Distribution of sulfur in plants and sediments of mangrove in China and Influential Factors

以全国红树林主要分布地区——海南、广东、广西、福建共4个省份13个地区为研究对象，采集红树植物、沉积物样品。通过测定红树植物叶片，茎，根中的硫含量，分析红树植物中硫的累积和分布规律。通过测定表层沉积物，柱状沉积物中硫含量和pH值，盐分，有机质，土壤粒度等环境因子，分析红树林湿地沉积物植物中硫的分布规律，讨论环境影响因子对红树林湿地中硫的影响。通过研究，得出如下几点主要结论：主要结果如下：（1）我国红树林湿地表层沉积物中硫的平均含量达到0.214%，高于附近非红树林区沉积物中硫的平均含量（0.153%）；海南、广东、广西、福建这四个省区红树林沉积物中硫的平均含量分别为：0.34%、0.19%、0...Thirteen important mangrove areas including Hainan，Guangdong，Guangxi，Fujian were studied, Samples of mangrove plants, surficial sediments and vertical profiles and were collected from these places. Accumulation and distribution of sulfur in mangrove plants were discussed by examining the content of sulfur in the leaves, stems and roots of mangrove. Accumulation and distribution of sulfur in mangro...学位：理学硕士院系专业：生命科学学院生物学系_植物学学号：2005130197

Distribution Features and Speciation of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments of Main Mangrove of China

利用ICP-MS分析了我国红树林主要分布区表层沉积物的As含量和形态,阐明As的分布及其形态特征.结果表明,表层沉积物中w(As)为3.14～19.16mg/g,平均值为8.14mg/g.表层沉积物中w(As)与w(Fe),w(Mn),pH,w(有机质),粉粒和黏粒所占比例呈显著或极显著正相关.表层沉积物中的As主要以残渣态存在,其次为有机质-硫化物结合态.在整个研究区域,As的5种形态在总量中的所占比例:可交换离子态为14.40%,碳酸盐结合态为1.41%,铁锰氧化物结合态为2.16%,有机质-硫化物结合态为30.40%,残渣态为50.65%.可交换离子态所占比例与w(有机质)和pH呈极显著正相关.有机质-硫化物结合态所占比例与盐度、黏粒和粉粒所占比例呈显著或极显著正相关.残渣态所占比例与盐度、粉粒和黏粒所占比例呈极显著正相关.Arsenic contents in surface sediments collected from mangrove were analyzed with a PE DRC-e ICP-MS,and the distribution and species of As were identified.The results showed that As content ranged from 3.14～19.16 mg/g,with an average content of 8.14 mg/g.As content correlated well and positively with the contents of Fe and Mn,pH,organic content,silt and clay.Residual As was the primary species,and organic and sulfide As were the secondary species in the surface sediments.Among five As species,the exchangeable As accounted for 14.40%,carbonate As accounted for 1.41%,Fe-Mn oxides As accounted for 2.16%,organic-sulphide As accounted for 30.40%,and residual As accounted for 50.65%.Exchangeable As positively correlated with organic content and pH significantly.Organic-sulfide As and residual As positively correlated with salinity,silt and clay significantly.国家自然科学基金项目(40676064,30530150

Distribution of Mercury in Surficial Sediments from Main Mangrove Wetlans of China

