硒在海洋浮游植物生化组分中的分布

硒在海洋浮游植物生化组分中的分布杨逸萍，李河典，胡明辉（厦门大学海洋学系）关键词硒，海洋浮游植物，生化组分前言硒为中等生物制约元素。海洋浮游植物对硒的富集系数高达103~104［1］.硒沿海洋食物链的传递［1~4］表明硒在生物体内可能被结合在细胞原生...国家自然科学基

海洋细菌作用下海水中铬化学形态的转化

于外加Cr（Ⅳ）和Cr（Ⅲ）的天然海水中接种海洋细菌，充氧条件下培养。在细菌对数生长期，大部分Cr（Ⅳ）被还原为Cr（Ⅲ）继而转化为有机铬。在稳定期，有机铬为溶解铬的主要形态，在无菌控制实验中，Cr（Ⅳ）和Cr（Ⅲ）浓度基本不随培养时间变化。说明在没有海洋细菌活动参与下，水中铬形态转化难以进行。实验结果为天然海水中溶解态铬的热力学不平衡状态提供部分可能的解释

Statistical study of trace elemental concentrations in major types oforganisms from typical Chinese coastal waters

研究了微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Sr、Ba在我国典型海域主要生物类别中的概率分布特征,并与常量元素Ca、Mg进行了比较。结果表明,微量元素的概率分布曲线具正偏态性质,概率分布类型大多为对数正态分布或近似对数正态分布,表明对某一特定微量元素,大多数生物体中的含量都比较低,只有个别生物有不成比例的高含量。常量元素Ca与微量元素相似,表现为对数正态分布,而Mg却具正态分布特征。本文给出了我国典型海域生物体中元素含量的总体分布特征。The probability distribution of the trace elements Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Sr and Ba in the marine organisms collected from the typical Chinese coastal water swere studied and compared with those of major elements Ca and Mg. All the distributions for the trace elements in macrophytes, benthic molluscs, crustaceans, cephalopods and different tissues in the fish (muscle, liver and bone) were nearly found to show the positive skewness, and a relatively large number of the marine organisms with low concentrations for the element and only a few organisms with disproportionately high concentrations. Their distribution types were generally logarithmic normal distribution or nearly logarithmic normal distribution. Distribution of Ca was similar to the trace elements, while Mg the normal distribution. Average concentrations of the major elements in the organisms were calculated based on their probability distributions.教育部博士学科重点项目(96038412

Distribution and transFormation of phosphorus Forms in estuarine suspended matter

本文研究长江口和九龙江口悬浮物中磷的化学形态分布及不同环境条件下的转化与释放。结果表明，长江口和九龙江口悬浮物中易于溶解释放的非磷灰石无机磷分别占总磷含量之21.3%和48.1%。水体盐度增大、缺氧环境以及海洋浮游植物渗出物和海洋细菌的作用，均可不同程度地促进悬浮物中磷释放到水相，同时引起固相内部磷形态的转化。文中对悬浮物中磷的潜在生物可利用形态也作了初步探讨。The distribution and transFormation of diFFerent Forms of phosporus and their release From suspended matter in the Changjiang and the Jiulong Estuaries have been studied.The results show that the ratios of easy-releasing non-apatite inorganic phosphorus to total phos phorus in the Changjiang and Jiulong Estuarl(1s are 21.3% and 48.1 % respectively.Phos phorus reIease can be promoted under high sallnity, anoxybiotic state, existence of marine photoplankton exudate, accompanying transFormation of phosphorus Forms in solid state.Potential bioavailable phosphorus Forms in Suspended matter was also studied prelimillarily.国家自然科学基金!4917627

Variation features of phosphorus in Xiamen coastal area during tropical storm period

于 1 998年 1 0号台风期间及台风解除后一周内 ,对九龙江口和西海域表层水中总磷 (TP)、溶解态无机磷 (DIP)、溶解态有机磷 (DOP)、颗粒态磷 (PP)、颗粒态无机磷 (PIP)和颗粒态有机磷 (POP)进行了为期 9d( 1 0月 2 6日至 1 1月 3日 )的现场观测 .根据观测结果 ,讨论了台风对上述各形态磷的分布特征的影响 ,认为台风伴随的增水、入海径流量的骤增和底质再悬浮的加剧将导致表层水体中各形态磷含量的短期增加The dissolved and particulate phosphorus (TP,DIP,DOP,PP,PIP and POP) in surface water of Xiamen coastal area were determined and calculated during the No.10 tropical storm in 1998. The variation features of the chemical species of phosphorous and their relation to environmental factors during the No.10 tropical storm were discussed .It was found that short term increments of various phosphorous forms were due to the storm rainfall , input of land source materials and bottom material resuspension during the tropical storm. [WT5F1]国家自然科学基金资助项目 !(4 9776 30 1

Concentration and Distribution Study of Heavy Metals inSediments and Organisms in the Jinjiang Tidal Zone

