成人不同鼻饲方式胃肠道耐受性的研究进展

鼻饲是临床上应用最为普遍的护理技术之一[1],适用于接受短期(<4~6周)肠内营养的患者[2-3]。英国每年有超过79万患者留置鼻胃管[4]。在中国,每年估计有660万患者插鼻胃管[1]。鼻饲是临床上为改善危重患者预后采取的一项重要辅助治疗措施,在为患者提供营养支持的同时,还可以维持胃肠道黏膜的完整性,降低病死率及感染性并发症发生率,缩短住院天数,提高患者生活质量[5]。胃肠道不耐受,福建省厦门市科技局科技惠民项目(编号:3502Z20134017

外贸企业计算机财务会计信息系统

外贸企业计算机财务会计信息系统厦门大学计算机系林坤辉，吴碧霞厦门外贸集团公司房德钦，林古鸿一、研究概况我国当前会计改革的重点表现在“两化”上；一是会计方法的国际化，与国际惯例“接轨”；二是会计核算手段的电算化。外贸企业的市场竞争异常激烈，其自身经营机..

重症鼻饲患者喂养不耐受症状管理的证据总结

目的:检索、评价和总结重症鼻饲患者喂养不耐受症状管理的证据。方法:计算机检索BMJ最佳临床实践、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Ovid、EMbase、中国知网、万方数据库和NGC、NICE、RNAO、ASPEN、ESPEN等国内外指南网、数据库及营养学会官方网站涉及重症鼻饲患者喂养不耐受评估、预防及护理的文献,包括临床实践指南、证据总结、最佳实践信息册、推荐实践及系统评价,并通过追溯以上证据的参考文献纳入支持相关证据的原始研究,检索时限截至2018年3月。结果:共纳入23篇文献,其中4篇临床实践指南、1篇证据总结、8篇系统评价、5项随机对照试验、2项类实验性研究、2项横断面研究和1项诊断性试验。经严格质量评价、证据提取和汇总,最终形成26条推荐意见,内容涵盖喂养不耐受的识别与评估、体位管理、营养配方、鼻饲喂养方式、胃残余量监测及常见症状处理等6个方面。结论:临床护士应使用基于循证依据的喂养不耐受管理方案,以保障重症患者鼻饲安全。厦门市科技局科技惠民项目(3502Z20134017

Thermodynamic Studies on Mechanism of Chiral Resolution by Liquid Chromatography

手性识别是分子识别的一个重要组成部分。液相色谱手性拆分机理研究有助于色谱条件的优化和新型手性固定相的设计,也有助于理解手性识别机制。本文就线性色谱与非线性色谱条件下手性拆分过程对应热力学参数的推求方法进行了评述,阐述了相关热力学参数的涵义及其在色谱保留及手性拆分机理探讨中的应用,并展望了该领域的研究前景。Chiral recognition is an important part of molecular recognition.Studies of mechanistic aspects of chiral resolution by liquid chromatography are helpful to optimize chromatographic conditions,to design novel chiral stationary phases and to understand chiral recogniton mechanisms.In this paper,the methodologies for deriving corresponding thermodynamic parameters in the chiral resolution processes by linear or nonlinear chromatography are reviewed.The meaning of correlative parameters is explained.The applications of these parameters in the studies of mechanistic aspects of retentions and chiral resolutions by liquid chromatography are expatiated,and corresponding research prospects are put forward.福建省自然科学基金(No.C0540024);; 福建省教育厅课题(No.JA05301)资

Thermodynamic studies on mechanism of chiral resolution by liquid chromatography

Chiral recognition is an important part of molecular recognition. Studies of mechanistic aspects of chiral resolution by liquid chromatography are helpful to optimize chromatographic conditions, to design novel chiral stationary phases and to understand chiral recogniton mechanisms. In this paper, the methodologies for deriving corresponding thermodynamic parameters in the chiral resolution processes by linear or nonlinear chromatography are reviewed. The meaning of correlative parameters is explained. The applications of these parameters in the studies of mechanistic aspects of retentions and chiral resolutions by liquid chromatography are expatiated, and corresponding research prospects are put forward

香港視覺藝術課程之發展趨勢分析

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以院校合作模式推動課程發展 Curriculum Development through an Institution-School Partnership Approach