作者简介: 丁振华(1966~ ) , 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为污染生 态学, E-mail : dzh@ xmu. edu. cn[中文文摘]通过对我国主要红树林区表层沉积物中总汞含量和环境因素的测定,研究了红树林湿地沉积物中汞的分布规律和影响因子之间的关系.结果表明,我国红树林湿地沉积物中总汞的含量范围是2.3~903.6 ng.g-1,平均值为(197±137.6)ng.g-1,福建洛阳桥[(467.5±68.8)ng.g-1]、浮宫[(438.2±147.0)ng.g-1]、鹅湾[(264.3±89.2)ng.g-1]、姚家屿[(125.4±27.1)ng.g-1],海南三亚[(164.8±143.9)ng.g-1]、东寨港[(314.1±335.7)ng.g-1],广东深圳[(179.9±7.7)ng.g-1]等7个红树林区的汞含量均显著高于当地土壤背景值,汞污染严重;而福建云霄[(63.3±43.9)ng.g-1]、广东高桥[(178.6±127.0)ng.g-1]、广西大冠沙[(26.1±18.8)ng.g-1]、山口[(73.8±21.1)ng.g-1]、北仑河口[(117.8±51.4)ng.g-1]、钦州湾[(147.5±107.6)ng.g-1]等红树林区汞含量接近于背景值,基本无污染.红树林湿地中汞含量的差异是众多环境因素和人类活动相互交叉影响的结果.红树林湿地中,pH值、粒度、有机质、Fe/Hg、Mn/Hg与总汞含量显著相关.其中,黏粒和Fe/Hg是影响沉积物中汞含量最显著的因素.环境因素对总汞含量的综合影响作用,可以用线性回归方程表示.[英文文摘]Surficial sediment samples were collected from main mangrove wetlands of China, mercury, pH, salinity, organic matters, grain size, Fe/Hg , Mn/Hg were analyzed. Mercury content ranges from 2.3 to 903.6 ng.g- 1, with a average of ( 197±137.6) ng.g- 1. Compared with local background level, serious Hg pollution with high Hg content was found in 7 areas, including Luoyangqiao [ ( 467.5 ±68.8)ng.g- 1] , Fugong [ ( 438.2 ± 147. 0) ng.g- 1 ] , Ewan [ ( 264.3 ± 89.2) ng.g- 1 ] , Yaojiayu [ ( 125.4 ± 27.1) ng.g- 1 ] , Fujian Province;Sanya [ ( 164. 8 ±143.9) ng.g- 1 ] , Dongzhaigang [ ( 314.1 ±335. 7) ng.g- 1 ] , Hainan Province, Shenzhen [ ( 179.9 ±7. 7) ng.g- 1 ] ,Guangdong Province. Hg content was similar with background value in the other 6 areas, including Yunxiao [ ( 63.3 ±43.9) ng.g- 1 ] , Fujian Province; Gaoqiao [ ( 178. 6 ± 127.0) ng.g- 1 ] , Guangdong Province; Daguansha [ ( 26.1 ±18.8) ng.g- 1 ] , Shankou [ ( 73.8±21.1)ng.g- 1 ] , Beilun estuary [ ( 117.8 ±51. 4) ng.g- 1 ] , Qinzhou Bay [ ( 147.5 ±107. 6) ng.g- 1] , Guangxi Autonomous Region. Discrepancy of total Hg concentrations in mangrove wetlands is due to many environmental factors and human activities. Parameters such as grain size, pH,organic matter, Fe/Hg, Mn/Hg are significantly correlated with total Hg respectively. Clay and Fe/Hg are obvious factors influencing total Hg concentration. Impact of environmental factors on mercury can be showed by regression equation.国家自然科学基金项目(40676064,30530150);厦门大学创新团队项

Distribution of Hg in Mangrove Plants and Correlation with Hg Speciation in Sediments

