Influence of N, P additions on the transfer of nickel along the food-chain

【中文摘要】 采用放射性同位素示踪法,研究氮或磷添加对镍在东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaienseLu)和中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)胞内累积的影响;并将其分别投喂中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)后,探讨镍在桡足类体内的吸收和生理周转。结果表明,经过24h暴露后,氮或磷显著影响这两种藻类对镍的吸收,且高浓度氮或磷均能促进镍在这两种藻类细胞内的累积,因而促进镍在中华哲水蚤体内的吸收;而镍在中华哲水蚤体内的生理周转率却不受氮或磷浓度的影响,似乎更受动物个体的生理状态影响;中华哲水蚤对镍的吸收率与藻类细胞内镍含量呈极显著相关(p<0.001),证明了"桡足类只吸收饵料细胞内的水相金属库"的假说。由此可见,近海富营养化可促进浮游植物对镍的吸收,进而影响该金属在浮游生物食物链上的传递。 【英文摘要】 We examined the influence of macronutrient (nitrate or phosphate) additions on the bioaccumulation of Ni in two species of phytoplankton (Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu and Skeletonema costatum), and its subsequent assimilation and physiological turnover in marine copepod (Calanus sinicus) after ingestion, using a radioactive-tracer method. The results showed that N or P addition significantly influenced intracellular Ni accumulation in the algal cells after 24 h of exposure, with higher ambient N or P enhanci...国家自然科学基金委员会与香港研究资助局联合科研资助基金(40131160735);国家自然科学基金资助项目(40576065

Immunohistochemical Study of Serotonin in the Digestive System of Scylla serrata

【中文摘要】 应用免疫组织化学方法对锯缘青蟹消化系统的 5- HT分泌细胞的形态和分布进行了观察 .结果表明 :5- HT阳性细胞形态多样 ,多数为卵圆形 ,少数为柱形 ,多边形或具有较长的胞突 .消化道各段均有 5- HT阳性细胞 ,中肠密度最高 ,食道次之 ,贲门胃、幽门胃和后肠较低 .5- HT阳性细胞多数位于固有膜和粘膜下层 ,少数散布于肌层 .肝胰腺也具有 5- HT阳性细胞 【英文摘要】 The morphology and distribution of serotonin(5 HT) immunoreactivity in the digestive system of Scylla serrata were investigated. 5 HT immunoreactive cells had various forms: the majority were oval, while the minority were columnar, irregular in shape, or having long processes. 5 HT immunoreactive cells were distributed throughout the digestive tract, with the highest density in the midgut, the second in the esophagus, and a low density in the stomach and hindgut. Most of the 5 HT immunoreactive c...福建省重中之重“福建省海洋生物优良种质和生物活性物质的应用基础研究”资助项

尼罗罗非鱼TCP-1-beta和TCP-1-eta的分子特征及其低温诱导表达

为了研究尼罗罗非鱼耐寒性状的分子基础并为耐寒品种选育提供参考,研究从尼罗罗非鱼中克隆了HSP60家族TCP-1-beta和TCP-1-eta基因并对其在低温诱导下的表达特征进行了分析。尼罗罗非鱼TCP-1-beta cDNA长度为1755 bp,包括1605 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码534个氨基酸;尼罗罗非鱼TCP-1-eta cDNA长度1651 bp,包括1638 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码545个氨基酸。与其他物种同源基因的蛋白序列比对结果显示,TCP-1-beta和TCP-1-eta蛋白在物种间同源性很高,且都具有保守的ATP结合结构域等,预示其在物种间功能的保守性。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明:TCP-1-beta和TCP-1-eta在各组织中呈遍在表达,但在肌肉中表达量最高;诱导温度从22℃降至12℃,不同低温诱导48h后TCP-1-beta和TCP-1-eta均呈上调表达,在18℃时表达开始上调,随着低温胁迫程度加强,表达上调幅度增大,至12℃时表达量达到最高,TCP-1-beta和TCP-1-eta上调幅度分别达到常温的12.2倍和10.7倍。这些结果预示在尼罗罗非鱼中,TCP-1-beta和TCP-1-eta是潜在的耐寒相关基因

Observation on the process of sperm penetration into egg of Scylla serrata with a scanning electron microscope

【中文摘要】 利用扫描电镜详细观察了锯缘青蟹精子入卵的过程。精子以其核突起附着在卵膜上 ,并迅速发生顶体反应。顶体反应时 ,顶体囊外翻 ,顶体管前伸 ,精子核辐射臂收缩 ,并拖至顶体囊的后部。顶体管迅速穿过卵黄膜 ,携带核物质一同进入卵子。锯缘青蟹为多精着卵 ,数精入卵。本文同时探讨了精子顶体反应机制以及受精过程卵子的作用 【英文摘要】 The process of sperm penetration into egg of Scylla serrata was examined with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) in this paper. The sperm contacts with vitelline membrane by its radial arms of the nucleus, and undergoes acrosome reaction immediately. During the process of acrosome reaction, the reversion of acrosonal vesicle, the forword extending of the acrosomal tubule and the contraction of the radial arms were observed. The nuclear cup separates itself from the acrosome and is pull at the back of the...福建省重中之重“海洋生物优良种质和生物活性物质的应用基础研究”项目资

