Association study on lifestyle and internet addiction in adolescents

目的 了解青少年网络成瘾者的生活方式,探讨青少年网络成瘾与生活方式的关系.方法 采用横断面分层取样研究方法.采用自编人口学信息调查表、中国青少年生活方式问卷(Chinese adolescent lifestyles scale,CALS)和Young的网络成瘾测试问卷(internet addiction test)进行调查.结果 (1)网络成瘾者275人(11.20％),男性(15.45％)多于女性(7.48％);城市(13.55％)多于农村(9.67％);在年级间,初中最多(14.01％),大学次之(13.84％),再次之高中(9.66％),小学最少(7.67％)(P＜0.01).(2)网络成瘾者的睡眠状况、学习习惯、体育锻炼、人际关系、应对方式得分均低于无网络成瘾者(P＜0.01).(3)睡眠状况、学习习惯、体育锻炼、人际关系、应对方式与网络成瘾呈负相关(r=-0.193,r=-0.319,r=-0.175,r=-0.225,r=-0.105,P＜0.01).(4) Logistic回归分析显示:学习习惯和人际关系对网络成瘾具有负向预测作用,而应对方式对网络成瘾显示较弱的正向预测作用.结论 网络成瘾者的青少年生活方式差于非网络成瘾者,建议从青少年就开始养成良好的行为习惯,坚持健康的生活方式,对预防网络成瘾有一定的帮助

青年铁路职工生活方式与希望感的关系

截至2010年末，全国铁路职工人数共170多万，青年职工人数比例占28％左右。铁路工作极其重要，青年铁路职工的生活方式不仅影响其工作和生活，也影响社会的稳定和发展

HEAT TRANSFER IN DEWVAPORATION SEAWATER DESALINATION PROCESS

露点蒸发淡化技术是一种新的海水和苦咸水淡化方法,它是基于载气增湿和去湿的原理,同时回收冷凝去湿的热量,传热效率受混合气侧的传热控制。蒸汽冷凝传热中,不凝气的存在严重恶化其传热过程。过去的研究大多只涉及极少量或微量不凝气问题,而实际应用中含有大量的不凝气。本工作是在不凝气含量很高的条件下进行的冷凝传热研究。实验工作系通过空气和蒸汽直接混合形成饱和混合气进行冷凝,考察了混合气温度、流速、冷却水温度和流速对冷凝传热过程的影响。实验混合气温度达92～68℃,流速达1.41～9.79m/s,冷却水温度50～70℃,冷却水流速0.55～1.66m/s。实验表明,适当提高混合气温度和流速,冷凝传热的混合气侧的平均传热系数可保持在较高的实用水平,即1000W/m.2℃甚至更高。同时对含不凝气的冷凝传热过程进行了分析,得出了混合气侧局部传热系数的关联式,并对其设备提出了合理设计的原则意见。Dewvaporation desalination process is a new technology for desalination of seawater and brine water.It is based on the principle of humidification and dehumidification using carrier gas with recovery of the heat from condensing and dehumidification.This article presents the research results of condensing heat transfer with a great quantity of noncondensable gas in the steam.The saturated air was produced by direct mixture of steam with air,and then condensed in a vertical column with cooling water.Effects of mixture gas temperature,mixture gas velocity,cooling water temperature and velocity on heat transfer coefficient were investigated respectively.Mixture gas temperature was up to 92~68 ℃ and its velocity to 1.41~9.79 m/s;cooling water temperature was 50~70 ℃ and its velocity cooling water was 0.55~1.66 m/s.These results show that reasonable increase of the mixture gas temperature and its velocity can improve the heat transfer coefficient around 1000 W/m2·℃ or more.At the same time,the working characteristics of condensing transfer heat process used in our experiment was also investigated;the correction equation of local heat transfer coefficient was achieved,and some fundamental suggestions for reasonable design of this equipment is put forward.国家自然科学基金与中国节能投资公司联合资助重点项目(20236030