从村社贸易税看荷据时期台湾贌社制度

荷据时期,东印度公司通过征收各种赋税以保证公司的财政收入。初期,东印度公司自己征收赋税。1640年,东印度公司将村社贸易税通过发贌的方式承包出去,建立贌社制度。1654年,东印度公司在贌社制度中增加保证人。贌社制度的建立,降低东印度公司亲自征收赋税的成本与风险,而将其转嫁到贌商身上;保证人的引进,确保东印度公司的殖民收益不受损害。通过东印度公司税收制度的演变,可以看出东印度公司在逐步加强殖民掠夺

台湾地区大陆同乡会数量、成立时间及刊物的考订

台湾光复后,陆续有13家大陆同乡会在台湾成立。1949年后,随国民党迁台人员纷纷在台湾组设大陆同乡会。台湾地区大陆同乡会数量多、分布广、时间久,至今仍有486家大陆同乡会存在,在两岸经济文化交流中发挥重要作用。大陆同乡会一度因应国民党当局政策凸显其政治功能,亦发挥经济功能、社会功能及文化功能,创办至少181种刊物,维系了同乡感情,保存了故乡文献。大陆同乡会组设时间不同,其宗旨也存在差异,因此不能简单强调其政治归属性。教育部重点研究基地重大项目“新形势下推进两岸历史文化认同融合研究”(16JJDGAT002

The Research of China Merchants and Taiwan

招商局从创立之初，就不是一个区域性企业，分支机构遍布全国，目光放眼世界，“招天下商，通五洲航”是招商局的宏伟志向。在百余年的时空转换过程中，招商局作为一个企业，在晚清、民国、新中国都留下了深深的历史足迹，在台湾也留下了深深的历史足迹。 在近代，台湾也受到日本和法国的侵略，招商局积极运兵赴台反抗侵略，对台防给予有力的支持。台湾建省后，招商局与台湾商务局从冲突到合作，促进台湾交通运输业的发展，进而促进台湾经济的发展。 抗日战争胜利，徐学禹的《中央训练团台湾行政干部训练班航政讲义》，不但让台湾行政干部训练班的学员对台湾航运有了基本了解，提出接收台湾应注意的问题，还为台湾接收及重建做了展望。台湾光...China Merchants is not just a regional undertaking even in the beginning of its creation. Its branches are all over the country and aimed to the world. They got the magnificent ambition, which is “attract businesses from all over the world, open to navigation to continents”. During the changes of time and space over 100 years, China Merchants not only left footprints deeply in the period of late Q...学位：博士后院系专业：人文学院历史学系_历史学学号：BH1700011

日据时期台湾茶业同业组织业务演变述论

茶是台湾最重要物产之一,茶业也成为近代以来台湾重要的产业之一。日据时期,台湾茶业同业组织几易其名,并在短期内实现了制度的近代化。台湾茶的输出方面,注重美国和南洋市场,随着日本侵华的扩大,由南洋转向中国大陆,其输出市场随着日本的侵略扩张而扩大。在营销方式上,通过参加各类博览会及举办吃茶会,扩大台湾茶的影响。同时,同业公会查处粗劣茶叶,规范行规,对茶商奖惩分明,加强行业自律。在日本殖民当局垄断绝大多数资源的情况下,茶业同业组织不得不服从台湾殖民经济。教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(12JJD810002

渤海典型生态灾害的发展变化特征及演变趋势

渤海是中国的内海,受海岸带地区人为活动的影响,海域生态环境退化严重,其主要表现为海洋生态灾害频发。本文对渤海近年典型生态灾害,如赤潮、大型藻类及水母发生的时空分布特征进行了总结,结合水环境变化,对其演变趋势进行了评估,并提出了相应的防控应对建议

Analysis about ultrasonic misdiagnosis of lower extremity venous thrombosis

目的通过对下肢静脉血栓超声患者的超声资料进行回顾性分析,总结分析误诊漏诊的原因方法对70例临床怀疑为下肢静脉血栓的病人进行常规静脉彩超检查,对确诊为下肢静脉血栓的患者再行CT静脉造影检查,而后对两者诊断结果进行对照分析。结果 70例临床疑似为下肢静脉血栓病人中,确诊率为57.1%（40/70）,超声误诊率32%（8/25）。结论超声检查无创伤、重复性高,可准确诊断下肢静脉血栓形成。Objective The data of patients with lower extremity venous thrombosis were analyzed retrospectively, and the causes of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis were summarized. Methods 70 patients with clinical suspicion of lower extremity venous thrombosis were treated by routine venous color Doppler ultrasonography, and the venous thrombosis was diagnosed by CT venous angiography.Results Among 700 patients with clinical suspicion of lower extremity venous thrombosis, the accuracy rate was 57.1%, and the misdiagnosis rate was 32%. Conclusion Because ultrasound examination has high repeatability and no trauma, it can be used to diagnose exactly the lower extremity venous thrombosis.昌吉回族自治州科技局项目（TG-201405

长喙毛茛泽泻的花器官发生

用扫描电镜对长喙毛茛泽泻（ＲａｎａｌｉｓｍａｒｏｓｔｒａｔｕｍＳｔａｐｆ．）的花器官发生进行了观察。该种的花器官发生在泽泻科中既典型又比较特殊。其特殊之处在于从花原基的发生直至最外轮６枚雄蕊原基的发生过程都存在单向发育：３个萼片原基和３个花瓣原基的发生存在次序性，萼片原基和花瓣原基均为顺时针发生，邻近花序侧生分支复合芽的萼片原基和花瓣原基倾向于优先发生；最外轮６枚雄蕊的发生是成对的按对萼的形式发生。这是以往对该属花器官发生研究没有注意到的。由雄蕊原基向心皮原基的转变发生在与最外轮６枚雄蕊相交替的６个位点

