從五幕數位音樂舞劇《水鬼城隍爺》 探討結合舞蹈、音樂和數位互動的跨領域表演藝術集體創作

[[abstract]]　　本論文嘗試以深入淺出的方式，探討目前全球藝術潮流，如何廣泛應用數位理論與技術於表演藝術創作中。內容主要以「數位藝術」（Digital Art）為出發點，並以李和莆（文彬）教授製作的數位音樂舞劇《水鬼城隍爺／艋舺過水霞海城隍》(Water Ghost, City God/ Water Ghost, City God/Hsiahai City God Through Water of Mengjia) 為例，分析表演藝術的創作與數位藝術設計，並結合互動感應輔助系統，深入探討音樂劇場的創作，特別有關數位聲音、影像的設計製作與多媒體應用的設計理論與實務創作。而經由「電腦軟體」(Software)的應用與設計逐步解說，進一步探討數位藝術中的「視覺效果」(Visual Effects)和「聽覺效果」(Sound Effects)的素材與美學，並以多方面相關文獻資料之比較為基礎，探討《水鬼城隍爺》的作曲家對於跨領域藝術創作所應賦予不同的時代新義。筆者並在理論與實際作品分析中，將數位藝術創作的源流與發展，理論與實際應用作更清晰之剖析。其主要目的在於希冀提倡國內的數位創作能做多方位的跨領域結合，除了希望能提供表演藝術創意的實質內涵，並在「傳統創作」與「數位創作」手法之間，深入不同的美學角度探討，以提供各領域學者專家對於數位音樂舞劇有更透徹的認識並了解。

七家灣拆壩後之河道演變模式

This study focused on channel responses one and a half years after dam removal in the Chijiawan Creek and proposed a channel evolution model based on analyses of hydrology, morphology, and images. Channel adjustment is highly influenced by the distance between the dam and the headcut erosion. We defined nine and six stages of the channel evolution model for the upstream and downstream reach, respectively, according to the cross sections 48 m upstream and 30 m downstream from the dam. It took a couple of minutes to reach stage B (main channel migration) and one year or so to reach stage E3 (widening and continued incision). As Chijiawan Creek has not reached the quasi-equilibrium state, stage F’, we suggest that the establishment of a long-term channel evolution model is critical for in-situ monitoring.為探究七家灣溪一號壩拆壩後達到準平衡階段之河道演變模式，本研究蒐集水文、地形與影像資料，分析拆壩後一年半之河道演變情形，做為建立長期河道演變模式之基礎。七家灣溪之河道調整程度和距壩遠近與溯源侵蝕有關。本研究根據壩上游48 m 處與下游30 m 處斷面，分別定義上下游九個與六個河道演變階段。在時間尺度上，上游河道進入階段B(主河道調整) 僅需數分鐘、進入階段E3(河道拓寬並持續下切) 需1~2 年、而準平衡階段F’尚未達到，因此以此研究所建立之河道演變模式為基礎，持續監測未來七家灣溪達到準平衡階段之過程有其必要

[[alternative]]X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of Al doped heusler compounds Fe2VSi

碩士[[abstract]]本論文以X光近邊緣結構吸收光譜 (X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure，XANES)研究Heusler 化合物Fe2VSi1-xAlx(x=0.00~0.25)之電子結構。我們可以發現Al摻雜對Al 3p-Fe 3d以及Al 3p-V 3d是有相當強的混成。而在Fe的L3-edge的空軌域數目隨著Al摻雜的增加而增加(Fe的電洞數目增加)，在摻雜量x=0.15時電洞的數目達到最大值，之後持續增加Al摻雜量，Fe的L3-edge空軌域的數目卻有下降的趨勢(電洞數目減少)，而Fe的L3-edge的空軌域數目與電阻率以及熱電勢呈一相反的走勢，因此我們發現了Fe電洞濃度與熱電性質的關連性。而我們由Fe K-edge的吸收光譜中可以發現，隨著Al的摻雜並不會使其吸收峰有明顯的改變。[[abstract]]We have performed x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) study on a series of Fe2VSi based Heusler type compounds to study the correlations between electronic structure and the thermoelectric property. A series of Fe2VSi1-xAlx compounds with different Al concentrations (x form 0 to 0.25) were studied. The XANES results show that the unoccupied density of states above Fermi level increases with increasing Al concentration, which is positively correlated with the measured resistivity and the Seebeck coefficient data. On the other hand, increased Al concentration does not affect the hybridization between transition metal V and Fe.[[tableofcontents]]第一章 序論 ………………………………………………………… 1 第二章 樣品簡介 …………………………………………………… 3 2.1 Heusler-type化合物 ……………………………………… 3 2.2 Fe2VSi1-xAlx 的特性 ……………………………………… 5 2.3 熱電性質相關理論簡介 …………………………………… 8 第三章 X光吸收光譜簡介 ………………………………………… 10 3.1 X光吸收光譜近邊緣結構 (XANES) ………………………… 14 3.2延伸X光吸收光譜精細結構 （EXAFS） …………………… 15 3.3數據分析 ……………………………………………………… 19 第四章 實驗設備與量測方法 ……………………………………… 25 4.1 X光光源 ……………………………………………………… 25 4.2單色儀 ………………………………………………………… 26 4.3光譜測量方式 ………………………………………………… 27 4.4測量樣品的處理與準備 ……………………………………… 31 第五章 結果與討論 ……………………………………………… 33 5.1 V K-edge 吸收光譜 (XANES) ……………………………… 33 5.2 Fe K-edge 吸收光譜 (XANES) …………………………… 35 5.3 Fe L2,3-edge 吸收光譜 (XANES) ………………………… 41 5.4 V L2,3-edge 吸收光譜 (XANES) ………………………… 50 第六章 結論 ……………………………………………………… 52 參考文獻 …………………………………………………………… 53 圖2.1 Heusler-type 化合物之主要構成……………...........……...….....4 圖2.2 Heusler-type 化合物之晶格結構模型….…...…………………...4 圖2.3 Fe2VSi 化合物室溫時的立方結構圖…….………………………5 圖2.4 Fe2VSi1-xAlx X 光繞射圖……………………...........………….....6 圖2.5 Fe2VSi1-xAlx 溫度相關之電阻率與熱電功率圖……...…….……7 圖2.6 Seebeck Effect 示意圖….………………….……………..……....9 圖2.7 Petiler Effect 示意圖………………………..……………….........9 圖3.1 物質吸收截面與能量之關係圖……….......…………………....12 圖3.2 XANES與EXAFS分界圖………..…………………...………...13 圖3.3 光電子平均自由路徑與能量關係圖………...…………………15 圖3.4 單一散射與多重散射之圖示…………………...………………16 圖3.5 以雙原子分子的情況來表示吸收光譜與光電子末態波函數關 係的示意圖…………………………………………………………..17 圖3.6 出射電子受鄰近原子的背向散射，而產生干涉現象....……….17 圖3.7 選擇能量底限E0值的不同方法….…………………….………20 圖3.8 X 光吸收光譜之數據分析流程………………………………....24 圖4.1 X 吸收光譜實驗示意圖…………………………………………27 圖4.2 穿透式…………………………………………………………...27 VIII 圖4.3 X 光通過物質之強度衰減………………………………….…...28 圖4.4 螢光式……………………….......................................................29 圖4.5 電子逸出式…………………………...…………………………30 圖4.6 光子吸收過程…………...………………………………………31 圖5.1 Fe2VSi1-xAlx，V K-edge 近邊吸收光譜.......................................37 圖5.2 Fe2VSi1-xAlx，平移後V K-edge 近邊吸收光譜………………...38 圖5.3 Fe2VSi1-xAlx，Fe K-edge 近邊吸收光譜.....................................39 圖5.4 Fe2VSi1-xAlx，平移後Fe K-edge 近邊吸收光譜……………....40 圖5.5 Fe2VSi1-xAlx，Fe L2,3- edge 吸收光譜..........................................42 圖5.6 Fe2VSi1-xAlx，平移後Fe L2,3- edge 吸收光譜，並且扣除其背景 函數圖..................................................................................................43 圖5.7 Fe2VSi1-xAlx扣除背景函數後的Fe L2,3-edge 吸收光譜..............44 圖5.8 Fe2VSi1-xAlx，Fe L3-edge 面積積分值.......................................47 圖5.9 Fe2VSi1-xAlx 於300K 時，Fe L3-edge 面積積分值與電阻率比較 圖..........................................................................................................48 圖5.10 Fe2VSi1-xAlx 於300K 時，Fe L3-edge 面積積分值與熱電勢比 較圖.....................................................................................................49 圖5.11 Fe2VSi1-xAlx，V L2,3- edge 吸收光譜..........................................51[[note]]學號: 694180281, 學年度: 9

