库的健康程度。评价结果表明:(1)颍河中下游地区与沭河中下游地区水生态系统脆弱,河流多处于病态;(2)涡河付桥闸、东孙营闸到蒙城闸段水生态系统不稳定,河流不健康,但下游河段水生态有自恢复迹象;(3)洪汝河河流多处于亚健康状态,水国家自然科学国际合作重大项目(50279049

茶质滤嘴的祛烟瘾减害作用研究

吸烟可以引起一系列严重疾病,吸烟对健康的危害已成为人类面临的重大公共卫生问题.尽管科学研究和医疗工作者实验了各种方法,但是效果仍不理想,控烟已成为一个世界性难题.为了寻找破解这一难题的新对策,研制了一种茶质滤嘴(国际发明专利号:PCT/CN2009/000763)可以对吸烟依赖有明显的祛致瘾作用,并初步探明了其作用机理.第一批临床实验发现,吸烟志愿者使用茶质滤嘴2个月,吸烟量减少52%左右,其中31%减少到0.另一批临床实验发现,吸烟志愿者使用茶质滤嘴3个月,吸烟量在第1,2和3个月分别减少约48%,83%和91%,在最后一个月每天吸烟量由原来平均每天24.5支减少到每天3支左右.动物实验发现,茶质滤嘴中的茶氨酸可以明显抑制尼古丁在小鼠中引起的条件性位置偏爱,与尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体(nAChRs)抑制剂有类似的效果.测定小鼠脑nAChRs发现,茶氨酸处理动物可以抑制尼古丁引起的3种尼古丁乙酰胆碱受体亚基的表达上调,而且多巴胺释放增加受到明显抑制.茶质滤嘴还可以明显降低吸烟产生的有害物质,降低吸烟引起动物的急性毒性和慢性致癌性.本工作发现了抑制烟草和尼古丁成瘾的新物质&mdash;&mdash;茶质滤嘴和茶氨酸,提供了一种可以战胜吸烟危害的新策略.该工作的实施和推广将可以保护当代和后代免受吸烟对健康、社会、环境和经济造成的破坏性影响,对建设和谐的人类文明社会和国民经济的持续发展具有重要意义.</p

芝麻酱对双侧卵巢切除所致大鼠骨质疏松症的影响Effect of sesame paste on osteoporosis of rats induced by bilateral ovariectomy

为了解芝麻酱是否有补钙效果，研究了芝麻酱对双侧卵巢切除雌性SD大鼠所致骨质疏松症的影响。选取健康雌性SD大鼠作为研究对象，除假手术组外，其余均采用切除双侧卵巢的方法建立雌性大鼠骨质疏松模型。造模成功后，将卵巢切除大鼠随机分为模型组，葡萄糖酸钙组〔0.56 g/(kg·d)〕，芝麻酱低〔1.04 g/(kg·d)〕、中〔2.08 g/(kg·d)〕、高剂量组〔4.16 g/(kg·d)〕，分别灌胃生理盐水、葡萄糖酸钙、芝麻酱12周后，检测芝麻酱对大鼠体质量、脏器系数、血清生化指标、骨强度、骨钙含量、骨组织形态学等的影响。结果表明：切除卵巢12周后，与假手术组相比，切除双侧卵巢的大鼠体质量极显著增加（p＜0.01），子宫形态明显萎缩，骨质疏松情况明显加重，提示造模成功。连续灌胃芝麻酱12周后，与模型组比较，芝麻酱各剂量组大鼠的体质量、脏器系数、骨强度、骨钙含量及骨组织结构无显著变化；芝麻酱低、中剂量组大鼠血清磷的水平极显著升高（p＜0.01），血清碱性磷酸酶的水平显著降低（p＜0.05），芝麻酱中剂量组大鼠血清钙的水平极显著升高（p＜0.01），芝麻酱高剂量组大鼠血清磷的水平显著升高（p＜0.05）；芝麻酱各剂量组大鼠血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇无显著变化。因此，芝麻酱可在一定程度上改善双侧卵巢切除大鼠与骨代谢相关的血液指标，但对骨骼系统的影响不显著。 In order to understand whether sesame paste had calcium supplement effect, the effect of sesame paste on osteoporosis of female rats induced by bilateral ovariectomy was investigated. Healthy female SD rats were selected as the research objects, except for the sham operation group, the rest rats were all removed the bilateral ovaries to establish a female rat osteoporosis model. After successful modeling, the ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into model group, calcium gluconate group〔0.56 g/(kg·d)〕, and the low〔1.04 g/(kg·d)〕, middle〔2.08 g/(kg·d)〕 and high〔4.16 g/(kg·d)〕doses groups of sesame paste. After 12 weeks of intragastric administration of normal saline, calcium gluconate, and sesame paste, the effects of sesame paste on the body weight, organ coefficient, serum biochemical indicators, bonestrength, bone calcium content, and bone tissue morphology of rats were tested. The results showed that after the removal of the ovaries for 12 weeks, compared with the sham operation group, the body weight of ovariectomized rats was significiently increased (p＜0.01), the uterine shape was significantly atrophy, and the osteoporosis was significantly increased, indicating that the model was successfully constructed. After 12 weeks of continuous administration of sesame paste, compared with the model group, sesame paste did not significantly affect the body weight, organ coefficient, bone strength, bone calcium content and bone tissue structure of bilateral ovariectomized rats, low and middle dose of sesame paste could significantly increase the level of serum phosphorus of rats (p＜0.01) and significantly reduce the level of serum alkaline phosphatase of rats(p＜0.05), the middle dose of sesame paste could significantly increase the serum calcium level of rats (p＜0.01), and the high dose of sesame paste could significantly increase the serum phophorus level (p＜0.05), while sesame paste had no significant effects on serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Therefore, sesame paste could improve the blood indicators related to bone metabolism in bilateral ovariectomized rats to a certain extent, but its effect on the skeletal system was not significant

准噶尔盆地绿洲边缘天然植被保护与农业开发技术示范研究

筛选出适应新疆干旱荒漠地区大规模种植的主栽物种,提出配套的种植技术模式;引种筛选出适宜当地农林草复合种植的农作物品种和间作物种10个,开发出新垦荒地保护性耕作免耕高效种植、林药间作、林农间作和高杆作物生物防风农林复合技术模式;研发集成盐渍化土壤冲洗脱盐与生物改良和新垦荒地盐渍土壤改良与快速培肥技术模式;筛选组装配套干旱荒漠区绿洲节水灌溉技术模式;研发集成配套干旱胁迫荒漠植被保育、严重退化荒漠植被改造、荒漠植被无灌溉恢复、荒漠植被与人工植被融合和次生裸地荒漠植被恢复重建技术模式;提出“三位一体”的干旱区荒漠绿洲防护生态安全保障体系建设模式