Mechanism of geniposide in improving free fatty acid metabolism in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

观察栀子苷改善非酒精性脂肪性肝病的效果,从游离脂肪酸探讨栀子苷调节非酒精性脂肪性肝病的作用机制。健康雄性Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为4组:正常组、模型组、栀子苷组和血脂康组,每组大鼠10只,正常组大鼠给予正常大鼠饲料喂养,其余3组大鼠均采用高脂饲料喂养以诱导非酒精性脂肪性肝病,造模时间为8周,从第5周起至第8周末,栀子苷组和血脂康组分别灌服相应的药物。记录大鼠体重、肝湿重、脂肪质量;用相应方法检测肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量,血清CHO,LDL-C的含量,血清AST,ALT的活性;观察肝脏组织肉眼及病理变化(HE染色法)。结果显示,与正常组相比,模型组大鼠的体重;肝湿重;脂肪重;血清CHO,LDL-C,ALT,AST;肝组织TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量皆显著升高(P<0.01);肝组织AMPK活性显著降低(P<0.01),肝组织肉眼外观及病理切片脂肪变性明显,并出现炎症损伤;与模型组相比,栀子苷组大鼠体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量、血清ALT,AST活性均显著降低(P<0.01),肝湿重,肝组织TG,FAS,ACCase及Malonyl-Co A含量明显降低(P<0.05),肝组织AMPK活性明显增多(P<0.05),肝脏肉眼外观及病理学表现均有所改善;与模型组相比,血脂康组大鼠的肝湿重、脂肪质量、肝组织TG,FFA和血清LDL-C水平明显降低(P<0.05);与血脂康组相比,栀子苷组大鼠的体重、脂肪质量、肝组织FFA含量均显著降低(P<0.01),其他方面无明显差异。结果表明,栀子苷具有显著的改善高脂饮食诱导的大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的药理效应;其改善大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的游离脂肪酸代谢是通过调节"AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA"轴来实现的。To observe the effect of geniposide on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease( NAFLD),and discuss the mechanism of geniposide for NAFLD from the aspect of free fatty acid,forty healthy Wistar male rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,geniposide and Xuezhikang group. The rats in normal group were fed with normal diets,and the rats in other 3 groups were given with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to induce the NAFLD models. From the week 5 to end of week 8,the rats in geniposide and Xuezhikang group were intervened with corresponding medicines. The body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats were recorded.Visual and pathological changes in hepatic tissues were observed with HE staining. The contents of TG,FFA,FAS,AMPK,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A in hepatic tissue,contents of CHO and LDL-C in serum and activities of AST and ALT in serum were detected by using corresponding methods. The results showed that the body weight,liver wet weight,and fat weight of the rats,CHO,LDL-C,ALT and AST levels in serum,TG,FFA,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels in hepatic tissues of the rats in model group were significantly higher than those in normal group( P < 0. 01),while AMPK activity was significantly lower than that of the normal group( P < 0. 01),with obvious visual and pathological steatosis in hepatic tissues,and inflammatory injury occurred in model group. Compared with the model group,body weight of the rat,fat weight,levels of FFA in hepatic tissues,ALT and AST activities in serum,liver wet weight,TG,FAS,ACCase and Malonyl-Co A levels were significantly decreased in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),while the AMPK activity in hepatic tissues was significantly increased( P < 0. 05),with improvement in visual and pathological performance.Compared with the model group,liver wet weight,fat weight,TG and FFA levels in hepatic tissues,and LDL-C level in serum were significantly decreased in Xuezhikang group( P < 0. 05). Compared with Xuezhikang group,the body weight of rat,fat weight and FFA level in hepatic tissues were significantly lower in geniposide group( P < 0. 01),but with no significant difference in other aspects. These findings indicated that geniposide was highly effective in improving the pharmacological effect of NAFLD induced by highfat diet,and the mechanism was achieved through AMPK-ACCase-Malonyl-Co A-FFA axis.国家自然科学基金项目(81274155;81503529);; 福建省自然科学基金项目(2014J01374);; 福建省高等学校新世纪人才计划项目;; 厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20134020);; 福建省中医药科研项目(WZPW201308

死亡受体5胞外区域的重组、表达及活性鉴定

目的构建死亡受体5(deathreceptor5,DR5)胞外区域(eDR5)的表达载体,表达纯化重组蛋白并鉴定其生物特性。方法通过重叠PCR获得DR5胞外段编码序列,构建pET-22b(+)/DR5表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导表达,Ni2+柱亲和纯化,SDS-PAGE、直接ELISA鉴定纯化产物的纯度和特异性,用MTT法检测eDR5蛋白阻断DR5单克隆抗体FMU1.5和TRAIL诱导人胶质瘤细胞株U343(高表达DR5)、U373(低表达DR5)细胞凋亡的作用。结果获得了DR5胞外段编码序列,目的蛋白在上清及包涵体中都有表达,表达量占菌体总蛋白的30%以上,纯化的重组蛋白纯度达95%以上,蛋白产量达9mg/ml。ELISA结果表明所纯化蛋白为eDR5。eDR5蛋白可部分阻断FMU1.5和TRAIL诱导人胶质瘤细胞株U343细胞凋亡的作用,其阻断率与DR5表达相关。结论死亡受体5胞外段基因的成功重组、表达及纯化,为进一步的功能研究奠定了基础