[[alternative]]磁性元素摻雜對CeO2奈米粒子電子結構與磁性之影響

博士[[abstract]]本論文利用同步輻射X光吸收光譜（XAS）與X光放射光譜（XES）的量測來研究磁性元素摻雜對二氧化鈰(CeO2)納米粒子的電子結構，並針對其變化加以討論，藉此了解電子結構與磁性之間的關連性。利用Ce L3-edge和M4,5-edge的量測可以觀察出的Ce的價電子數的改變情況。觀察摻雜物(Fe與Cr)的價數變化，則可利用其K-edge和L2,3-edge的量測，也可以說明在摻雜時的其價電子數的改變情況。利用O K-edge吸收光譜，可以發現在其吸收前景所形成的特徵峰，是因為Ce 4f的電子與O 2p的電子混成所形成的，此混成軌域的吸收強度隨著磁性元素摻雜濃度的增加有很明顯的改變。 　　實驗結果說明，利用不同磁性元素的摻雜，在CeO2 NP的系統中所引起的磁性機制是不同的。在Fe摻雜系列的樣品，在Fe摻雜濃度較低時（低於5％），會形成具有鐵磁性的Fe3+-Vo-Ce3 +的電子組態(Vo表示為氧空缺)，因此在Fe低濃度摻雜時，其磁性會隨著摻雜量增加而提高。然而，隨著Fe摻雜濃度持續增加，除了原來具有磁性的Fe3+-Vo-Ce3 +的電子組態外，因為Fe摻雜濃度增加，也產生了反鐵磁的電子組態Fe3+-Vo-Fe3+，反而造成磁性的降低。而在Cr摻雜系列的樣品，隨著Cr3+摻雜濃度的增加，對系統形成了具有鐵磁性的Cr3+-Vo-Ce3+電子組態也隨之增加，因此造成了磁性的提升。[[abstract]]This study reports the electronic structure of magnetic element doped CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Systematic synchrotron radiation based X-ray spectroscopy analysis was utilized to investigate the electronic structures in CeO2 NPs, which is determined by coupled X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). The result revealed that the magnetic properties are correlated to the electronic structures. Ce L3-edge and M4,5-edge spectra reveal the variations of the charge states of Ce. Transition metal (TM) K-edge and L2,3-edge spectra indicate the variations of their valence states upon TM doping. The pre-edge features of oxygen K-edge spectra due to the hybridization between cerium 4f and oxygen 2p states depend strongly on the concentration of magnetic element doping. Our results indicate that, for Fe-doped samples, ferromagnetic Fe3+-Vo-Ce3+ configuration is formed at low Fe concentrations (below 5%). While, at higher Fe concentrations, anti-ferromagnetic Fe3+-Vo-Fe3+ configuration is formed. For Cr-doped samples, the major effect of magnetic properties in Cr3+ doping system is formed the ferromagnetic Cr3+-Vo-Ce3+ configuration.[[tableofcontents]]Table of Contents Acknowledgment.............................................i Abstract..................................................ii Table of Contents.........................................iv List of figures............................................v 1. Introduction 1.1 CeO2...................................................1 1.2 Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor.........................4 1.3 Sample Preparation.....................................6 2. Experiments Techniques 2.1 Introduce..............................................9 2.2 Synchrotron Radiation.................................11 2.3 Beamline utilities....................................15 2.4 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS)...................17 2.5 X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES).....................24 2.5-1 Non-resonant X-ray emission Spectroscopy............25 2.5-2 Resonant X-ray Emission Spectroscopy................26 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Fe doped CeO2 EXAFS, XAS and XES......................29 3.2 Cr doped CeO2 XAS and XES.............................62 4.Conclusion..............................................84 5.Bibliography............................................85 List of figures Fig. 1-1 Structure of CeO2 is cubic fluorite structure, where the red circle is oxygen and yellow circle is cerium.....................................................3 Fig. 1-2 Schematic diagram of solid oxide electrochemical cells (SOCs)...............................................3 Fig. 1-3 (a) XRD results for pure CeO2 NPs and Cr doped with various concentrations from 1% to 20%, and (b) Fe doped concentrations from 1% to 11%..............................8 Fig. 2-1 The electromagnetic spectrum spans the range from radio waves at long wavelengths to gamma rays at short wavelengths...............................................11 Fig. 2-2 (a) Advanced Light Source (ALS), Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL), CA. (b) National synchrotron radiation center (NSRRC), Taiwan....................................14 Fig. 2-3 Schematic diagram of produce of synchrotron light source....................................................14 Fig. 2-4 The experimental device of beamline 7.0.1 including the x-ray emission spectrometer...........................16 Fig. 2-5 Schematic diagram of the electron beam disturbed by the undulator magnet to alternative magnetic field emitted radiation into the beamline...............................16 Fig. 2-6 Schematic illustration of x-ray absorption spectroscopy process......................................19 Fig. 2-7 Energy levels, absorption edges and different fluorescence emission linesz..............................19 Fig. 2-8 X-ray absorption spectrum of Fe K-edge, as an example with corresponds to excitation of a Fe 1s electron into empty p state. The spectrum is divided into XANES and EXAFS.....................................................21 Fig. 2-9 (a) EXAFS, pictorial pictorial view of photoelectron scattering process in the single scattering regime, and (b) in the multiple scattering regimes........22 Fig. 2-10 Schematic view of x-ray absorption spectrometer.23 Fig. 2-11 The decay mechanism of XAS total electron yield and the total fluorescence modes..........................23 Fig. 2-12 Schematic