研究福建省晋江市潮间带底质、生物体内重金属含量的分布特征及其主要影响因素.结果表明：表层底质重金属除总Hg之外，Cu、Pb、Cd和总Cr含量在河口、半封闭海湾明显高于紧临台湾海峡的海湾及开敞海区，并且，近年来底质的这些重金属含量大多数呈递增趋势；底质的重金属除总Hg之外，其他的含量都与底质类型及有机质含量有较好的相关性；3种经济贝类对重金属的富集能力分别为：牡蛎，缢蛏和蛤对Cu的富集系数分别为nx104，nx103和nx103；3种贝类对Pd和Cd的富集系数均为nx102.This paper is a comprehensive study of concentrations and distribution of Cu, Pb, Cd, total Cr and total Hg in sediments and organisms in the Jinjiang tidal zone.The results show that the concentrations in surFace sediments in estuary and semiopen bay are much higher than that in the bay near to Taiwan strait and open sea, with an exception of total Hg.There is an increasing tendency of concentrations For most of the heavy metals investigated.The concentrations of Cu Pb, Cd and total Cr are in better correlated with types of sedimentary and with concentrations of organic materials.The enrichment coeFFicient of Cu are n×104 For oyster and n×103 For both clam and razor clam, respectively.The enrichment coeFFicients of Pb and Cd both are n×102 For all the three shellFish

Uptake and transFormation of selenium by marine phytoplankton

本文研究海洋浮游植物生长过程对硒的摄取和转化。结果表明，在藻类生长初期，快速选择摄取SE（Ⅳ），并积累于藻相。在指数生长期，以溶解有机物形式排出体内多余硒。在稳定生长期各形态硒基本趋于稳定。藻类混种培养能提高对SE（Ⅳ）的摄取程度及溶解有机硒代谢速度。混种培养之稳定生长期，SE（Ⅳ），SE（Ⅵ），溶解有机硒，藻相SE含量分别占总硒量之1.0%，10.2%，28.1%，60.6%。SE（Ⅳ）/SE（Ⅵ）值为0.10。溶解有机硒/总溶解硒值为0.71，与天然海区现场调查结果相接近。Uptake and transFormation of Se during the entire growth of three marine phytoplankton have been bserved.The results show that selective uptake of Se(Ⅳ)and accumulation of Se in algal phase are rapid in the 1st to 2nd day of culture.Excess selenium in algal phase is excreted in the Frm of dissolved organic selenium during the exponential phase.Distribution of Se Frms in culture medium keeps cnstant substantially during the stationary phase.Uptake level of Se(Ⅳ) in multiple species culture is higher than in single species culture.Percentages of content of Se(Ⅳ),Se (Ⅵ), org-Se and algal phase Se in ttal selenium content are 1.0 %, 10.2 %, 28.1 %, 6.6 %, respectively.Ratios of Se(Ⅳ)/Se(Ⅵ) and rg-Se/D-Se are about 0.10 and 0.70, respectively.The results are appraching to that of Field observations in natural marine environment.国家自然科学基金!8604024

Study of Rapid Analysis of Hydrocarbon Group typesin Lubricant Base Oil by High PerformanceLiquid Chromatography

用高效液相色谱法对润滑油基础油的化学族组成进行了分离分析 .以键合氰基柱和硅胶柱双柱切换的方式 ,正己烷为流动相 ,示差折光检测器检测 .经典柱色谱分析得到的样品分析结果作为高效液相色谱法对饱和烃、芳烃和胶质分析进行定量校正的依据 ,使用该种定量校正方法可得到不同产地和馏程的基础油族组成分析的定量校正因子 .为了简化数据处理过程、提高分析速度 ,引入平均校正因子 ,即同一馏程的样品定量校正因子为多产地样品校正因子的平均值 .用该种定量校正方法对已知样品和未知样品进行分析 ,结果表明该方法可以满足润滑油生产工艺中对烃类族组成快速分析的要求 .A rapid analytical method for hydrocarbon group types in l ub ricant base oil with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) has been deve loped. The samples were separated into Saturates, Aromatics and Polar compounds by HPLC system coupling with dual columns (μ Bandapak CN column and μ Poras il silica gel column), refractive index detector, and backflushing procedure. N hexane was us ed as mobile phase. Standard calibration method was used for quantification of d ifferent group types. All the quantification calibration factors were obtained with a series centificated samples by the traditional liquid chromatography. Als o, the method has been applied to analyze different samples

Coordination mechanism for science research serving integrated coastal management in Xiamen

科学技术支持是海岸带综合管理取得成效的基础 ,引导科学研究为海岸带管理服务应注重协调好管理部门与科研单位、科研单位之间、学科之间、理论成果与应用等诸多关系 .厦门通过建立科研界与行政管理界的联系渠道、联合开展海岸带综合管理的科学研究、建立海岸带专家组等途径 ,形成了科研为海岸带综合管理服务的协调机制 ,促进了科研与管理的合作 ,为海岸带综合管理决策与行动提供科学依据 ,有效地促进了海岸带综合管理进程 .Science and technology play important roles in successful integrated coastal management (ICM). It is a key for science research to provide service for administrations. Coordination is a useful method for cooperation or connection of a series of relations including science research units and administration agencies, different science research units, different subjects, and research output and implementation. Xiamen has established a coordinating mechanism through approaches such as strengthening the connection between sciences and administrations, implementing ICM research projects and establishing an ICM expert group. As a result, the science research has been providing the essential information for ICM polices and action plans, which has effectively promoted the progresses of ICM in Xiamen