为了解红树植物对汞的富集能力和影响因素,对我国几种主要的红树植物的汞含量、沉积物总汞含量和形态进行了研究.结果表明,几种主要红树植物的总汞含量范围为817.5~3 197.6 ng/g,具有明显的种间差异和器官差异.秋茄汞含量为(1 579.4±1 326.8)ng/g,桐花树为(2 115.1±1 892.3)ng/g,白骨壤为(2 159.3±1 678.7)ng/g,木榄为(2 566.5±821.6)ng/g,海漆为(2 104.3±1 661.8)ng/g,无瓣海桑为(3 197.6±2 782.8)ng/g,老鼠簕为817.5±632.3 ng/g,红海榄为(1 801.8±1 255.4)ng/g.各种红树植物对汞的吸收能力的顺序为:无瓣海桑>木榄>白骨壤>桐花树>海漆>红海榄>秋茄>老鼠簕.我国主要红树林地区表层沉积物的汞形态主要为易挥发态,其次为硫化物及有机结合态或可交换离子态,少量为碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态,残渣态少量甚至没有.只有深圳红树林沉积物中的汞以残渣态为主,其次为硫化物及有机物结合态.无瓣海桑的茎和叶,海漆叶的汞含量与易挥发态汞、可交换态汞具有显著正相关关系,而大多数红树植物的茎汞和叶汞含量与沉积物的总汞含量、不同形态汞之间并没有明显的相关性.红树植物富集的汞来源多样,且这些不同来源的汞在植物体内可能是能够迁移的.Plant is an important role in biogeochemical cycle of Hg.The aim of this study is to ascertain Hg accumulation in several kinds of mangrove plants,and to discuss relationship among Hg concentrations in mangrove plants and different Hg speciation in sediments.Contents of total mercury(THg) in mangrove plants and sediments were determined.Hg speciation was determined with a modified Tessier's method.Contents of THg of the mangrove plants were in the range of 817.5-3 197.6 ng /g.In detail,Hg concentration was(1 579.4 ± 1 326.8) ng /g in Kandelia candel,(2 115.1 ± 1 892.3) ng /g in Aegiceras corniculatum,(2 159.3 ± 1 678.7) ng /g in Avicennia marina,(2 566.5 ± 821.6) ng /g in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza,(2 104.3 ± 1 661.8) ng /g in Excoecaria agallocha,(3 197.6 ± 2 782.8) ng /g in Sonneratia apetala,(817.5 ± 632.3) ng /g in Acanthus ilicifolius,(1 801.8 ± 1 255.4) ng /g in Rhizophora.stylosa,respectively.There are obvious interspecific variation,and organic variation in THg contents of mangrove plants,which is closely related to environment and physiological characteristics of mangrove plants.Enrichment of THg in mangrove plants was inhomogeneous,following the order of Sonneratia apetala > Bruguiera gymnorrhiza > Avicennia marina > Aegiceras corniculatum > Excoecaria agallocha > Rhizophora stylosa > Kandelia candel > Acanthus ilicifolius.Mercury exists mainly in volatile form in most mangrove wetlands,but mainly in the form of residue in sediments from Shenzhen mangrove wetlands.Significantly positive correlations were found among Hg concentrations in leaves and stems of Sonneratia apetala and volatile Hg,exchangeable Hg of sediments.Significantly positive correlations were also found among Hg concentrations in leaves of Excoecaria agallocha and volatile Hg,exchangeable Hg of sediments.But,there is no significant correlation between Hg concentrations of most mangrove plants and different Hg speciation in sediments.It showed that plants assimilate Hg from different sources,such as water,sediment and air,and that Hg assimilated by plants could transfer among different plant organics.国家自然科学基金项目(40676064;30530150

Speciation,bioaccumulation and transportation of mercury in sediments of mangrove wetlands of China