process of O K-edge XAS and XES.......25 Fig. 2-13 RXES of CeO2 and corresponding transitions between energy levels diagram...................................................28 Fig. 2-14 The end-station experimental arrangement for XES experime..................................................28 Fig. 3.1-1 Ce L3-edge EXAFS of CeO2 bulk, NP and NPs with different Fe concentrations (1% to 11%)...................30 Fig. 3.1-2 Fe K-edge EXAFS of CeO2 bulk, NP and NPs with different Fe concentrations (1% to 11%)...................31 Fig. 3.1-3 Ce L3-edge XAS of CeCl3, CeO2 bulk, NP and NPs with different Fe concentrations (1% to 11%) and fitting result....................................................34 Fig. 3.1-4 The variation of IC/Itotal in the XAS spectra of CeO2 NPs as a function of concentration of Fe doping......35 Fig. 3.1-5 Ce M4, 5-egde XAS of CeO2 NPs with various Fe contents (1% to 11%) and of reference samples that contains trivalent and tetravalent Ce..............................36 Fig. 3.1-6 (a) Enlargement of experimental (black line) M5-edge and that fitted (red line) by linear combination of CeO2 and CeAl2 spectra. (b) Enlargement of 4f0 satellite feature. (c) Comparison of intensities of satellite features and Ce3+/ (Ce3++Ce4+) ratios..............................38 Fig. 3.1-7 (a) Fe L3-edge XAS of Fe doped CeO2 samples and the reference oxides......................................40 Fig. 3.1-7 (b) Fe K-edge derivative spectra (symbolic lines) of 3% Fe doped CeO2 and the reference oxides..............41 Fig. 3.1-8 Fe L2, 3-edge of XAS of CeO2 NPs with different concentrations of Fe; inset shows those of FeO, Fe2O3 and Fe3O4.....................................................44 Fig. 3.1-9 (a) Fe charge state against L3/L2 ratio. (b) Correlation among Fe L3/L2 ratio, A5/B5 intensity ratio and Ce3+/ (Ce3++Ce4+) ratio...................................45 Fig. 3.1-10 O K-edge XAS of CeO2 bulk, NP and NPs with different Fe concentrations (1% to 11%)...................48 Fig. 3.1-11 (a) Enlargement of pre-edge region. The red area at the bottom is fitted a Gaussian function, from which is determined the amount of Ce 4f-O 2p hybridized states. (b) Variation of intensity of peak A3.........................49 Fig. 3.1-12 O K-edge X-ray absorption-emission spectrums..53 Fig. 3.1-13 (a) First-order derivative of XAS and XES spectra for bandgap determination. (b) Bandgap versus Fe concentration.............................................54 Fig. 3.1-14 O Kα RXES (O 1s → 2p → 1s) spectra of pure CeO2......................................................56 Fig. 3.1-15 The RXES spectra of Fe doped CeO2 NPs with the 3% and 7% content of Fe doping that recorded the excitation energy at (a) 530eV and (b) 532.4 eV, respectively........57 Fig. 3.1-16 RXES spectra of pure CeO2 NPs recorded at different excitation energies near the Ce 3d5/2 thresholds................................................59 Fig. 3.1-17 The Ce 3d5/2 thresholds REXS spectra of Fe doped CeO2 NPs recorded the excitation energy at (a) 881.1 eV and (b) 882.1 eV..............................................60 Fig. 3.1-18 The Ce 3d5/2 thresholds REXS spectra of Fe doped CeO2 NPs recorded the excitation energy at 883.6 eV.......60 Fig. 3.2-1 Ce L3-edge XAS of CeO2 NP and NPs with different Cr concentrations (3% to 11%) and fitting result..........64 Fig. 3.2-2 The variation of IC/Itotal in the XAS spectra of CeO2 NPs as a function of concentration of Cr doping......65 Fig. 3.2-3 Ce M4, 5-edge XAS spectum results for CeAl2, pure CeO2 NPs and Cr doped samples.............................68 Fig. 3.2-4 (a) Schematic diagram of is fitted result (red dots) by linear combination of CeO2 (Ce4+) and CeAl2 (Ce3+) spectra. (b) Enlargement of experimental data (black line) M5-edge and that fitted data (red dots) with Cr doped CeO2 samples. (c) Comparison of intensities of satellite features and Ce3+/ (Ce3++Ce4+) ratios..............................69 Fig. 3.2-5 Cr L3-edge XAS of Cr doped CeO2 samples and the reference oxides..........................................72 Fig. 3.2-6 Cr L2, 3-edge XAS of different concentrations Cr doped CeO2 NPs and Cr2O3..................................73 Fig. 3.2-7 O K-edge XAS spectrum results for pure CeO2 NPs and Cr doped samples......................................75 Fig. 3.2-8 O K-edge X-ray absorption-emission spectrums...77 Fig. 3.2-9 (a) First-order derivative of XAS and XES spectra for bandgap determination. (b) Bandgap versus with Cr concentration.............................................78 Fig. 3.2-10 The RXES spectra of Cr doped CeO2 NPs with the lowest and highest content of Cr doping that recorded the excitation energy at (a) 530eV and (b) 532.4 eV, respectively..............................................81 Fig. 3.2-11 The Ce 3d5/2 thresholds REXS spectra of Cr doped CeO2 NPs with the lowest and highest content of Cr doping that recorded the excitation energy at (a) 881.1 eV and (b) 882.1 eV, respectively....................................82 Fig. 3.2-12 The Ce 3d5/2 thresholds REXS spectra of Cr doped CeO2 NPs with the lowest and highest content of Cr doping that recorded the excitation energy at 883.6 eV...........83[[note]]學號: 896210019, 學年度: 10

