Flame Characteristics and Burning Rate of Typical Solid Fuel Under Reduced Gravity

利用实验时间为2.2 s，低重力水平为l0-2 90简易实验系统，对易升华典型固体燃料试样从常重力到低重力环境过渡的瞬态燃烧过程进行了实验研究，考察了火焰形态、火焰亮度和温度以及燃料试样燃烧速率受重力水平影响的变化趋势，结果表明，随着重力水平的变化，火焰从常重力环境中的湍流扩散火焰，过渡为低重力环境中的层流火焰，火焰高度、亮度和温度以及燃烧速率都随重力水平的下降而降低．由于进入低重力状态后，常重力燃烧诱导的空气流动并没有完全消失，观察到了逆风侧火焰温度、火焰平均亮度，以及燃烧速率因气流作用而回升的现象，这种现象会使低重力环境中的火灾复杂性和危害性增强

Analyze the epidemical multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Shenzhen by DNA sequencing

通讯作者: 杨慧( yh2009cn@y ahoo.com.cn)[中文文摘]目的了解深圳市耐多药结核分枝杆菌(multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MDR-TB)的分子流行病学特征。方法参照WHO/I UATLD标准,使用L-J药敏培养基,采用1%比例法药敏试验筛选出敏感株和异烟肼(isoniazid,INH)、利福平(rifampicin,RFP)双耐药临床分离株,通过DNA测序检测深圳地区153株敏感株与132株MDR-TB的INH耐药基因katG、inhA、oxyR-ahpC基因间区域及RFP耐药基因rpoB碱基排列顺序,运用DNASTAR和blastn进行序列分析。结果 153株敏感株突变率为27.5%(42/153)。132株MDR-TB突变率为98.5%(130/132),其中katG基因突变率为73.5%(97/132),68.9%(91/132)为katG315位突变;inhA基因突变率为18.2%(24/132),11.4%(15/132)为启动子区域突变,未发现inhA94特异突变株;ahpC基因突变率为16.7%(22/132),10.6%(14/132)为启动子区域突变;rpoB基因81 bp核心区域突变率为93.2%(123/132)。结论 katG315、inhA启动子区域、ahpC启动子区域以及rpoB 81 bp核心区域突变为深圳地区耐多药结核分枝杆菌主要突变类型,与其他国家和地区差异无统计学意义;但深圳地区未见inhA94突变株。[英文文摘]Objective To investigate the epidemiologic characteristic of mult idrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in Shenzhen. Methods According to the standard of WHO, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IU ATLD) ,drug-susceptive and MDR MTB strains were collected by drug suscept ibility test (DST) of 1% proportion method.kat G, inh A, intergenic region of oxy R-ahp C and 81bp core region of rpo B genes in 153 drug-sus-ceptive strains and 132 MDR strains were analyzed by DNA sequencing. Results 27.5%(42/153) of drug-susceptive strains and 98.5% (130/132) of MDR strains showed gene mutat ions. Of 132 MDR strains, 73.5%( 97/132) had ka t G mutat ions, and 68.9% (91/132) of kat G mutations were at codon 315; 18.2% (24/132) had in h A mutations, and none specific mutations were found at codon 94 of in h A; 11.4% (15/132) had mutations at inh A-promoter region; 16.7% (22/132) had ahp C mutat ions, 10.6% (14/132) had mutations at interg enic region of oxyR-ah p C; 93.2%( 123/132) had mutations at the 81bp core region of rpoB. Conclusion The codon 315 of kat G, promoter region of inh A, ahp C and the 81bp core region of rpoB play predominant roles in MDR-T B in Shenzhen.艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治科技重大专项(2008ZX10003-004

Determination of Trace Metal Elements in Crude Oils by Microwave Digestion-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Assisted with Organic Solvent

李景喜( 1980 － ) ，男，山东临沂市人，研究实习员，从事分析化学研究。E-mail: jxli@fio．org． cn。[中文摘要]建立了二氯甲烷溶剂辅助微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定原油中V、Cr、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Mo、Co、Pb等16种微量金属元素。研究表明,用CH2Cl2分散原油样品,以浓HNO3-H2O2为消解体系,采用CEM微波消解系统消解样品,各元素线性关系良好,相关系数≥0.9995;检出限可达ng/L;方法精密度较高,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=3)<5.0%;回收率为92%～110%。以w(Ni)/w(V)与w(Fe)/w(V)比值为变量参数对不同原油样品进行聚类分析,表明国内与国外不同地区原油样品中各金属元素含量差异较大。[英文文摘]A method for determination of V,Cr,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Mo Co,Pb,etc in different crude oils was established by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry assisted with organic solvent microwave digestion.The oil sample was digested by microwave using HNO3-H2O2 as oxidant after dispersing in organic solvent(CH2Cl2).The results showed that the detection limits of the method reached ng/L level for sixteen elements.The linear correlation of the method was preferable with the correlation coefficient of better than 0.9995． The recoveries of the method were in the range of 92% ～ 110% with the precision of less than 5.0% RSD (n=3)．The ratios of w(Ni)/w(V) and w(Fe)/w(V) were distinct in different crude oil samples from oversea and domestic，and the index can be used to the cluster analysis for differencing the crude oil samples．国家海洋局第一海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资助(2010G23);海洋公益性行业科研专项资助(200705011);海洋溢油鉴别与损害评估技术重点实验室开放基金资助(200920

光纤与波导器件的联接技术

文中就如何增大耦合效率和工艺容差的问题作了具体的分析，在此基础上，评述了现有的几种能够获得较低插入损耗的光纤和波导的固定联接技术

蒸汽汽爆、固态发酵分级处理对生物质快速热解的影响

为了改善生物质热解油的品质,本文引入了蒸汽汽爆、固态发酵对生物质进行了分级处理并脱除其中半纤维素和纤维素,降低了生物质的羧基和羟基含量。本文目的是研究分级处理改变生物质组分对其快速热解及其热解产品的影响。热解实验结果表明,汽爆、发酵处理使得焦产率增加,油产率略有增加,热解气产率降低;除汽爆处理增加了CO_2外,分级处理对热解气形成的规律影响较小:通过油品的GC/MS分析表明,汽爆、发酵分级处理脱除半纤维素、纤维素后,醋酸降低了36～49%,羟基丙酮减少了25～38.5%,而酚类产物明显增加。油品的热值也由原麦秸的16～17MJ/kg增加到22～24MJ/kg