为了认识红树林表层沉积物中Hg的生物地球化学行为,采用改进的TESSIEr连续浸取法,对我国主要红树林沉积物中Hg的形态特征进行了研究,并讨论了Hg的生物可利用性和迁移性。结果表明:(1)我国红树林沉积物中的Hg绝大部分以易挥发态为主,具有较高的生物可利用性,易挥发态Hg向大气Hg的转化是红树林湿地中汞迁移的主要方式。只有深圳红树林沉积物中的Hg以残渣态为主,次为可交换离子态和碳酸盐结合态,沉积物中Hg主要通过不可溶的固体颗粒物形式迁移,其生物可利用性较低。(2)总Hg与易挥发态Hg呈极显著正相关(r=0.967,P<0.01),碳酸盐结合态Hg与铁锰氧化物结合态Hg之间存在极显著正相关(r=0.871,P<0.01),有机结合态Hg分别与碳酸盐结合态Hg、铁锰氧化物结合态Hg存在极显著相关(r1=0.618,P1<0.01;r2=0.686,P2<0.01);有机质与总Hg存在显著正相关(r=0.526,P<0.05)。In order to understanding biogeochemical behavior,speciation of mercury in the mangrove sediments from 9 main mangrove wetlands of China were determined with modified Tiesser's method.It shown:(1) Two situations were found.One is that mercury exists mainly in volatile form in most mangrove wetlands.That volatile mercury turns into atmospheric mercury is the main transport form for most mangrove wetlands.The mangrove wetlands are the source of global mercury pollution.The mercury in sediments of mangrove wetlands can be bio-accumulated easily.Another situation is that mercury exists mainly in the form of residue which is hard to bio-accumulate,typically in Shenzhen mangrove wetlands.The mercury transports in the form of insoluble particle.(2) Significant positive correlation was found between volatile Hg and total Hg(r=0.967,p<0.01).Carbonate-bound Hg is strongly correlated with Fe-Mn oxide-bound Hg(r=0.871,p<0.01),and organic matter is significantly correlated with total Hg(r=0.526,p<0.05).Organic-bound Hg is significant correlated with carbonates-bound Hg and Fe-Mn oxide bound mercury(r1=0.618,p1<0.01;r2=0.686,p2<0.01).国家自然科学基金项目(40676064;30530150);东华理工大学核资源与环境教育部重点实验室开放基金(070717

Electrochemical Behavior of Redox Proteins on ZnO Nanorod-Modified Electrodes Prepared by Electrodeposition

Corresponding authors. ZHOU Jian-Zhang, Email: [email protected]; Tel: +86-592-2189663.[中文文摘]采用恒电位阴极还原法在金电极表面一步修饰ZnO纳米棒,制备成ZnO纳米棒修饰电极.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示制得的ZnO为直径约100nm的六棱柱状纤锌矿晶体纳米棒.使用ZnO纳米棒修饰的金电极研究细胞色素c的直接电化学行为,结果表明:ZnO纳米棒修饰的金电极能有效探测到细胞色素c的铁卟啉辅基在不同价态下的电化学行为;细胞色素c吸附后,ZnO纳米棒修饰的金电极对过氧化氢的电流响应呈现良好的线性关系.[英文文摘]We successfully prepared ZnO nanorod-modified Au (ZnO nanorod/Au) electrodes using one-step cathodic electrodeposition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the morphology and crystal phase of the ZnO nanorods. The data showed that the ZnO nanorods were wurtzite type crystals with a hexagonal rod shape and a diameter of about 100 nm and that the ZnO nanorods were arranged well on the surface of electrodes. These ZnO nanorod-modified electrodes were able to detect direct electron transfer from cytochrome c (cyt c). Cyclic voltammograms showed that the direct electron transfer of cyt c with heme iron in different valence states was easily achieved by the ZnO nanorod/Au electrode. Data of amperometric responses demonstrated that a linear amperometric response to hydrogen peroxide was observed on the ZnO nanorod/Au electrodes after adsorbing cyt c.国家自然科学基金(20603027,21021002,20973134); 国家高技术研究发展专项经费项目(2009AA03Z327)资

Determination of High-sulfur Content Environmental Samples by Spectroscopic Barium Turbidity Method