[[alternative]]Research for the relationship between ownership and corporate performance : a study of manufacturing industry, service industry and financial industry

碩士[[abstract]]本研究以股權所有權與公司績效作為研究標的，實施期間為2006年至2016年，使用資料為天下雜誌「2000大調查」中三大產業裡公司規模為最大之企業，分別為鴻海、大聯大及國泰金。首先本研究以單根檢定檢驗研究資料是否呈現定態的時間序列，所運用之單根檢定包含PP、KPSS與NP單根檢定法。結果發現股權所有權及公司績效資料皆為I(1)數列。 接著利用Enders and Granger(1998)門檻自我迴歸模型(TAR)以及動差門檻自我迴歸模型(M-TAR)進行門檻共整合檢定，再進一步利用Enders and Granger (1998)及Enders and Siklos(2001)門檻誤差修正模型(TECM)，研究股權所有權與公司績效之間是否存在著長短期非線性因果關係。結果發現當以公司績效為被解釋變數時，不同產業的董事持股比率對公司績效間均有長期因果關係存在；另外當以持股比率為被解釋變數時，公司績效對大多數董事及大股東持股比率皆不存在有長期因果關係，但以鴻海董事及大聯大大股東持股比率為例外。[[abstract]]This paper’s purpose is investigate the asymmetric causal relationship between ownership and corporate performance.The research material is from「CommonWealth」magazine from March 2006 to Decemer 2016.At first, our research employs PP, KPSS and NP unit root test to make sure what type the time series is. After, make use of threshold error- correction model (TECM) studied by Enders and Siklos (2001) to confirm the long-run equilibrium between ownership and corporate performance. This paper finds that no long-run causal relationship exists between ownership and corporate performance except 鴻海board’s shareholding ratio and 大聯大majority shareholder’s shareholding ratio are dependent variable when ownership is dependent variable. This paper also finds that long-run causal relationship exists between ownership and corporate performance when board’s shareholding ratio is variable and corporate performance is dependent variable.[[tableofcontents]]目錄 頁次 中文摘要.......................................................................................................................I 英文摘要.....................................................................................................................I I 第一章 緒論..................................................................................................................1 第一節 研究背景與動機......................................................................................1 第二節 研究目的..................................................................................................3 第二章 文獻探討..........................................................................................................4 第一節 股權結構與所有權………......................................................................4 第二節 股權所有權與公司績效相關文獻..........................................................5 第三節 研究變數相關文獻..................................................................................7 第三章 研究方法..........................................................................................................10 第一節 單根檢定................................................................................................11 第二節 門檻共整合檢定....................................................................................16 第三節 門檻誤差修正模型與Granger Causality關係.....................................21 第四章 實證結果........................................................................................................24 第一節 資料選取與敘述統計............................................................................24 第二節 單根檢定分析........................................................................................27 第三節 門檻共整合檢定分析............................................................................31 第四節 門檻誤差修正模型與Granger因果關係分析.....................................44 第五節 長短期因果關係....................................................................................70 第五章 結論與建議....................................................................................................72 第一節 結論........................................................................................................72 第二節 建議........................................................................................................74 參考文獻......................................................................................................................75 表目錄 頁次 表4-1-1 天下雜誌「2000大調查」各行業前10名.................................................25 表4-1-2 公司績效之敘述統計....................................................................................26 表4-1-3 股權所有權之敘述統計................................................................................26 表4-2-1 PP單根檢定(公司績效).................................................................................28 表4-2-2 PP單根檢定(股權所有權).............................................................................28 表4-2-3 KPSS單根檢定(公司績效)............................................................................29 表4-2-4 KPSS單根檢定(股權所有權)........................................................................29 表4-2-5 NP單根檢定(公司績效)................................................................................30 表4-2-6 NP單根檢定(股權所有權)............................................................................30 表4-3-1 董事持股與公司績效變數模型非線性共整合測試(鴻海).........................33 表4-3-2 大股東持股與公司績效變數模型非線性共整合測試(鴻海).....................35 表4-3-3 董事持股與公司績效變數模型非線性共整合測試(大聯大).....................37 表4-3-4 大股東持股與公司績效變數模型非線性共整合測試(大聯大).................39 表4-3-5 董事持股與公司績效變數模型非線性共整合測試(國泰金).....................41 表4-3-6 大股東持股與公司績效變數模型非線性共整合測試(國泰金)……….....43 表4-4-1 公司績效與董事持股的門檻誤差修正模型估計(鴻海)….………………49 表4-4-2 公司績效與大股東持股的門檻誤差修正模型估計(鴻海)….……………53 表4-4-3 公司績效與董事持股的門檻誤差修正模型估計(大聯大) ………….……57 表4-4-4 公司績效與大股東持股的門檻誤差修正模型估計(大聯大)………….….61 表4-4-5 公司績效與董事持股的門檻誤差修正模型估計(國泰金)………………..65 表4-4-6 公司績效與大股東持股的門檻誤差修正模型估計(國泰金)……………..68 表4-4-7 持股比例與公司績效間長短期因果關係統整表……………………….…69[[note]]學號: 604531334, 學年度: 10