现代生物技术在水产动物健康养殖中的应用

现代生物技术的应用对水产动物健康养殖产生了很大的影响 .本文从水产动物疾病诊断 ,高效疫苗制备 ,抗病品种培育 ,提高抗病力 ,水体污染监测等方面对现代生物技术的应用进行了综述 .旨在为水产动物健康养殖及相关研究提供参考 【英文摘要】 More and more modern biotechnologies were applied extensively to aquaculture with development of molecular biology, thus great impacts were produced in the process of culture and husbandry, especially, on the healthy managements of aquatic animal culture. It was summarized for application of modern biotechnologies from diagnostication of aquatic animal diseases, preparation of high effect vaccine, breeding of anti disease strain, improvement of anti disease capacity and inspection of aquatic pollution, wi...国家 8 6 3重大专项 (2 0 0 2 AA6 0 30 1 3

Genetic diversity of two wild Penaeus monodon broodstock populations

采用rAPd和MTdnA16SrrnA基因序列分析方法对海南和马来西亚斑节对虾(PEnAEuS MOnOdOn)种群进行了遗传多样性和遗传分化研究。结果表明:15个rAPd随机引物共检测到82个位点,海南和马来西亚种群的多态位点比例分别为75.90%和76.83%,杂合度分别为0.199和0.218,遗传多样性指数分别为0.276和0.288,种群间的遗传距离为0.015;16SrrnA基因检测的种内遗传变异较低,马来西亚和海南种群的核苷酸多样性分别为0.011和0,种群之间的遗传距离为0.008;马来西亚种群比海南种群的遗传变异水平要高得多,且海南种群可能起源于马来西亚种群;进行遗传选育时可考虑引进马来西亚亲虾作为奠基群体。By using RAPD and mtDNA 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis,this paper studied the genetic diversity and differentiation of two Penaeus monodon wild broodstock populations collected from Hainan and Malaysia.Using 15 random primers,a total of 82 RAPD loci were detected.For the Hainan and Malaysia populations,the proportion of polymorphic loci was 75.90% and 76.83%,heterozygosity was 0.199 and 0.218,and genetic diversity index was 0.276 and 0.288,respectively,and the genetic distance between the two populations was 0.015.The genetic variation revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was low.The nucleotide diversity of the Hainan and Malaysia populations was 0.011 and 0,respectively,and the genetic distance between the two populations was 0.008.Phylogeographic pattern analysis indicated that Malaysia population had a higher genetic diversity than Hainan population,and the Hainan population could be derived from Malaysia population.Therefore,the broodstock imported from Malaysia could be used as the founder in genetic breeding programs.国家自然科学基金项目(30471322);湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(08B024)资

斑节对虾的遗传育种研究

斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)俗称草虾,是世界三大养殖虾类之一。广泛分布于印度洋和西太平洋,也是我国本土优质对虾资源之一,但尚未形成遗传稳定的养殖品系,养殖种苗除少数来自海捕外,绝大多数通过人工繁殖获得。供人工繁殖的亲虾主要来自两方面:一是捕捞野生怀卵虾,二是通过摘除眼柄和人工诱导野生雌虾性成熟和产卵,但二者均依赖野生资源。斑节对虾养殖的迅速发展对野生资源造成了极大的压力,过度开发势必引起种质的退化;同时,长期依赖野生亲体培育苗种产生了一些弊端,如亲体携带病毒,养殖对象生长减慢,抗病力下降等。因此,为保护野生资源和阻止野生虾类遗传多样性的丧失,尽快形成遗传稳定的养殖品系显得尤为迫切

The Joint Toxicity of nTiO_2 Nanoparticles with Phenanthrene and Pyrene to Tigriopus japonicus

以日本虎斑猛水蚤为实验生物,研究了纳米二氧化钛(nTIO2)及与菲、芘联合的急性毒性效应.实验结果表明:当ρ(nTIO2)≤5 Mg/l时对日本虎斑猛水蚤的存活率无显著性的影响,而当ρ(nTIO2)≥20 Mg/l时则有显著性影响;菲、芘都可与纳米二氧化钛(1 Mg/l)联合表现出比单一污染物更大的毒性效应,其中芘与纳米二氧化钛存在显著的联合协同效应.研究表明,纳米材料会与环境中其他的污染物相互作用,从而对水生生物表现出间接的毒性作用,因此在海洋环境中纳米材料的潜在危害不容忽视.The single and joint toxicity of nanosized titanium dioxide(nTiO_2) with phenanthrene and pyrene to Tigriopus japonicus was investigated seperately by measuring 96h survival rates.The results showed that there was no significant mortal effects of nTiO_2 on Tigriopus japonicus in concentrations ≤5mg / L,but it made significant differences between control and exposure conditions when concentrations ≥20mg / L.It also showed that nTiO_2 aggregates could enhance the toxicity of phenanthrene and pyrene to some degree.Thus,we should not only focus on the inherent toxicity of manufactured nanoparticles,but also on the interactions with other compounds in aqueous suspension