硫酸钡分光光度比浊法是大批量测定环境样品含量的常用方法,但影响测定结果的因素较多,如样品量的多少、稳定剂的选择、酸度的控制、BaCl2的形态和用量(影响沉淀的均匀度)等均可对测定结果产生影响.针对这些影响因素,本文作者优化了HNO3消化——BaSO4比浊法测定高硫样品的实验条件和实验步骤,并对红树林区沉积物及植物样品进行了测定,得到较好的结果.实验证明,称取0.100 0~0.200 0 g样品,以甘油-乙醇为稳定剂,使用10%BaCl2溶液作沉淀剂,在测定前以19 kHz超声波振荡待测液10 min可以达到更好的测定效果.Spectroscopic barium turbidity(SBT) is commonly used in determining the content of sulfur in ervironmental samples,but many factors such as content of samples,choice of stabilizer,control of acidity,form and content of BaCl2 and etc.can affect the results.This paper tries to improve conditions and procedure of the lab operation by spectroscopic barium turbidity method for high-sulfur samples.Sulfur contents of sediments and plants from mangrove were determined with the improved method,quite good result was gotten.In detail,the method is that glycerine-ethylalcohol was used as stabilizer,with BaCl2·H2O solid instead by 10% BaCl2 solution and then,a 10 min ultrasonic wave vibration.国家自然科学基金(40676064,30530150)资

Distribution of heavy metals in surficial sediments from main mangrove wetlands of China and their influence factors

国家自然科学基金资助项目(60676064,30530150

Characters of Gain Size of Sediments from Mangrove Wetlands of China

沉积物粒度分布是物质来源、沉积区水动力环境、输移能力和输移路线的综合反映,也是影响物质分布的重要因素.本文结合各种环境因素对中国主要红树林区表层沉积物的粒度分布特征进行了分析.结果表明,中国红树林区表层沉积物中粒度分布呈现砂粒>粉粒>粘粒和粉粒>砂粒>粘粒两种趋势.砂粒与pH值、盐度显著负相关,粉粒和粘粒与pH值、盐度显著正相关.Distribution of grain size in sediment is an integration of matter source,water dynamics,transfer ability and paths.It is also an important factor that influences distribution of matter.Characters of grain size in surficial sediment in main mangrove wetlands of China were analyzed with a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 particle analyzer.Two trends can be found with particles in sediments,such as sand>silt>mud,and silt>sand>mud.There is significantly negative correlation between sand and pH value or salinity,while there is positive correlation among silt,mud and pH value.国家自然科学基金(40676064,30530150)资

Distribution and influential factors of sulfur in mangrove wetlands in China

以中国红树林主要分布地区——海南、广东、广西、福建的13个红树林区为研究对象,对沉积物中硫的分布特征及相关影响因素进行了分析。中国红树林地区沉积物中硫含量为0.009%--0.809%,平均含量为0.214%,远高于非红树林生长地区沉积物中硫的平均含量。海南、广东、广西、福建四省区红树林沉积物中硫的平均含量分别为:0.34%、0.19%、0.20%、0.18%。13个地区含硫量高低顺序为:三亚、东寨港、云霄、钦州、俄湾、姚家屿、高桥、山口、大冠沙、北仑河口、福田、洛阳桥、浮宫。各个不同红树林地区沉积物中的硫含量差异显著。硫含量与有机质含量、盐度显著正相关,与PH值显著负相关。土壤粒度组成以及铁含量对土壤中全硫含量有一定的影响。Thirteen important mangrove areas including Hainan,Guangdong,Guangxi,Fujian were studied,and distribution and influential factors of sulfur were discussed.Total Sulfur(TS) content ranged 0.009%--0.809%,with an average value of 0.214%,which was much higher than that in the sediments without mangrove.The TS concentrations in Hainan,Guangdong,Guangxi and Fujian were: 0.34%,0.19%,0.20% and 0.18% respectively.The order of TS concentration in sediments of these mangrove wetlands decreased: Sanya>Dongzhaigang>Yunxiao>Qinzhou>Ewan>Yaojiayu>Gaoqiao>Shankou>Daguansha>Beilunhekou>Futian>Luoyangqiao>Fugong.Organic matter and salinity correlated significantly with the TS concentration in sediments;pH correlated negatively with the TS concentration.Size fraction and iron content also influenced TS concentration in sediments.国家自然科学基金项目(40676064;305301502