[[alternative]]Obstacle-avoiding routing algorithm for redistribution layer

碩士[[abstract]]重分佈層(RDL,Redistribution Layer)目前多使用在覆晶技術(Flip-Chip)上，而覆晶技術是一種將IC與基板(substrate)相互連接，基於小尺寸晶片、高I/O密度的封裝(Packging)方法。在封裝的過程中，先將晶片的墊片(pad)長出凸塊(bump)，然後將其翻覆過來，以面朝下的方式讓晶片上的墊片透過金屬導體與基板的接合點相互連接的封裝技術。 然而，覆晶技術最初的I/O接點並不具有面陣列(area array)的設計，使得此技術在早期受到不小的阻礙，於是才出現了重分佈層這樣的技術來解決這個問題，重分佈層是在晶圓表面沉積金屬層和介質層並形成相應的金屬佈線，來對晶片的I/O接點進行重新佈局，將其以面陣列形式佈置到較寬鬆的區域。 雖然截至今日，覆晶技術已不算是陌生的新技術了，探討重分佈層繞線演算法的論文數量也不在話下，而本篇論文則是在探討，當重分佈層中的繞線工程遇到了不可抗力的障礙(obstacle)而影響了繞線路徑時，線路該如何規劃以避開障礙。本論文從近期論文裡所討論到的模組下去做改善，並運用更為簡易之演算法省去較為複雜的步驟。 繞線演算法之目的為，讓晶片四個邊緣的I/O接腳(I/O pad)重新分布到平面陣列的凸塊墊片(bump pad)上。 大致的步驟分為：全域繞線與細部繞線兩種，而全域繞線又分成四個步驟：1)區塊分割2)區塊合併3)建立路網圖4)分配線路。其中所談到的「區塊模組」探討的是：當一個矩形區塊的四個周圍有數條線路須經過此區塊時，該如何正確的分配線路的空間與走位。 鑑於「區塊合併」的步驟中限制了區塊每邊不可超過兩個障礙物阻擋，在演算法上更加深了其複雜度，且此步驟雖有益處，但也有其弊端，故省略此步驟以達到更快速的要求；也因此，在「區塊模組」的演算法上收到了簡化之效果，前者演算法需考慮區塊的四個周圍是否有障礙物的包覆，但若省去「區塊合併」的步驟便不用考慮到這樣的問題。 最後的研究成果與前篇相較之下，若是在障礙物較少的狀況下，多數的測試結果都能以稍快的速度與更短的路徑達成繞線問題；而若是在障礙物較多的狀況下，雖繞線路徑相較前篇較不明顯，但在演算的速度上卻能快上非常多。 未來，重分佈層將有可能因三維晶片技術(3D-IC)的突破與發展，而大量仰賴重分佈層的輔助，所以重分佈層在未來還是有可觀的存在價值。[[abstract]]RDL, redistribution layer, mostly applies on Flip-Chip technology in recent years. Here is the mention of Flip-Chip technology, which connecting both integrated circuit and the substate together, based on small-size chip and high-IO-density packaging. In the package process, first, deposits solder balls on each of the pads. And then, flipped and positioned, so that the solder balls will facing the connectors on the external circuitry. However, in the early, Flip-Chip''s I/O ports doesn''t have plane array designing. So it receives a big difficulty when developing. To solve this problem, the designing of redistribution layer is came out. Redistribution layer is a re-routing layer between deposited metal layer and medium layer. It redistributes I/O port into plane array at wider area. Though, Flip-Chip technology is getting more mature nowadays, the amount of related papers are also getting much more. And this paper is focused on when the obstacles exist in the redistribution layer and affect the routing process, how we plan the new routing against it. There has a previous work "Obstacle-Avoiding Free-Assignment Routing for Flip-Chip Designs." Then we refer their model and improve it with simpler method to reduce its complexity. The purpose of the routing algorithm is to redistribute the route from the I/O pads which aroundding the origin chip to the bump pads which scattering in the plan area. The method of previous work is divided into two parts: Global Routing and Detail Routing. Then, Global Routing is divided into four steps: 1) tile partition, 2) tile merging, 3) flow-network, and 4) minimum-cost-flow solving. Step one, the routing plane is partitioned into a number of local regions called "tiles". Step two, merge some tiles based on a dynamic programming algorithm to improve solution quality and reduce the problem size. Step three, connect all models together, producing a global flow network. Step four, apply the minimum-cost maximum-flow algorithm to the network. Finally, transform the network-flow result into global routing topology. Then, based on the routing topology, detailed routing determines the specific wiring locations and completes the routing procedure. Comparing to the previous work, our method omitted the second part. Because this step restrict that the edge of each tile can only have one opening at most, which means that the edge cannot have more than two obstacle aside. In consequence, this step cannot guaranteed that the result will be better. So, if we omit this step, not also reduce the complexity of algorithm, but also avoid the case that even worse.[[tableofcontents]]Chapter 1 緒論...............................................1 1.1 研究背景與動機........................................1 1.2 論文總覽..............................................4 Chapter 2 基本概念與理論.....................................5 2.1 全域規劃與細部規劃....................................5 2.1.1 全域規劃..........................................6 2.1.2 細部規劃..........................................6 2.2 設計規則與限制........................................7 2.3 A* 搜尋演算法.........................................7 2.4 最小成本流問題........................................9 Chapter 3 前者方法論........................................10 3.1 完整繞線流程.........................................10 3.1.1 區塊劃分.........................................10 3.1.2 區塊合併.........................................11 3.1.3 流通路網結構.....................................12 3.1.4 最小成本問題應用.................................12 3.1.5 細部規劃.........................................13 3.2 障礙感知流通路網模組.................................14 3.3 現有預分配繞線方法...................................18 Chapter 4 提出的新方法......................................20 4.1 問題描述.............................................20 4.2 方法分析與改進.......................................20 4.3 提出的新模組.........................................23 4.4 程式碼規劃流程圖.....................................25 4.4.1 區塊劃分.........................................25 4.4.2 建立流通路網結構.................................26 4.4.3 細部規劃.........................................27 Chapter 5 實驗結果..........................................28 Chapter 6 總結..............................................31 參考文獻....................................................32 圖 1.1 覆晶技術架構圖........................................1 圖 1.2 覆晶技術封裝流程......................................2 圖 2.1 全域規劃與細部規劃....................................5 圖 2.2 最小成本流問題示例....................................9 圖 3.1 區塊劃分.............................................10 圖 3.2 最佳化缺失...........................................11 圖 3.3 區塊中心點與中間點...................................13 圖 3.4 交叉點與軌道.........................................13 圖 3.5 含有六個變數的r-vector...............................14 圖 3.6 OA-model與九個容量變數...............................16 圖 3.7 現有預分配繞線方法流程...............................19 圖 4.1 優化後的區塊劃分.....................................21 圖 4.2 五種區塊類型.........................................22 圖 4.3 全邊通行的三種佈線狀況...............................23 圖 4.4 簡化後的新模組.......................................24 圖 4.5 區塊劃分流程圖.......................................25 圖 4.6 流通路網結構的建立流程圖.............................26 圖 4.7 細部規劃流程圖.......................................27 圖 5.1 結果比較折線圖.......................................29 圖 5.2 佈線結果圖...........................................30 表 5.1 結果比較表格.........................................28[[note]]學號: 602450073, 學年度: 10