本文提出香港現今師資培訓及中學校教育的局限性，並以行動研究的角度去尋找、探討及描述一個創新的教學法：「以院校合作模式推動課程統整」。文中描述這個院校合作計畫的理論架構、實踐模式及研究結果。院校合作提供啟導以及院校協作推動課程發展的機會，讓準老師把他們已涉獵的理論和教學法實踐在真實的教學情景中，師資培訓不再是紙上談兵。這個實景性學習能激發準老師的學習動機的同時，也能推動學校的課程發展。此外，院校合作的設計與實踐也融合了課程統整的原素：把學科分割的知識在有意義的教學主題下重新統合。因此，作為門徑去推動中學課程統整的院校合作計劃亦能讓中學生明白知識與生活是息息相關，讓他們體會學會學習的真諦。 Addressing the limitations of the current teaching training methods, this study adopts action research as a tool to examine the effectiveness of a new model of teaching known as the institute-school partnership in a teacher education programe in Hong Kong. The paper discusses the framework, design and implementation of this new partnership mode for a group of nine pre-service teachers, and how it can serve as a professional strategy to promote integrated curriculum development in schools. The Institution-school partnership project provided mentoring support that encouraged student-teachers to take part in curriculum development in school, student-teachers was able to apply pedagogical knowledge into real life context, and learned from experience alongside learning from text. This method enhanced the learning motivation of student-teachers at this pre-service period for better equipping themselves for the school workplace, at the same time highly promoted curriculum development of the participating school by adopting the concept of integration to achieve effective learning, within the current segregated curriculum structure in school. The study uses integrated curriculum as a cutting point to link up partnership with the teacher education institute and school teachers, the lessons learnt can be shared to promote curriculum development in schools which better serves the needs of learning for students in schools

成人间歇滴注与持续滴注鼻饲喂养效果比较的Meta分析

目的系统评价成人间歇滴注与持续滴注两种鼻饲方式的喂养效果。方法计算机检索清华同方知网数据库(Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、万方数据库知识服务平台(WanFang Data)、维普中文科技期刊数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库(Chinese biology medicine disc,CBMdisc)、PubMed、Web of Science等数据库,检索时限为建库至2017年12月。采用RevMan 5.3软件对纳入的比较间歇滴注与持续滴注两种鼻饲方式喂养效果的随机对照试验进行Meta分析。结果共纳入19篇文献,包括1739例患者。Meta分析结果显示,间歇滴注组在降低APACHE-Ⅱ评分及胃潴留、便秘、恶心呕吐、误吸、吸入性肺炎、堵管的发生率方面优于持续滴注组,同时可提升淋巴细胞计数,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);持续滴注组在提高血红蛋白浓度、缩短住ICU时间、降低病死率方面优于间歇滴注组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论采取间歇滴注鼻饲在降低胃潴留、便秘、恶心呕吐、误吸、吸入性肺炎、堵管的发生率的同时,可提高淋巴细胞计数,降低APACHE-Ⅱ评分;而持续滴注鼻饲有助于提高血红蛋白浓度、缩短住院时间、降低病死率。厦门市科技局科技惠民项目(3502Z20134017

Enantioseparation of Sulphoxide Compounds with Cellulose-based Chiral Stationary Phase

在纤维素型手性固定相Ch iralcel OD-H正相条件下对6个亚砜化合物进行了拆分,考察了流动相中极性醇添加剂的含量、柱温等对保留及手性拆分效果的影响。与手性硫原子相连的苯环上含有吸电子取代基的化合物拆分效果不理想,而苯甲亚砜、苯乙亚砜及对甲氧基苯甲亚砜得到了基线分离。当流动相为正己烷:异丙醇(92.5∶7.5,V/V),流速1.0 mL/m in,柱温25℃时,3个化合物的分离因子分别为1.351、1.369和1.151,出峰时间在26 m in以内。利用热力学方法对手性拆分机理进行了深入探讨。Six sulphoxide compounds were enantioseparated with a cellulose-based chiral stationary phase,Chiralcel OD-H,in the normalphase mode.The effects of the amount of polar alcohol in the mobile phase and the column temperature on the retention and enantioseparation were studied.It showed that the substance(containing) electron-withdrawing substituent in the aromatic ring exhibited low enantioseparation.Methyl phenyl sulphoxide,ethyl phenyl sulphoxide and methyl 3-methoxyphenyl sulphoxide can be baseline separated,the separation factors are 1.351,1.369 and 1.151 respectively when n-hexane/2-propanol(92.5∶7.5,V/V) was used as eluent,at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at 25℃.The retention times were in 26 min.The mechanism of chiral recognition was discussed further by thermodynamic method.福建省高校重点科技项目基金(No.JA99210);; 福建省科技厅三项经费(No.K02092);; 福建省自然科学基金(No.C0540024)资

為設計優質課程奠基 ─ 探討香港科技大學工學院學生對普通話與中文寫作的學習需求

為了加深了解新環境下大學生對普通話與中文寫作的學習需求，我們於1999年秋季至2000年春季期間進行了學習需求的分析研究。本研究分析的是香港科技大學工學院學生的學習需求，研究範圍包括學生學習普通話的原因和對普通話的看法、學生對普通話和中文寫作能力的自我評估以及學生對普通話和中文寫作課程的期望。研究方式採用了問卷調查和面談。問卷調查共收集了香港科技大學工學院700多位學生的資料，面談聽取了95位學生的意見。本論文分四個部分，首先介紹研究目的和研究對象，接著說明問卷調查的分析結果，然後闡述面談的分析結果，最後根據對研究數據的分析，對未來普通話與中文寫作課程的設計和發展提出建議