Farmers’ Preferences on Contract Farming

農業生產容易受到氣候因素影響，使得農產品的產量及價格也隨之波動，農民也需同時面對生產及市場上的風險，產銷失衡的情況也時有所聞。在國際上有許多以小農經營為主的國家，多採取契作產銷的方式使農業的生產較有規劃，不但可作為避免產銷失衡的方案之一，亦可減緩農民所面對的市場風險。目前我國也在積極推行契作產銷，不過農民與廠商大多採取口頭約定，因此在契約的履行上經常發生違約情形，造成契作產銷雙方的困擾。 過去契作產銷的相關文獻大多探討契作如何影響農民的收入、參與動機等，而較少了解農民對契作的需求，因此本研究將以問卷調查方式，並採用選擇模型來探討農民對於參與契作產銷的意向與偏好。 研究結果顯示，受訪者對於正式書面文件、契作買方提供種苗、種子、資材等投入要素具有顯著的正面偏好，而對作物收購條件為區分特定品質或等級具有顯著的負面偏好，並且對於政府相關單位協助糾紛排解具正面偏好，建議政府可協助設立具公信力的糾紛調解委員會以調解契作雙方之契約關係。Agricultural production is vulnerable to climate factors, thus the yield and crop prices are also fluctuating. Farmers need to face the risk in the production and in the market simultaneously, causing the imbalance between production and marketing. There are many countries which are operating mainly in small farms planned their agricultural production by taking contract framing, which is not only be used to avoid the imbalance between production and marketing, but also reduce farmers’ market risk. At present, Taiwan is also actively promoting contract farming. However, most of farmers and manufacturers are taking an oral agreement. Thus the cases of breaching contract are often occurred, causing problems in both sides of the contractual. Most of the previous literatures of contract farming were merely to discuss how it affects the income of farmers and the motivation to participate, but rarely focus on understanding the needs of farmers. Thus this study will collect the farmers’ intention and preferences to participate in contract farming by questionnaires, and discuss the factors that influencing farmers to participate the contract farming by using the choice model. The results showed that the respondents have significant positive preference on formal written document, buyer are providing seedlings, seeds, materials and other input factors. While crops acquisition conditions distinguish a particular quality or grade has a significant negative preferences. Furthermore, the relevant government units resolve disputes assist has a positive preference. We suggest that the government can assist in setting up a credible dispute mediation committee to mediate both sides of the contractual relationship

Exploring Customer Impulse Buying Behavior from Credit Card Transaction Records

衝動性購買行為屬於一種突發的、難以抗拒的消費行為，在過去的研究上，大多是以心理層面的研究出發，探討任何可能的行銷刺激、購物環境、行為變數、人格特質等影響因素。過去傳統的方式，是以問卷分析的方式來解析研究引發衝動性購買行為的影響因子；但由於衝動性購買的突發性，導致研究者常常無法立即性地得知確切的原因究竟是什麼；抑或在測量消費者購買前跟購買後的態度差異時，也不一定能獲得最真實、態度一致的結果，因此導致研究上的限制。 然而衝動性購買在消費者行為上是一種極為普遍的現象，其交易行為幾乎隨時都在發生。從過去的研究中，可以知道當涉及某些特定的商店、特定產品或是產業時，會有衝動性購買行為的比例相對提升許多；且更進一步顯示出，具有衝動性購買行為特質的顧客，對企業主所追求的顧客價值相對來說也更大。因此對於衝動性購買的研究不管在學術或是實務上無疑是一項發展趨勢。 現今資料庫探勘的崛起、資訊科技、網路的普及，將社會帶向了一個全新的面貌。而在大數據時代的來臨，無數的交易行為代表著無數的交易資料被一一紀錄下來，這些紀錄代表的即是消費者最真實也是最確切的交易情況。資料庫統計方法的使用，搭配行銷決策的運用，我們可以嘗試去挖掘消費者背後的行為動機。但民眾的衝動性購買行為在過去的發展中，鮮少有利用消費者的交易紀錄來探勘消費者的消費行為特質。 因此，本研究運用資料統計探勘方式，以消費者的信用卡交易紀錄為主，利用兩階段集群分析法，搭配群集分類的動態穩定性檢驗，來確認利用該分析方式是否能有效地從資料庫紀錄中分類出具有衝動性購買行為特質的顧客。 其結果顯示，經由交易紀錄欄位做變數處理的分類變數指標，有效地將顧客分成衝動性與非衝動性購買顧客，且其區隔穩定性的結果為顯著，代表該分群方法妥當，但本次想要抓取的衝動性購買顧客比例卻過低。因此，考慮單一變數分類指標來做顧客分類，並以交叉表卡方檢定來分析檢驗，其分類結果顯著，且抓取的衝動性購買顧客人數和範圍也有效擴大。 根據人口統計變數和交易項目分析結果，我們可以進一步與相關的企業主合作發展各種顧客關係管理方案、一對一客製化行銷策略、推薦系統等，為企業及市場創造更大的價值。Impulse buying behavior is an unexpected and irresistible purchasing behavior. From all the past research on impulse buying, most researchers focused on psychological factors like purchasing environment, personality traits, marketing stimuli and behavior parameters etc. by using traditional questionnaire analysis to study the factors that lead to impulse buying. Because of the characteristic of being unexpected and sudden, researchers couldn’t identify the exact reason immediately. We even couldn’t know the actual outcomes when measuring the difference of purchasing attitudes before buying and after buying. That leads to the restrictions of previous research. Impulse buying is a very normal behavior of consumer behavior and transactions that could happen anytime and anywhere. According to past research, the percentage of impulse buying behavior would rise when some specific stores and particular industries were involved. Furthermore, the more impulse buying characteristics consumers have, the more customer value enterprises pursue. Therefore, no matter on academic research or on practices, impulse buying researches has already been a developed trend. The developments of database mining, information technology, and ubiquitous network have changed the society. Countless transaction behavior means countless transaction data are being recorded during the big data era. With the statistical methods on database and the collocation of marketing strategies, we can try to identify the motivations behind the consumer behavior. But there are few research studying impulse buying by using data mining methods on consumer transaction records. Therefore, I tried to use some data mining methods to analyze the credit cards transaction database that targeted customers with impulse buying characteristics by utilizing two-step clustering analysis, demographic variables analysis, and the dynamic segments stability analysis. According to the first outcome, the variables we chose and dealt with used in two-step clustering analysis from the credit cards database are able to differentiate the impulse buying and non-impulse buying customers. But the percentage of the impulse buying customer was too low. So, I kept tring another method to identify impulse buying customers by using only one classification index that was made from database. The second time’s outcome was siginificant and the number of those impulse buying customers we identified was much more than the first time. Finally, we can use these results, as well as the demographic variables analysis and the transaction items of industries analysis from records to make customer management programs, one-to-one customized marketing strategies, recommendation systems and to develop the collaboration relationships with related industries and enterprises. With the objective to create bigger and much more value for the market and companies

Studies on the Mechanism of SUMOylation between HIF-1α and PIAS2 under Hypoxia in HepG2 Cells

肝癌在許多先進國家是癌症死亡的主要原因，而一直以來也高居台灣十大癌症死因首位，對國人健康影響甚鉅。肝癌的發展過程常常伴隨著缺氧狀態的產生，且肝癌是多血管型的腫瘤，缺氧狀態下其缺氧誘導因子-1α(HIF-1α)所主導的血管新生會促進肝癌腫瘤的發育。此外，臨床證據顯示肝癌病人組織SUMO-1的表現較正常組織為高，顯示SUMO化在肝癌癌化過程中扮演了一定的角色。缺氧誘導因子-1α，為一種對於氧分壓敏感的轉錄因子，在正常氧分壓下很快就會被降解，在缺氧狀態下的轉錄活性與穏定度受到多種轉譯後修飾(posttranslational modifications)所調控，其中包括SUMO化。SUMO化能改變細胞中分子的行為，諸如轉錄因子的活化或抑制、影響細胞中分子的穏定度、改變分子在細胞膜上的位置。而目前已知HIF-1α在缺氧狀態下會被SUMO化修飾，且SUMO化的循環中有E1活化酶(AOS1/UBA2)、E2銜接酶(UBC9)及SENP-1去SUMO酵素的參與，且SENP-1為HIF-1α下游基因，與HIF-1α之間存在著正迴饋的關係，但目前仍不清楚為何種SUMO E3黏合酶參與其中。近年來許多研究指出SUMO E3黏合酶－PIAS家族成員和腫瘤惡化與血管新生的相關性，其中PIAS2，又名PIASx(Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT 2;PIAS2;PIASx)為PIAS SUMO E3連結酶家族成員之一，在正常肝臟組織中會高度表現，故本研究希望能夠透過進一步實驗，觀察當肝癌細胞處於缺氧微環境時，PIAS2是否參與在HIF-1α SUMO化過程中，以了解PIAS2在缺氧狀態下肝癌發育中所扮演的角色。本研究採用肝癌細胞株HepG2及HEK293T做為材料，以西方墨點法分析，利用缺氧系統培養箱或氯化亞鈷(II)所引起的缺氧狀態處理HepG2，發現其PIAS2的蛋白表現量並沒有改變；利用pcDNA3.1 -HA-HIF-1α對HEK293T進行暫時性轉染(transient transfection)，發現HIF1-α大量表現後並不會去影響PIAS2蛋白表現量；而利用免疫沈澱法觀察到細胞在缺氧狀態下不改變HepG2中PIAS2及SUMO-1蛋白表現量，且SENP-1被誘發的條件下，會促進PIAS2與HIF-1α之間的交互作用，也會增進HIF-1α與SUMO-1之間的交互作用；以PIAS2 shRNA慢病毒載體將HepG2的PIAS2進行靜默，觀察到缺氧狀態下PIAS2靜默HepG2和正常細胞相比，其HIF-1α與SUMO-1之間的交互作用程度會降低，且HIF-1α的穏定度也會下降，而在核質分離的結果中也發現，HIF-1α及SENP-1在核內的分布會減少。另外，在HRE promoter reporter assay方面，發現缺氧狀態下，在內生性PIAS2表現量靜默後，缺氧反應元件(hypoxia responsive element, HRE)活性會明顯地下降，此外利用RT-PCR也觀察到HepG2中HIF-1α下游基因VEGF及Glut-1，其mRNA表現量也有明顯減少的現象。總結以上結果，在缺氧狀態下HepG2中的PIAS2可藉由與HIF-1α交互作用並對其SUMO化，增加穏定度進而使HIF-1α進入核內。進核後SUMO型態的HIF-1α，會被SENP-1去SUMO化，而趨於穏定與HIF-1β結合至缺氧反應元件(hypoxia-resposive element, HRE)，使HRE活性上升，並轉錄活化下游基因VEGF及Glut-1之表現。本研究證明PIAS2於缺氧狀態訊息傳遞與下游反應的功能性重要角色。然而，其中可能牽涉其他SUMO E3黏合酶與轉譯後修飾作用參與則需要更進一步的實驗來探討相關機制。Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), which posed dangerous threat to human health, was the leading cause of death among cancers worldwide, including Taiwan. The development of HCC was always along with hypoxic conditions. Moreover, HCC was a hypervascular tumor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α)-mediated angiogenesis under hypoxia played an important role in its progression. Additionally, clinical studies have shown that the expression level of SUMO-1 was more higher in HCC tissue than non-neoplastic tissue, which suggested that SUMOylation plays a key role in the development of HCC. HIF-1α was a transcription factor that was rapidly degraded during normoxia and its ability to transactivate downstream genes and stability of HIF-1α was tightly regulated by many posttranslational modifications under hypoxia, including SUMOylation. SUMOylation could regulate diverse cellular functions, including transcription, nuclear translocation, and stress response. Previous studies have shown HIF-1α was modified by SUMO-1 under hypoxic conditions. In the process of HIF-1α SUMOylation, E1-AOS1/UBA2, E2-UBC9 and SENP-1 were involved. SENP-1, which was also a target gene of HIF-1α, could regulate HIF-1α by positive feedback under hypoxia. Nevertheless, how HIF-1α became SUMOylated by which SUMO E3 ligases during hypoxia is still unknown. According to recent research, there was emerging evidence showing that several members of PIAS(Protein Inhibitors of Activated STAT) SUMO E3 ligase family were possibly correlated to tumorogenesis and angiogenesis. PIAS2, a member of PIAS protein family, was highly expressed in liver. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation of SUMOylation between HIF-1α and PIAS2 in human hepatocarcinoma cell line(HepG2). Treatment of 0.5% oxygen in hypoxia chamber and CoCl2 could not alter the protein level of PIAS2 in HepG2 cells. Molecular approaches to overexpress HIF-1α protein expression in HEK293T cells did not affect the protein level of PIAS2. Additionally, hypoxic conditions could enhance not only the interaction between PIAS2 and HIF-1α but also SUMO-1 and HIF-1α by Immunopreciptation(IP) in HepG2 cells on condition that SENP-1 could be induced. Besides, we used PIAS2 shRNA to silence the endogenous PIAS2 expression in HepG2 cells, and we subsequently found that the interaction between SUMO-1 and HIF-1α, the nuclear translocation of HIF-1α and SENP-1 and HRE activity were significantly reduced in PIAS2 silenced HepG2 cells compared to wild type cells under hypoxia. Furthermore, mRNA level of hypoxia-responsive genes such as VEGF and Glut-1 were significantly decreased in PIAS2 silenced HepG2 cells under hypoxia. Overall, we concluded that PIAS2 could play a key role in the process of HIF-1α nuclear translocation and transactivation activity via SUMOylating HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions. This study demonstrated that PIAS2 may play a key role in the hypoxia-mediated signaling and downstream gene expression. However, we will further confirm if there is any other SUMO E3 ligase and posttranslational modification involved in the mechanism of HIF-1α SUMOylation under hypoxia

Mining Sequence Patterns by Using Probabilistic Suffix Tree on Hadoop Platform

『序列型樣探勘(sequence pattern mining)』主要是挖掘隱藏在序列資料中特殊、重要、具代表性的特徵(feature)。序列型樣探勘吸引了大量的關注，尤其是在生物資訊領域與具有時空軌跡探勘領域中。許多後置樹(Suffix Tree)，特別是Probabilistic Suffix Tree (PST)，常被用於序列型樣探勘，主要是因為其具有擷取序列資料之結構特徵能力，且其計算複雜度較低，因此常被用於計算能力或記憶體容量有限的環境下。 近來，隨著數據蒐集技術的進步，大量資訊迅速累積且無所不在，然而傳統集中式suffix tree演算法的可擴充性較差，因此無法應付大量資料的型樣探勘。有介於此，本論文提出了三種適用於雲端Hadoop平台的平行分散式的PST建構演算法，分別為CloudPST_Naïve、CloudPST、CloudPST_OneScan，具體來說，此三種演算法是使用Hadoop/MapReduce的程式模型來建構PST。CloudPST_Naïve是一種較直覺的演算法，由WordCount範例衍生而來。為解決Naïve方法的缺點，我們提出CloudPST演算法，其以漸進、一次多層、迭代的方式建構PST，因此可以避免過度探勘型樣，同時能平衡分散式計算的overhead。為避免多次掃描整個序列資料而拖累整體效能，我們進一步提出CloudPST_OneScan演算法，其利用一個新設計的資料結構以暫存中間統計的結果，因此每次迭代只需要掃描整個序列一次，即可建構該次迭代所需建構的PST層數。 為效能比較，我們進行許多實驗，試驗結果顯示CloudPST_OneScan各方面的表現都比CloudPST_Naïve和CloudPST好。而且CloudPST_OneScan擁有良好的執行效能，且具有良好的可擴充性與穩定性。Sequence pattern mining is to discover special, important, and representative features hidden in sequence data. It attracts a lot of attention especially in the domains of bioinformatics and spatio-temporal trajectory data mining. To discover features in sequence data, many suffix trees, especially the Probabilistic Suffix Tree (PST), are frequently used due to their capability in capturing the structural characteristics in sequence data. Recently, with the advance of data collection techniques, huge amounts of sequence data are accumulated ubiquitously. However, traditional centralized suffix tree learning algorithms do not scale well in learning huge sequence data. In view of this, we propose three distributed and parallel PST building algorithm, named CloudPST_Naive, CloudPST and CloudPST_OneScan on the Hadoop platform to speed up the learning process. Specifically, the three algorithms are Map/Reduce frameworks. CloudPST_Naive is an intuitive approach derived by the WordCount example. To overcome the drawbacks of the Naïve approach, we propose the CloudPST algorithm which builds a PST in an iterative, levels by levels manner to avoid learning excessive patterns and trade off the overhead of distributed computing. Furthermore, to avoid multiple scanning of the entire sequence data, we propose CloudPST_OneScan algorithm which involves a new data structure to store the intermediate statistics so that the One-Scan algorithm only scans the entire sequence data once for each iteration. To evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithms, we conduct exhaustive experiments and the experimental results show that the CloudPST_OneScan outperforms CloudPST_Naive and CloudPST algorithms. In addition, CloudPST_OneScan algorithm shows good efficiency and possesses great scalability and stability.中文摘要 I Abstract II 致謝辭 III 【目錄】IV 【表目錄】VI 【圖目錄】VII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究動機 1 1.2 研究背景 3 第二章 相關研究 5 2.1 序列資料探勘 5 2.2 Probabilistic Suffix Tree 6 第三章 雲端計算/Hadoop 11 3.1 雲端計算 11 3.2 Hadoop 14 3.2.1 HDFS 14 3.2.2 MapReduce 16 第四章 Hadoop平台上之PST建構演算法設計 19 4.1 重要型樣的平行計算 19 4.2 CloudPST_Naïve 21 4.3 Design of CloudPST(Cloud Probabilistic Suffix Tree) 24 4.3.1 CloudPST Algorithm 25 4.4 Design of CloudPST_OneScan 31 4.4.1 CloudPST_OneScan Algorithm 32 第五章 效能研究 39 5.1 Experiment1－input data size 39 5.2 Experiment2－mapper numbers 42 5.3 Experiment3－p_min 45 5.4 Dynamic Subtree Depth in CloudPST_One Scan 50 5.5 Experiment Conclusion 53 第六章 結論 54 參考文獻 5